EST 200 :

DESIGN AND
ENGINEERING
Manu Prasad
Asst. Professor, Dept. of ECE
AWH Engineering College, Kozhikode 08
Email : [email protected]
  Design Process:-

 Introduction to Design and Engineering Design,

Module 1  Defining a Design Process-: Detailing Customer Requirements,

Setting Design Objectives, Identifying Constraints, Establishing

Functions, Generating Design Alternatives and Choosing a

Design.
Engineering
Design Process
  Client:
What “Roles"  a person or group or company that wants a design conceived

are played as  User:

 who will employ or operate whatever is being designed.
the design
 Designer:
unfolds?  whose job is to solve the client's problem in a way that meets
the user's needs.
  Analyze the situation
 Write a brief problem statement
 Research the problem through brain storming
Different  Write a specification – Problem Description
stages in a  Work out possible solutions

design  Select a preferred solution

 Prepare working drawings and plan ahead
process
 Construct a prototype
 Test and evaluate the design
 Write a report
  Q) Show the designing of a wrist watch going through the
various stages of the design process. Use hand sketches to
illustrate the processes
 Q) Find the customer requirements for designing a new car
Module 1 showroom. Show how the design objectives were finalized
considering the design constraints?
Sample  Q) Show the designing of an online shopping website going
questions? through the various stages of the design process. Use hand
sketches to illustrate the processes.
 Q) Find the client requirements for designing a new digital class
room. Show how the design objectives were finalized considering
the design constraints?
  Design Thinking Approach:-

 Introduction to Design Thinking, Iterative Design Thinking

Module 2 Process Stages: Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test.

Design Thinking as Divergent-Convergent Questioning. Design

Thinking in a Team Environment.

The Five
Stages of
Design
Thinking
Divergent
thinking
vs
Convergent
thinking
  Q) Illustrate the design thinking approach for designing a bag for
college students within a limited budget. Describe each stage of
the process and the iterative procedure involved. Use hand
sketches to support your arguments.
 Q) Construct a number of possible designs and then refine them to
narrow down to the best design for a drug trolley used in
hospitals. Show how the divergent-convergent thinking helps in
Module 2 the process. Provide your rationale for each step by using hand
sketches only.
Sample  Q) Describe in detail the design thinking approach for designing a
Questions tiffin box for a 6-year-old child. Describe each stage of the
process and the iterative procedure involved. Use hand sketches
to support your arguments.
 Q) Construct a number of possible designs and then refine them to
narrow down to the best design for an automatic hand sanitizer
dispenser. Show how the divergent-convergent thinking helps in
the process. Provide your rationale for each step by using hand
sketches only.
  Design Communication (Languages of Engineering Design):-

 Communicating Designs Graphically, Communicating Designs

Module 3
Orally and in Writing. Mathematical Modeling In Design,

Prototyping and Proofing the Design.

 Assembly drawings

Communicating
Designs
Graphically

Detail drawings Layout drawings

  REPORTING is an essential part of a design project
 We communicate final design results in several ways, including
oral presentations, final reports (that may include design
COMMUNICATING drawings and/or fabrication specifications), and prototypes and
DESIGNS models.
ORALLY AND IN  The primary purpose of such communication is to inform our
WRITING client about the design, including explanations of how and why
this design was chosen over competing design alternatives.
 It is most important that we convey the results of the design
process.
  Know your purpose.
GUIDELINES  Know your audience.

FOR  Choose and organize the content around your purpose and your
audience.
TECHNICAL  Write precisely and clearly.
COMMUNICA  Design your pages well.
TION  Think visually.
 Write ethically!
  A title slide
 A roadmap
 A problem statement
 Background material on the problem
 The key objectives of the client and users
The  The key constraints that the design must meet.
 Functions that the design must perform
Presentation:  Design alternatives
Outline  Highlights of the evaluation procedure and outcomes
 The selected design
 Features of the design
 Proof-of-concept testing
 A demonstration of the prototype
 Conclusion(s)
  We will focus on representing the behaviour and function of
real devices in mathematical terms.
 Basic Principles of Mathematical Modelling
 Why do we need a model?
 For what will we use the model?
 What do we want to find with this model?
MATHEMATICAL  What data are we given?
MODELING  What can we assume?
 How should we develop this model, that is, what are the
IN DESIGN appropriate physical principles we need to apply?
 What will our model predict?
 Can we verify the model’s predictions (i.e., are our calculations
correct?)
 Are the predictions valid (i.e., do our predictions conform to what
we observe?)
 Can we improve the model?
  Q) Graphically communicate the design of a thermo flask used to
keep hot coffee. Draw the detailed 2D drawings of the same with
design detailing, material selection, scale drawings, dimensions,
tolerances, etc. Use only hand sketches.
 Q) Describe the role of mathematical modelling in design
Module 3 engineering. Show how mathematics and physics play a role in
designing a lifting mechanism to raise 100 kg of weight to a
Sample floor at a height of 10 meters in a construction site.
Questions  Q) Graphically communicate the design of wheel chair for
physically handicap persons. Draw the detailed 2D drawings of
the same with design detailing, material selection, scale drawings,
dimensions, tolerances, etc. Use only hand sketches.
 Q) Applying mathematical model communicate design of a 1000-
liter water tank at 20-meter height
  Design Engineering Concepts:-

 Project-based Learning and Problem-based Learning in Design.

Modular Design and Life Cycle Design Approaches. Application of

Module 4
Biomimicry, Aesthetics and Ergonomics in Design. Value

Engineering, Concurrent Engineering, and Reverse Engineering in

Design.
Problem-
based
Learning and
Project-based
Learning in
Design
 Project based learning Problem based learning

Difference  often share the

 goals are set and quite
outcomes and jointly set
between structured
the learning goals and
problem  often multidisciplinary outcomes
and longer
based and  more likely to be a single
 follows general steps subject and shorter
project based  involves authentic tasks  provides specific steps
learning that solve real-world
 uses scenarios and cases
problems
that are perhaps less
related to real life
Modular
Design
Life Cycle
Design

• Development
• Production
• Distribution
• Use
• Maintenance
• Disposal
• Recovery
Ergonomics in
design
AESTHETICS
IN DESIGN
Bio-mimicry in
design
  Q) Show the development of a nature inspired design for a solar
powered bus waiting shed beside a highway. Relate between
natural and man-made designs. Use hand sketches to support
your arguments.
 Q)Show the design of a simple sofa and then depict how the
design changes when considering 1) aesthetics and 2) ergonomics
Module 4 into consideration. Give hand sketches and explanations to justify
Sample the changes in designs.
 Q) Show the development of a nature inspired design for house
Questions for four people. Relate between natural and man-made designs.
Use hand sketches to support your arguments.
 Q) Show the design of a chair and then depict how the design
changes when considering 1) aesthetics and 2) ergonomics into
consideration. Give hand sketches and explanations to justify the
changes in designs.
  Expediency, Economics and Environment in Design
Engineering:-
Module 5
 Design for Production, Use, and Sustainability. Engineering
Economics in Design. Design Rights. Ethics in Design
  COST ESTIMATION: HOW MUCH DOES THIS PARTICULAR
DESIGN COST?
 The simplest, conceptually, is to estimate labor, materials, and
overhead costs.
Economics in  Labor : costs include payments to the employees who build the
designed device, as well as to support personnel who perform
Design necessary but often invisible tasks such as taking and filling orders,
packaging, and shipping the device.
Engineering  Materials include those items and inputs directly used in building
the device, along with intermediate materials and inventories that
are consumed in the manufacturing process.
 The costs incurred by a manufacturer that cannot be directly
assigned to a single product are termed overhead.
  Q)Examine the changes in the design of a foot wear with constraints of 1)
production methods, 2) life span requirement, 3) reliability issues and 4)
environmental factors. Use hand sketches and give proper rationalization for the
changes in design.
 Q)Describe the how to estimate the cost of a particular design using ANY of the
following:
i. a website,
ii. the layout of a plant,
iii. the elevation of a building,
Module 5 iv. an electrical or electronic system or device and
v. a car.
Sample Show how economics will influence the engineering designs. Use hand sketches to
support your arguments.
Questions  Q) Space is the major problem faced by the modern world. As an Engineer you
should identify a solution for the parking space for a new building. Design a
system by considering the following constraints:
a) Minimum space must be included
b) Easy parking and easy retrieval
c) The design must be suitable for all types of vehicles
d) Special area for service vehicles
e) Area for emergency vehicle
You can use the mechanisms like lifts, moving platforms or any supportive
arrangements. Sketch the solution and explain briefly