Computing Computing

Genius Genius
21st Century ICT Skills

21st Century ICT Skills

Computing Genius
Based on Windows 10 & MS Office 2016
Based on Windows 10 & MS Office 2016

Computing Genius, is a graded ICT series, designed to meet the learning needs of students
from Grade 1 to Grade 8. The books provide the students basic knowledge of the functions of
y Digital Literacy
various computer hardware, software and programs. They are aimed to guide the students
through basic usage of frequently used applications and programs.
y Computational Thinking
Each topic is designed to help students learn more effectively through the use of step-wise y Coding, Programming
instructions and screenshots.
and Debugging
y Internet and Cyber Safety
XXXXXXXXXX y Artificial Intelligence and
Robotics
xxx XXXX
Computing
Genius
21st Century ICT Skills
Based on Windows 10 & MS Office 2016
PREFACE
There’s no doubt about it; we live in a highly technological world. Children
grow up watching computer applications all around them. Information
and Communications Technologies (ICT) have now become a part of the
educational experience of children in most parts of the world.

Computing Genius series has been especially designed keeping in mind the
need of today’s students from 1 to 8. The series tries to enhance students’
abilities in basic keyboard skills, mouse use, safe internet searching, software
use and Artificial Intelligence. It begins with simple keyboarding skills, with
subsequent plans using creative projects to help students demonstrate what
they’ve learned. Depending upon the age and skill of children, the books
provide a framework in which ICT competence and practical skills can be
developed within an environment appropriate for the students.
With the growing popularity of social media in the ‘Tech-Gen’ kids, tips on
Internet safety is explained through the section on Cyber Safety and Netiquettes.

Additional information
Something to remember

Disclaimer
Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, Internet, Google, Facebook, ipad, Apple and all other brand names and product
names, used in this book purely for educational purposes, are trademarks, registered trademarks or trade names of their respective bearers.
The Publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.

In some screenshots the words ‘colour’ and ‘centre’ have been spelled in American
English— ‘color’ and ‘center’.

ISBN: xxx-xx-xxxxx-xx-x
VP: xxxxx
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All disputes are subject to Delhi Court Jurisdiction only.
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retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise without the permission of the publisher.
 These are the set of skills you will be working on in this series from Kindergarten to Class 5
(I=Introduced R=Revisit M=Mastered)

Skills KG 1 2 3 4 5

About Computer - A Machine I R R R R R

Uses/ Applications of Computers I R M

1. Computer Basics Computer Functioning I R R M

Computer Hardware and Language I R R R R M

Storage Devices and Uses I R R R M

Using Computer Functions I R R R R R

Using Mouse and Keyboard I R R R M

Using Windows 10 Operating System I R R

MS Word 2016 I R R R
2. Digital Literacy and Competence
MS PowerPoint 2016 I R R

MS Excel 2016 I R

Working with Media I

Using Computer Network I R

MS Paint I R

Paint 3D I R
3. Computational Thinking
Algorithm and Flowchart I

QBasic I M

4. Coding and Programming Programming in Scratch I R R R R

Using Internet – Network of Networks I R R R R R

Uses of Internet I R R

Connecting to Internet I R R
5. Internet and Cyber Safety
Internet Web Browser I R

Multimedia and Internet I R R

Cyber Health and Assistive Technology I R R

The topics, which have not been mastered till class 5 will be covered in the later classes.
CONTENTS
Unit 1: Computer Basics
1. Components of Computer 5
2. Files and Folders 18
3. Applications of Computers 24
Unit 2: Digital Literacy
4. Operating System—Windows 10 28
5 Introduction to MS Word 2016 37
6. Introduction to MS PowerPoint 2016 60
Unit 3: Computational Thinking
7. Algorithm and Flowchart 69
Unit 4: Coding and Programming
8. More in Scratch 74
Unit 5: Cyber Safety and Internet

9. Multimedia & Internet 89

INTERNET IMPOSTER 93

Robotics and Artificial Intelligence

TYPES OF ROBOTS 95
Unit 1: Computer Basics

1 Components of Computer
A computer is an electronic machine that works according to the instructions
given by you.

How it Works

Accepts data Manipulates the Produces results Stores the results

(input) data (process) (output) for future use

4 3 Input devices:
5 1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
System unit:
3. Data Processing
Output devices:
6 4. Monitor

1 2 5. Speakers
6. Printer

INPUT
STORAGE UNIT OUTPUT UNIT RESULT
UNIT

PROGRAM CONTROL UNIT

DATA
CENTRAL
PROCESSING
UNIT
ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT

5
Input Devices
Input is the process of entering data (raw information) or programs into the
computer system. Input devices accept data and instructions from the user.
These devices are connected to the computer.
Some input devices are: keyboard, mouse, digital pen, scanner, touch screen,
microphone and trackball.

1 2

7 7
9
8

1. Escape Key: To quit a task you are performing

2. Function Key: To quickly perform specific tasks
3. Number Key: To type numbers
4. Alphabet Keys: To type letters
5. Caps Lock: To type in capital letters
6. Shift Key: Used in combination with another key to type an uppercase letter
7. Ctrl and Alt Keys: To perform a specific task, the combination of Ctrl or Alt key with the another key
can be used

6
Keyboard
A keyboard contains different types of keys. The keyboard most commonly in
use is the QWERTY keyboard.

12

14
15
11

13

10

8. Windows Keys: To quickly display the Start menu in the Window operating system
9. Space bar: To insert a blank space
10. Application Keys: To display the shortcut menu for an item on your screen
11. Enter Key: To start a new paragraph in the word processing program
12. Backspace Key: To remove the character to the left of the cursor
13. Arrow Keys: To move the cursor around the screen
14. Numeric Keypad: To enter numbers
15. Delete Key: To remove the objects

7
Mouse
Mouse is an electro-mechanical,
Scroll Wheel
hand-held device. It is used as a
pointer to:
• Draw Right Button

• Move icons
• Start programs
• Select objects
Left Button
The bottom of the mouse is flat
and contains a mechanism that
detects movement of the mouse.

Mouse Substitutes

Touch screen: While using touch screen,

finger is used to point to and click directly on
the objects on the screen.

Touch screen

Digital pen: It is a battery-operated writing device that

digitally captures a hand-written note or drawing.

Digital pen

Stylus a thin rod or pen shaped instrument used to send letters

or numbers to a computer screen, tablet or mobile phone.
Stylus pen

8
 Track ball: It is a pointing device. To move
the pointer, we rotate the ball with our
thumb, fingers or the palm of the hand.

Scanner Track ball

Scanner is used to send

images and text to the
computer.

Scanner

Webcam

Webcam is a digital camera that’s connected to a computer and the Internet. It

captures pictures and videos.

Webcam

Microphone

Microphone
Microphone takes voice as input and is used to record a sound in a computer
system.

9
Output Devices
Output is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful
information. Monitor, printer and speaker are some output devices.

Monitor Printer Speakers

Displays the result Prints the output Enable us to listen to
of the tasks the (document) on paper music and converse
CPU performs with people

Hard Drive
Storage Devices
Storage holds data, instructions, and
information for future use. The hard drive
or the hard disk sits inside the system unit
and stores your programs and documents.
Storage devices are of two types.

Storage Devices

Internal Storage Devices External Storage Devices

RAM ROM Hard Disk Drobo Pen Drive External

Hard Disk

10
Drobo: It is an external storage hardware. Many
external devices can be connected to a Drobo.

Drobo

Pen drive is a very small and portable

storage device that can be connected to
read or write the data.
Pen Drive

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Processing Devices
Working on data get meaningful
information is called processing.

CPU (Processor)
The CPU is the brain of
computer. It coordinates the
flow of data throughout the
computer.

CPU is made of two parts

Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU): It is Control Unit (CU): It controls

the part which performs arithmetical, the flow of instructions and
comparisons and logical operations. information inside the CPU.

11
A computer is a collection of many electric, electronic, and mechanical
components. These components when attached together in specific order
make up the Computer System. Hardware, Software and Users are the main
components of computer system.

Hardware
The computer and all the equipment attached to it is called hardware. In other
words, hardware is any part of computer you can touch and feel.

Input
Devices

Keyboard Mouse

Output
Devices

Hardware Printer Monitor

Components

Secondary
Storage
Devices
Hard Disk Drobo Pen Drive

Internal
Components

Motherboard CPU RAM

12
Software
Software is a set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to perform a
specific function. The software is not physical in nature. You cannot touch it.

“Without software the hardware

of a computer is like an aeroplane
without a pilot.”

Software cannot be utilised without supporting hardware. Hardware and Software

compliment each other.
Example, The computer is an example of hardware and MS Paint is a software.
Types of Software
The software can be classified into two types:
 System software     Application software

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

File Mgmt Operating

Assembler Debugger Compilers Utilities
Tools System

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

Word
Graphics Spreadsheets Communications Databases Games
processing

System Software: The System software includes the operating system and all the
utilities that enable to operate, control and extend the processing capabilities of
computer. Some examples of system software are Operating Systems, compilers,
Interpreter and Assemblers.

1331
Application Software
Application software is the set of programs written by programmers to enable
computer to perform specific tasks. Word processors, spreadsheets, graphic
designing and communication software are some examples.

Graphic Software: It allows you to

draw pictures, images and figures
on computer. Paint, CorelDraw and
Photoshop are some of the Graphic
softwares.

Communication Software: It allows to

pass information from one computer to
another in the world via Internet or other
networking facilities. Skype and Facebook
Messenger are some of the Commun-
ication softwares.

Word Processing Software: It

allows you to prepare notes, stories,
letters, official documents, etc. MS
Word and WordPad are some of the
Word Processing softwares.

14
 Spreadsheet: It allows you to
perform calculations, analyze
data and present information. The
most commonly used spreadsheet
Microsoft Excel program is Microsoft Excel.

Database: It allows you to prepare the list of information

in organized and indexed form. The most widely used
database program is Microsoft Access.

Users
A person who communicates with
a computer or uses the information
it generates, is called a user. Users
can be categorized as:

Programmer
The process of writing instructions
(program) for computer is called
programming. A person who
writes these programs is called a
programmer.

Operator
A computer operator is a person
who controls a computer system.

1551
1. Label the following:

2. Match the following devices with its name and write whether it is an
input, output or a storage device.

a. Monitor ..................................

b. Speakers ..................................

c. Scanner ..................................

d. Mouse ..................................

e. Hard disk ..................................

16
3. Identify and write the type of software shown in the picture.

4. Cross every third letter and write what you get:

a. S O L F T G W A K R E

...................................

b. H A P R D Q W A M R E

...................................

c. O P D E R Q A T B I N L G S Y A S T V E M

......................................................  .........................................

1771
 2 Files and Folders
A file is an object on a computer that contains a collection of related information.
Examples of files include text documents, spreadsheets, digital pictures, and
even songs. Files are created using a computer program.
Your computer represents files with icons. By looking at a file’s icon, you can
tell at a glance what kind of file it is. Here are some common file icons:

Icons of different types of files

File Names and Extensions

All files have names, and all file names consist of two parts - the name and the
extension separated by a period.

File name

File extension

File extension

File extension
File extension

Different types of files extension

18
The type of file or the program in which it was created is indicated by the extension.
The extension is a short abbreviation of the file type, usually consisting of three
letters, sometimes two or four.
Uncheck the box next to “Hide
If your file extensions aren’t showing, in
file extensions for known
Windows Explorer, pull down the view menu
file types”. By default, file
and click on the file name extensions.
extensions cannot be seen.

Folders
Folders are used to organize your files. Folders can contain other folders or
individual files.

Open a File
There are two main ways to open a file:
Method 1:
1. Find the file on your computer
2. Double-click the mouse.

1991
Method 2:
1. Select the File by single click.
2. Click on Open option on the right.

Move a File

1. Click, hold and drag the file to the desired location.

2. Release the mouse. The file will appear in the new location.

20
Rename a File or Folder
Right click on the folder and select ‘Rename’.

Change the name New name appears.

Create a New Folder

Open the location where you want to create the folder.
1. Right click the mouse. Click on New option in the ribbon.
2. Select Folder option. A new folder will appear.

2
1

2112
Delete a File or Folder
1. Select the file.
2. Press the Delete Key on your keyboard.
3. Click on Yes. The file will be deleted.

1
3

If you no longer need to use a file, you can delete it. When you delete a file, it
is moved to the Recycle Bin. If you change your mind, you can move the file
from the Recycle Bin back to its original location. If you’re sure you want to
permanently delete the file, you will need to empty the Recycle Bin.

Restore File or Folder from Recycle Bin

1. Select the Recycle Bin

Icon.
2. Press the Enter Key on 1 2
your keyboard.
3. Select the file or folder,
3
right click the mouse and
click the restore option.

22
1. Create a folder on the desktop by giving the name of your school.
Open the folder by double-clicking on it and create a document file in it.
Now rename the folder by your own name.

2. Name the types of files saved in:

a. Document ....................................................................................

b. Pictures ....................................................................................

c. Music ....................................................................................

d. Video ....................................................................................

3. Write the steps to:

a. Create a folder: ....................................................................................

..............................................................................................................

b. Rename a file: ....................................................................................

..............................................................................................................

c. Copy a file: ....................................................................................

..............................................................................................................

4. Write the steps to restore a file:

................................................................................

................................................................................

................................................................................

2332
3 Applications of Computers

Computers have made our life easier. A computer has high speed of calculation,
diligence, accuracy, reliability, or versatility which has made it an integrated
part in different fields.

Education System

• Enable CBE (Computer Based Education)

involves control, delivery, and evaluation
of learning.
• Prepare a database about performance
of a student and conduct her/his analysis.
• Facilitate distance learning facility with
the help of Internet and video-based
online courses.

Banking

• Facilitate online accounting facility,

which includes checking current balance,
making deposits and overdrafts, etc.
• ATM machines which are completely
automated are making banking services
easier.

24
Business Organizations

Help in –
• Payroll calculations
• Budgeting
• Sales analysis
• Financial forecasting
• Managing employee database
• Maintenance of stocks, etc.

Engineering
Facilitates –
• CAD (Computer Aided Design) provides
creation and modification of images
• Structural Engineering analyses designs
of ships, buildings, airplanes, etc.
• Industrial Engineering deals with design,
implementation, and improvement of
integrated systems of materials, and
equipment.
• Architectural Engineering help in planning
towns, designing buildings, etc.

Hospitals and Labs

• Keep record of patients and medicines.

• Collect data and identify the cause of
illness in diagnostic System.
• Conduct diagnostic tests and prepare
reports in Lab-diagnostic System.
• Check the patient’s signs for abnormality
during cardiac arrest or ECG.

2552
Marketing
• Create art and graphics in advertising
• Write and revise copy
• Print and disseminate ads
• Placing order, paying through plastic money
in online shopping

Defence
Enable –
• Missile Control
• Military Communication
• Military Operation and Planning
• Smart Weapons

Communication

Connect the users through –

• Email • Chatting
• Usenet • FTP
• Telnet • Video-conferencing

Government Services
• Help to create Budgets
• Manage Sales tax department
• Manage Income tax department
Help in –
• Computation of male/female ratio
• Computerization of voters lists
• Computerization of PAN card

26
1. Look at the pictures. Write the application of computer in each.

2772
Unit 2: Digital Literacy

4 Operating System—Windows 10

An Operating System (OS) is a program

that is used to control all the activities of
computer. The operating system helps to
start up a computer system and run it.
Some popular operating systems include,
Linux, Windows, OSX and VMS.

Windows operating system is developed by Microsoft.

Features of Windows Operating System

1. Windows Operating System provides many ways to manage the files,
images and pictures stored on your computer.
2. It allows you to run several programs at the same time.
3. It can share information among various windows applications.
4. It allows you to interact through graphical icons and visual indicators using
a mouse.
5. It is very easy to learn and understand.

28
Windows 10
Windows 10 is one of Microsoft’s biggest updates ever to Windows. Windows 10,
combines important features of previous versions making it easier to use.

Starting Windows 10
1. When you turn on your computer, you get a welcome screen with time and
date appearing at the left corner.

The Windows 10
welcome screen.

2. Click anywhere on the screen to go to the User Accounts screen. Once you
have selected your user, Windows Desktop appears. You can also click on
‘Sign in’ button to go directly to the Windows Desktop, the start screen of
Windows 10.

2992
Windows 10 Start Screen
The Windows Desktop is your operating system main screen. Here you have
tools like Start Menu, Taskbar and other icons.

START
NOTIFICATION
AREA
SEARCH TASKBAR

Windows 10 Start Menu

When you click on the Start button, some apps can be displayed as Live Tiles.
Some commonly seen icons that appear on the desktop are seen arranged on
the left and right panes of the desktop.

Left Pane: Right Pane:

The left pane resembles the traditional The right pane features live tiles
Start Menu from Windows 7 that were used in Windows 8.

30
View Account Commands: On the upper left of the window is your picture and
user name. Click it to view commands related to your Microsoft account:
1. Click on the Start icon.
2. Select your user name and click on it.
3. Select the desired command:
• Change account settings: Allows you to make changes to your Microsoft
account, including your picture, password and other options.
• Lock: Locks your computer, requiring a password to use it again.
• Sign out: Signs your account out of Windows, so another user can login.

Opening an App (Application Program)

You can start an application program installed on your computer to perform any
task. For example:
• WordPad or MS Word: To write a letter
• Paint program: To draw a picture
• Web browser application, such as the Internet: To surf the World Wide Web

3113
You can also open the desired
App using Apps Screen. Open
the Start Menu and click on All
Apps

An alphabetical list of all the

applications appears.

Click on the app you

want to start.

INFOBIT
You can also open the
application by typing its name in
the ‘Search box’ in the Taskbar.

32
Resize an App Tile
You can resize a live tile by following the steps below.
1. Click on the Start button.
2. Right-click on the app tile.
3. Select Resize option.
4. Select a size option and click on it.
The tile is resized.

2
3
4

1
Rename a Tile Group
There is a gap between tile groups, where you can add a group title. Click on
the space.
1. Click on the Start button.
2. Click in an empty name area on the Start menu.
3. Enter a new group name and press Enter Key. The group’s name is changed.

2
1 3

33
Move an App Title
If you don’t like the way the tiles are arranged, you can move them around to
rearrange them.
1. Click on the Start button.
2. Click and drag the desired tile to a new location on the Start menu to arrange
them.

2
1
Shut Down or Restart Using the Start Menu
The simplest and most basic method of closing down Windows 10 is by using the
Start Menu, which is the default option in the latest Microsoft operating system.
1. Close all your running programs. Then, click on Windows button.
2. Tap on Power button.
3. Three options appear:
• Choose Restart to
reboot the device 1
• Shut down to shut it
down completely or
• Sleep to put it into
sleep mode.
2
Sleep
Shut down
Restart
3

34
Windows 10 Notification Area
The Notification Area or the System
Tray, is in the right-side of the Windows
Taskbar. The System Tray features
different types of notifications and alerts
from your computer like your Internet
connection, or the volume level.

Customise the System Tray

1. Go to the SETTINGS window and choose System.

2. Select Notifications & actions.

3. Select the option that reads “Select which icons appear on the taskbar”.
4. Turn on or off the icons in whichever way you prefer.

2 4
3

3553
1. Number the steps to resize a live app tile on Windows 10 screen.

2. Start Windows 10. Sign in to open the Windows Desktop.

• Change the account settings
• Sign out
• Shut down the system.

3. Customise the System Tray

• Turn on the Antivirus
• Decrease the volume
• Turn on the network.

36
 5 Introduction to MS Word 2016
Microsoft word is a word processing tool for creating different types of documents.
It is similar to Word 2010 or Word 2013 but has many extra features.
Opening Microsoft Office 2016 in Windows 10
1. Click on Windows 10 icon.
The Windows 10 desktop appears.
2. Locate and click the Word 2016 icon.

2
MS Word 2016

1
3. Click on Blank document

The Word 2016 screen appears.

3773
The Microsoft Word 2016 Opening Screen
In Word 2016, the Ribbon contains multiple commands on separate tabs. Each
tab contains several groups of related word commands.

Quick Access Toolbar Tab

Contains frequently used Set of tools related
commands such as Save, to an overall task
Undo and Redo

File Tab
Displays the
options such
as New, Open,
Print and Save

Insertion Point Toolbar

or Cursor Used to change
Shows the the text style
current position
where you type

Work Area
You type the
text here

Status Bar Document Page

Shows the Page number
and number of words in
the document

38
 Microsoft Account Window Icons
Sign-in Minimize
Title Bar
To access a
Displays the name Maximize
document from
of the program
anywhere by signing Close
document
in to MS Office

Collapse
Ribbon

Dialog Box Launcher

To open a dialog box Scroll Bars
Click and drag
these to move
across or up and
down the page

Zoom Slider
To increase or decrease
the size of the screen

3993
Entering Text
Word inserts text to the left of the insertion point. It uses programs defaults for
margins and line spacing.
1. Type the text on the keyboard.

The text you type will appear

where the insertion point flashes
on your screen.

1
Word processing software, sometimes called a word
processor, allows users to create |

Selecting Text
Selected text appears highlighted on the screen. To select text:
1. Place your mouse pointer over the first word you want to select.
2. Click and hold the left button of the mouse while you drag it over the text you want
to select.

1 2
Word processing software, sometimes called
a word processor, allows users to create and
manipulate documents containing mostly text
and sometimes graphics.

40
Selecting a Word
1
1. Double-click the word you
want to select.
The word will be selected.
Click outside the selected area to
deselect text.

Selecting a Sentence 1
1. Press and hold down the Ctrl
key from the keyboard.
2. Still holding down the Ctrl key,
click the sentence you want to
select.

Selecting a Paragraph
1. Place your mouse pointer 1
over the paragraph you want
to select and then quickly
click three times to select a
paragraph.
The whole paragraph will be
selected.

Selecting any Amount of Text

1. Place your mouse pointer
over the first word you want 1 2
to select.
2. Drag the mouse pointer over
the text you want to select.

4114
Cutting and Copying Text
The text you have typed can be cut or copied from one place to another within
the document. Moving a text will cut the text from its original place and paste
it to the new location whereas by copying, a text will remain at its original
location and will be copied to a new location also.
1. Select the text you want to move or copy.
2. Click on Home tab.
3. Click on one of the following buttons:
Cut text ( )
Copy text ( )
4. Click on the location where you want to place the text.
5. Click on Paste button ( ) to place the text in the new location.

REMEMBER
In this example, we choose Copy
text, so the text will remain in
its original location.

The text will appear

in the new location. 4

42
Deleting Letters and Words
1. Select the text.

2. Press the keys: Delete to remove the text on the right side of the cursor

or Backspace to delete the text on the left side of the cursor.

Last Sunday, I went went | Last Sunday, I went to the

to the zoo with my family. zoo with my family.
Backspace

Changing the Style of Text

When you click on the ‘Home’ tab, you get many groups to change the size.
Colour and style of the text. These are labelled Clipboard, Font, Paragraph,
Styles and Editing. Each group has one or more command icons.

Clipboard
The Clipboard group contains tools that allow to ‘Cut’, ‘Copy’ and ‘Paste’ text.

Cut
Cuts the selected text
Paste
Pastes the
selected text
Copy
Takes a copy of
the selected text

4334
Font Group
The ‘Font’ tools help you to change the font style, size and colour easily. Let’s
look at some of the tools in the ‘Font’ group.

Font Font Size

Choose the font Choose the size of the text.
of the text.

Calibiri (Body) 11
B I U abc x2 x2 a

A ab A Aa
Font Styles A a
To set the text to
‘Bold’, ‘Italic’ or Font
‘Underline’.

Text Effects and Typography Text Highlight Colour Font Colour

To apply text effect, such as a To highlight the text. To set the colour
shadow or glow. of the text.

To Change the Text to Bold

1. Select a sentence.
2. Click on ‘Bold’.

2 B I U abc x2 x2

I love visiting places.

I love visiting places.

44
3. To change the text to italic select the text and click on ‘Italic’.
4. To underline the text select the text and click on ‘Underline’.

B I U abc x2 x2 B I U abc x2 x2

3
4
I love visiting places.
I love visiting places.

Changing the Font

Microsoft Word has many different fonts.
1. Select the text.
2. Click on the drop-down list of font and select a new font.

I go to Modern School.

4554
3. The text has now changed to a new font.
4. Select the text. Click on the drop-down list of font and select a new font. This time,
choose the ‘Brushscript’.

Unicorn

Brushscript

I go to Modern School 4

I go to Modern School

Changing the Font Size

You can make your text smaller or bigger by changing the size of the font.
1. Select the text.
2. Click on the drop-down list of font size and select the font size 24.

2
1
My favourite food is noodles.

46
 24

11

My favourite food
is noodles.
My favourite food is noodles.

Unicorn 24 point

Unicorn 11 point

Changing the Font Colour

You can make your document more interesting by changing the colour of the
font.
1. Type two sentences in a blank document.
2. Select the first sentence.
3. Click on ‘Font Color’ to display the font colour box. Click on the red colour.

My name is Sam.
I am 8 years old.

My name is Sam.
I am 8 years old.

4774
The ‘Paragraph’ Toolbar
The ‘Paragraph’ toolbar allows you to change the position of the text in different
ways.

Bullets Numbering Line Spacing

Start a bulleted list Start a numbered Change the spacing
list between the lines of
selected text

1 1
2 a
3 i

A
Z
Paragraph
Text Alignment Outside Borders
Aligns the selected Adds a border around
text in different ways the selected text

Shading Sort
Colours the background Sorts the selected
behind the selected text text alphabetically or
numerically

REMEMBER
You can easily locate specific text, graphics, objects, and equations within a document by using the Navigation Pane.
You can open the Navigation Pane by selecting the checkbox in the Show group on the View tab, or by clicking the
Find button on the Home tab in the Editing group.

48
Text Alignment
When a paragraph is typed in Word Document, it is always aligned to the left.
We can change the alignment using tools.
Open a new Word document and type a paragraph.

To align text to the left. To align text to the right.

Word processing software allows Word processing software allows

users to create and manipulate users to create and manipulate
documents containing mostly text documents containing mostly text
and sometimes graphics. and sometimes graphics.

To align text to the centre. To align text to both left and right
margins.

Word processing software allows Word processing software allows users

users to create and manipulate to create and manipulate documents
documents containing mostly text containing mostly text and sometimes
and sometimes graphics. graphics.

4994
Adding Borders
A border is a line that can be placed on the sides or bottom of a page.
1. Click and drag to select the text you wish to add a border around.
2. Click on the arrow of the ‘Outside Borders’ tool to display the different types of
borders.
3. Click to select and apply a border.
Bottom Border
Top Border
Try adding different borders to your text. To
Left Border
remove a border, click on ‘No Border’.
Right Border
No Border
All Borders
Outside Borders
Inside Borders

Inside Horizontal Borders

Inside Vertical Border
Diagonal Down Border
Diagonal Up Border
A
A Horizontal Line
Draw Table
View Gridlines
Borders and Shading...

1
2

50
Changing the Background Colour
We can change the background colour of word document by using the
‘Shading’ tool.
1. Select the text.
2. Click on the ‘Shading’ tool to display the background colours.
3. Choose a background colour.

5115
Inserting Objects in Microsoft Word
Objects such as tables, photographs and smart art can be inserted in the
Microsoft Word using the ‘Insert’ toolbar.

Pictures Shapes Chart

Inserts photos or Inserts shapes such as Inserts readymade
other graphics into rectangles, circles and charts and graphs.
a document. triangles.

Table Online Pictures Smart Art Text Box

Inserts a Finds and inserts Inserts Inserts a
table into a pictures from readymade lists box for
document. online sources. and diagrams. typing text.

Inserting a Table
A table lets you show information in an organised way. The different parts of a
table are.

Row
Runs across in a table.

Border
Lines that separate the
cells.
Column Cell
Runs up and down in a table. Cells contain the information.

52
To insert a table in Microsoft Word.
1. Click on the ‘Insert’ tab and click ‘Table’.
2. Choose the number of rows and columns by pointing the mouse over the square.

The table will appear in the document.

You can also create a table by using the Insert Table Dialog Box.
1. Click on ‘Insert Table’.
2. In ‘Table size’, type the number of columns and rows.
3. Click on ‘Ok’.

5335
 Type in the information into each cell to complete the table.

Choose a colour from the

Table Background Colours ‘Theme Colors’ window.
1. Select the area of the table you
want to colour.
2. Click on the ‘Shading’ tool in the
table tools window.
3. Select a colour.

1
3

54
Inserting Photographs
Take the cursor in the place where you would like to insert a picture.
1. Click on the ‘Insert’ tab
2. Choose ‘Picture’

3. Click on the photograph you want to insert

4. Click ‘Insert’

55
5. Click and drag on the corners to change the size of the photograph.

6. Click format
7. Use the ‘Picture Styles’ toolbar to edit the picture.

56
Setting Margins
1. OPEN the Word file with text.
2. On the Layout tab, in the Page Setup
group.
3. Click the drop-down arrow to display
the Margins menu.
4. Choose Narrow. The top, bottom,
left, and right margins are set to 0.5”.
5. For custom margins in the Page
Setup group, click the drop-down
arrow to display the Margins menu.
6. Click Custom Margins to open the
Page Setup dialog box.

Saving a Document for the First Time

When saving a document for the first time, you must specify a file name, the file
type, and a place where you can access the document. You can save files to
portable storage devices such as a flash drive, to your computer’s hard drive,
to a network location, or to OneDrive.
1. Click the File tab. The Info screen appears.
2. Click the Save As command. The Save As screen appears.

5775
3. Click on This PC. The right side of the screen changes and displays Recent Folders
that have been opened.
4. Select the folder.

3
4

5. Type a name for the file Click on the ‘Save’ button.

58
1. Open a blank document in MS Word 2016. Type the following story.

AS YOU SOW, SO SHALL YOU REAP

One night, three thieves stole a lot of money from a rich man’s house.
They put the money in a bag and went to the forest. They felt very
hungry. So, one of them went to a nearby village to buy food. The
other two remained in the forest to take care of the bag of money.

The thief that went for food had an evil idea. He ate his food at a
hotel. Then he bought food for his two mates in the forest. He mixed
a strong poison with the food. He thought, “Those two will eat this
poisoned food and die. Then I will get all the money for myself.”

Meanwhile, the two wicked men in the forest decided to kill their mate
on return. They thought that they would divide the money between
the two of them. All the three wicked men carried out their cruel plans.
The thief who wanted all the money for himself came to the forest with
the poisoned food. The two men in the forest hit him and killed him.
Then they ate the poisoned food and died.
Thus, these evil people met with an evil end.
MORAL: Evil begets evil

Now perform the following tasks:

a. Save the document with your name.
b. Close the MS Word window.
c. Again open the MS Word and open the file you saved before.

5995
6 Introduction to MS PowerPoint 2016
PowerPoint is a multimedia program developed by Microsoft. MS PowerPoint
allows you to use text, sound, video and animation to create presentations.
One page of your presentation is called Slide and group of pages on any one
topic is called Presentation.

Starting PowerPoint
Click on the PowerPoint 2016 tile on the Windows 10 screen.

1. Click on Microsoft PowerPoint tile on the Start screen.

60
 A Blank Presentation screen is displayed
in the PowerPoint Window.

When you click on the Blank Presentation option screen

a PowerPoint screen appears where you can start
working.

6116
Components of PowerPoint
Title Bar: Displays the name of the active file, identifies the app, and provides
tools for managing the app window, ribbon, and content.
Quick Access Toolbar: The default Quick Access Toolbar in the PowerPoint
app window displays the Save, Undo, Redo/Repeat, and Start From Beginning
icons.

Quick Access Toolbar Title Bar

Contains frequently used commands like Displays the name of
Save, Undo, Redo, etc. the program document.

Navigation Pane
Used to move
between slides

Speakers Notes

62
Ribbon: Displays the commands you’ll use when working with a presentation.

Microsoft Account Sign-in Window icons

To access a document from Minimize
anywhere by signing in to MS
Maximize
Office.
Close

Ribbon

Main Screen Window

Place to build the
slides

6336
To Create a New Presentation
1. Click on the File tab
2. Click on New
3. Double-click Blank Presentation to create a new presentation.

3
C
lic
k

64
Entering Text on a Slide
When you create a new presentation, the first slide to appear is a Title slide.
It contains two placeholders: a title placeholder and a subtitle placeholder.
To add text, click within the placeholder and type.

Placeholders

Formatting
PowerPoint provides a wide variety of themes that apply a distinctive look to the
text, bullets, background colours and graphics in a presentation.
You can apply a theme when you create a new presentation and you can change
the theme as many times as you want.

To Apply a Theme
1. Click on the Design tab
2. Select one of the themes in the To see more themes, click on
Themes group
the dialog box launcher.

6556
The theme will be applied.

To Add Photographs
1. Click on the ‘Insert’ tab to display a list of insert options.
2. Click on ‘Pictures’.

3. Choose the
photograph you want
to insert.
4. Click ‘Insert’.
3

66
Click and drag the photograph to move it. Click and drag on the corners to
make the photograph bigger or smaller.
Adjust text and photograph to make the slide look more interesting.

To Add New Slides

Click on the ‘Home’ tab and click on ‘New Slide’ icon. You can use the drop
down to select any type of slide. A new slide will be added.

To move to
the previous or
next, use the
thumbnails on the
left of the window.

6776
1. Open MS PowerPoint to create a presentation on the topic ‘Internet’.

Give information about importance and need of Internet and its uses.

Format the text using attractive fonts, size, colour, alignment and
spacing.

2. Open MS PowerPoint, create a presentation on your school.

68
Unit 3: Computational Thinking

7 Algorithm and Flowchart

The computer requires step by step instructions to do any task or solve any
problem.
Algorithms are finite sequence of steps
to do a particular task. They are used by
computers to accomplish tasks.
A flow chart is a diagrammatic representation
of the step by step instructions.

Algorithm
An algorithm is a stepwise set of instructions written to solve a problem. When
different sets of instructions are put together, they form a computer program.
An algorithm is written in simple language and must be efficient and limited to
finite number of steps.

Step 1: Start
Step 2: Wake up in the morning
Step 3: Do some exercise
Step 4: Brush your teeth
Step 5: Take a bath
Step 6: Wear school uniform
Step 7: Have a breakfast
Step 8: Pack up your bag
Step 9: Take the bus and reach to the school
Step 10: Stop

6996
For Example:

Flowchart
A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm.
Once the flowchart is drawn, it becomes easy to write the program in any high
level language. Flowcharts are also helpful in explaining the program to others.

1. Start or stop box Used to display the beginning and the

end of the flowchart.

2. Processing box Used to display the processing

(calculation) part of the flowchart.

3. Connector Used to join the part of one flow chart to

another.

4. Flowlines Used to connect and indicate the flow of

data in the flowchart.

5. Input/output box Used to show the instructions related to

input and getting the result/output.

6. Decision box Used to display the comparisons and

take decision according to condition.

Flowcharts are usually drawn using some standard shapes like:

Guidelines to Draw a Flowchart

a. All necessary requirements should be listed out in logical order.
b. The flowchart should be clear, neat and easy to follow.
c. If the flowchart becomes complex, it is better to use connector symbols to
reduce the number of flow lines.
d. Avoid the intersection of flow lines if you want to make it more effective and
better way of communication.
e. Only one flow line should come out from a process symbol.

70
f. Only one flow line should enter a decision symbol, but two or three flow lines,
one for each possible answer, should leave the decision symbol.

<0 >0

=0

g. The usual direction of the flow of a procedure is from left to right or top to
bottom.

or

h. Only one flow line is used in conjunction with terminal symbol.

i. Ensure that the flowchart has a logical start and finish.
j. It is useful to test the validity of the flowchart by passing it through a simple
test data.
Example:
Converting the Algorithm to Flowchart:
ALGORITHM FLOWCHART
Step 1: Start Start

Step 2: Wake up in the morning. Wake up in the morning

Step 3: Do some exercise. Do some exercise

Step 4: Brush your teeth. Brush your teeth

Step 5: Take a bath. Take a bath

Step 6: Wear school uniform. Wear school uniform

Step 7: Have a breakfast. Have a breakfast

Step 8: Pack up your bag. Pack up your bag

Step 9: Take the bus and reach to the school. Take the bus and reach to the school

Step 10: Stop Stop

7117
Converting algorithm into a flowchart for adding two numbers, then taking out the
average of their sum and then printing the results.

ALGORITHM FLOWCHART
Step 1: Start Start Indicates the beginning of flowchart.
Input statement giving two numbers
Step 2: Take two numbers Input to computer.

Step 3: Add the two numbers Sum = A + B = C Processing: giving the instruction to
calculate.
Step 4: Average of two numbers Average = C/2 Processing: giving the instruction to
average.
Step 5: Print the result Output Average Output or result is displayed.

Step 6: Stop Stop Marks the end.

Loops and Counters

If you want to print the name of your school 200 times the flowchart will be very
long. To make it short, you can use Counter.
A counter is used to count the number of times a process is being repeated. The
counter is a variable and gets incremented number after each repetition. This
repetition is called as Looping.
When the value of the counter becomes equal to 200, it will get out of the loop.

Sample Flowchart
Start
Start
Input School name

Count=1

Print School Name

Count=Count+1

is
Count < = 200?
End

72
1. Write the name and use of the following symbols.
    NAME USE

............................................... ...............................................

............................................... ...............................................

............................................... ...............................................

............................................... ...............................................

2. Write an algorithm and draw the flowchart to:

a. Find the greater of two numbers X and Y
b. Multiply two numbers X and Y
c. Print your Teacher’s name 100 times.

3. Arrange the following steps of algorithm in proper order.

a. Go to bed and sleep. Step 1. ...............................................
b. Have dinner. Step 2. ...............................................
c. Switch off the light. Step 3. ...............................................
d. Start Step 4. ...............................................
e. Brush your teeth after dinner. Step 5. ...............................................
f. Stop Step 6. ...............................................

4. Draw any flowchart using MS Paint program and colour it also.

7337
Unit 4: Coding & Programming

8 More in Scratch
Scratch
A computer program is just a set of
instructions that tell a computer what to
do. You write these instructions using a
programming language.
Please give some
In Scratch you have to drop blocks to text ya image for
create a program.
fill this image
Arithmetic Operators
You can make your own calculator in
Scratch using arithmetic operators.
Scratch supports the four basic
arithmetic operations of addition (+),
subtraction (−), multiplication (*), and
division (/). The blocks used to perform
these operations are called operators.
They are shown below.

Operators These are for

comparisions

In the white blank circles you have to type the numbers on which the operation
will be performed.

74
Program
Let us add two numbers through
coding and then check if the
answer is correct.
You may use the cat sprite or
choose a new sprite after deleting
the existing one.

Now start the coding as follows.

1. Select Events.
2. Select, drag and drop the Flag block.

1
d r a g a n d drop
e le ct
S
2

3. Select ‘Looks’ from the Scripts.

4. Select, drag and drop the Say block.

4
Selec p
t drag and dro

7557
5. Select the Operators from the Scripts.
6. Select, drag and drop the addition block in the rectangle of Say block.

5
Se
lec p 6
t dra
g and dro

Type first number

In the blank circle of the addition
block type the numbers.

Type second number

7. Type the name of the program.
8. Save the program. 8

Select the blue icon to view

program and then select the green
flag to run the program.
When the program will run, it will
show the sum of the two numbers
in the dialog box of the sprite.

The ‘if’ Block

Imagine that you are creating a game to know who likes number 1 and who
likes number 2.
The student first sees a message that he/she has to select any one number
from 1 and 2.

76
You can perform this task using two ‘if’ blocks. If the answer is 1, say Good,
1 is your favourite. If the answer is 2, say Great, 2 is your favourite.
The specified condition is tested. If the condition is true, the commands in the if
part of the block are executed. If the condition is false, it will go to next block and
do what the block says.

Multiple ‘if’ Blocks

If you want to test more than one condition before taking an action, you can
use multiple ‘if’ blocks to perform the required test. Consider for example to
show the number that someone has entered from 1, 2 and 3.

Please enter a number from 1, 2 and 3

User entered a number
Number entered

Number is 1
Yes First ‘if’ block No
You entered 1 Number is 2
Yes Second ‘if’ block

End You entered 2 Number is 3

Yes Third ‘if’ block No
End You entered 3 End

End
REMEMBER
Do not enter any number other than 1, 2, and 3.

Selection
When the program asks the user to select the option of the command to be
performed then it is known as selection.
It is done by using multiple ‘if’ blocks. We will learn how to create programs that
present the user with choices and act on the user’s selection.
When you start up some programs, it displays a list (or menu) of available options.
It waits for you to make a selection.

77
Program 2
Sign in and select ‘Create’ to create a new program.
Delete the cat sprite.
It will look like this.

Selecting a Sprite
1. Add a sprite of your choice from library.
2. Click OK.

78
Selecting a Block
1. Select Events from the 1
Scripts.

2. Select, drag and drop the 2

op
r
block. ndd
Select drag a

To Take Second Block

1. Select Sensing.
1
2. Select, drag and drop the ‘Ask block’.

7997
3. Bring your cursor to the rectangle given in
Ask block. 3
4. Delete the text by clicking Backspace.
4

5. Type the question that you want to ask the

user.

5
To Start Using Multiple ‘if’ Blocks

1. Select Control from the Scripts.

2. Select, drag and drop ‘if’ block.

2
p
ro

d
d
g an
ct dra
Sele

80
3. Select Operators from the
Scripts.
4. Select, drag and drop equal
to operator in the blank 3
block space of ‘if’ block.

op
dr
an

d
g
dra
ect
Sel

5. Select Sensing from the

Scripts.
5
6. Select, drag and drop the
Answer block in the first
empty block of Equal to
operator. 6
p
dro

d
g an
ra
Select d

8118
7. Bring the cursor to second 8. Enter the first selection for the user
blank of the Equal to block. which is 1 in our program.

7 8

To Drop More ‘if’ Blocks

1. Select Control. 1
2. Select, drag and drop the
‘if’ block.
3. Again Select, drag and drop
the ‘if’ block.
drop 2
nd
ra ga
d
ct
le

drop 3
Se

d
an
g
a
dr
ct
S ele

4
5
4. Go to the ‘Equal to’ block and click right.
5. Click left on the duplicate.

82
6. Go to blank space of the second ‘if’ block
and click left.
7. Again take the Duplicate of this block.
6

8. Go to blank space of the

third ‘if’ block and click left
on it.

9. Enter 2 in the blank space 10. Enter 3 in the blank space which is
which is the second selection the second selection option of the
option of the program. program.

3 10

8338
To Drop the Different Blocks within the ‘if’ Blocks

1. Select ‘Looks’ from the

Scripts.
1
2. Select, drag and drop
‘Say’ block in free space
of ‘if’ block.
Select drag and drop 2

3. Select ‘Sound’ from the

scripts.
3
4. Select, drag and drop Play
sound block in the free
space of second ‘If’ block.

84
 5

5. Select Motion from the

Scripts.
6. Select, drag and drop the
‘Turn’ block in the free space
of third ‘If’ block.

To Save the Program

1. Type the name of the program to be saved.
2. Save the program.
3. Click on blue icon to view program.

2
1
3
Click on green
flag to start the
program.

The number you entered

Enter your choice
will appear here.
here and press Enter

Instead of
pressing Enter you
can click on this.

Program 3
We will do coding which will have three different mathematical operations for
same numbers. The user will select the operation that he/she likes.
Example: Take two numbers 10 and 5,
1. Select any sprite of your choice.

8558
Now do the following coding

for adding

for subtracting

for multiplying

1. Type the name of the program.

2. Save the program.

2
1

86
After running the program you will observe the following.

Now enter any one choice.

The answer will appear in the dialog box of the sprite.

How to Test
Calculate the number and operation on paper to check whether the program
is right or not.
For example in program given, selection entered was 3
For selection 3 the number will be multiplied.
10*5 is 50
Hence the program is right.

8778
1. Lab Activity
Create a program. In this program use nested ‘if’ blocks to make sprite do
four different things.
Then during running the program ask the user to enter any one selection
and the program will perform that selection

88
Unit 5: Cyber Safety and Internet

9 Multimedia & Internet

The Multimedia features of a computer enable you to use the CD/DVD players
to play music and watch movies on the computer. “Multi’ means ‘many’ and
‘media’ refers to ‘means of communicating’.

Multimedia
Multimedia means using the multiple media of communication in a computer.
Multimedia is a mixture of audio-video text and animation graphics. These
are combined and conveyed via electronic or digital means.

Text Graphic

Video MULTIMEDIA Audio

Animation 3 D Virtual Reality

Elements Roles/Functions Examples/Uses

Text • express idea • contents and navigation bars
• convey message
Graphics • can be drawn/painted or produced digitally • show processes in sequence
• makes message clearer
Audio • speech/music/sound effects • entertainment
Animation • series of successive drawings • creates the illusion of motion
• to enhance or further reinforce a message
Video • capturing, processing and displaying of • more realistic
motion picture • can be transmitted

8998
Multimedia System Requirement
The device that is capable of presenting multimedia applications is called
multimedia system.
A multimedia system should contain a different hardware such as:

A colour monitor: To display the

animation and pictures.

A sound card and speakers:

To get the voice output.

A CD/DVD drive: To play CDs and DVDs.

These types of disk’s are now very less
used but still many games and softwares
can be installed using these disks.

Microphone and headphone:

To record the voice.

90
Importance of Multimedia
Multimedia programs are used in different areas for different tasks such as:

Multimedia

Education Public Places Business Entertainment Home

• Teaching • Smart cards • Sales • Movies • Television
Marketing
• Learning • Information • Games • Satellite TV
• Distance kiosks • Advertising • Music • Chats/Internet
learning • Trade shows
• Research

There are many multimedia educational programs available on Internet in

different forms. Example:
• Multimedia videos • Encyclopedia • E-books • Interactive Applications

Internet
Internet is a technology by which millions of
computers are connected to share information.
• Internet can be connected by cables
• Telephone wires
• Wireless media such as WiFi

Uses of Internet
When you work on Internet, you can:
• Share information with others • Send and receive email message
• Chat online • Play online games
• Interact on Social Networking sites • Bank online
• Buy or sell products • Listen to music and watch movies

9119
1. Activity Time
Paste pictures of two hardware devices required for multimedia system, in
the given boxes and name them.
Write its uses.

2. Visit the computer lab and ask your teacher to show you some educational
videos on a computer.

92
IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY
In future, a great technology
would be commonplace
through which we would be
able to travel the entire world,
while sitting at our homes,
virtually though.

The use of holographic images in

future might play an important
role in communication. This
technology is emerging, but in

Technology For People with Special Needs

Devices such as Liberator communication
device, enable non-verbal individuals the
opportunity to communicate spontaneously. A
person can control it with his eye movements.

For people suffering from autism, apps such

as Speak for Yourself and Augie AAC allow
therapists to work with individuals to help
them access a vocabulary of over 13,000
words – all with just a few taps of the screen.

For people with learning disabilities such as dyslexia, voice control systems such as
Nuance is designed. It allows users to dictate messages to be typed on computers
and phones, while also converting displayed text on phones into intelligible speech.

Public telephones and mass broadcast devices, such as

Radio and Television, revolutionised communication in
the 20th century.
 Communication

future virtual classrooms with one holographic image of the teacher at one place
and another of the children where teachers are actually present may be created to
conduct classes in remote areas.

Also, holographic images augmented with virtual reality equipment may make
a person “feel” a real handshake with an image. Famous artists and singers while
performing at one concert, use this technology and can beam their holographic
images to multiple locations where other fans can also enjoy the performance. This
might become a common practice in future.

Holographic images are 3D images of a person which can be beamed to faraway

places using communication and display technology.

Use of 3G and 4G
technology and Internet
in mobiles has improved
communication
immensely. You can use
video calls on mobiles.
You can chat free on the
Internet using Skype
where you can see and Using HD (High Definition) TV and 3D or
hear the person you are Virtual Reality devices, a person could
communicating with. have the feel of the place he or she is
seeing. A person could thus virtually
visit Paris or the Taj Mahal.

This made
communication
A telegraph was invented. It very fast, eventually,
transmitted characters bringing the present
through the Morse code day telephones and
using a telegraphic television into the
device. world.
 Robotics and Artificial
Intelligence
Types of Robots
There are different types of robots. They are classified on the basis of theirbody
structure and uses.
On the basis of body structure and capability of performing tasks there are three
types of robots:
Simple-Level Robots: These robots have simple circuits and have limited
potential.
Middle-Level Robots: These robots are a bit upgraded and composite from the
simple-level robots. They are programmed when they are made but can never be
reprogrammed. They have more potential and can perform more tasks.
Complex-Level Robots: These robots contain complex circuits and can be
programmed again and again according to the requirement of the user.

Simple-Level Robots Middle-Level Robots Complex-Level Robots

On the basis of application and use of robots there are seven main types of
robots: –
Industrial Robots: These robots are designed and made for manufacturing
industries. They can perform various tasks such as welding, painting and weight
lifting.

9559
 Domestic Robots: These types of robots are mainly
used at home. They can help in cleaning, cooking
and many other chores. Some examples of domestic
robots are robotic vacuum cleaners, robotic pool
cleaners, sweepers and surveillance robots.

Medical Robots: These robots are generally used in

medical institutions. They can be instructed to perform
surgery and even help in diagnosis of the diseases.

Service Robots: These robots are made to perform

a variety of tasks which we find in the service sector
such as data collection, research job and many others.

Entertainment Robots: These robots are children’s

favourite. These are hi-tech robot toys that can spin
around and jump. Some robots also help children in
studies and can be used at home or classroom.

Military Robots: The ever growing technology has

given birth to Military robots. They are combined in
the defence system of all major countries round the
globe. These robots are bomb disposal robots or
drones which can fly in the sky attack silently and
collect information from other countries or territories.

Space Robots: These robots are specially and

specifically designed to be used on the International
Space Station and in other space missions. These
robots can be used in situations and places where
humans cannot reach.

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