.No.

: 1 PROGRAM USING I/O STATEMENTS AND

EXPRESSIONS DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to perform I/O statements and expressions.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables and initializations
3. Read the Input variable.
4. Using I/O statements and expressions for computational processing.
5. Display the output of the calculations.
6. Stop

PROGRAM

/*
* Sum the odd and even numbers, respectively, from 1 to a given
upperbound.
* Also compute the absolute difference.
* (SumOddEven.c)
*/
#include <stdio.h> // Needed to use IO functions

int main() {
int sumOdd = 0; // For accumulating odd numbers, init
to 0 int sumEven = 0; // For accumulating even
numbers, init to 0 int upperbound; // Sum from 1 to
this upperbound
int absDiff; // The absolute difference between the two
sums int number = 1;

/ Prompt user for an

upperbound printf("Enter the
upper bound: ");
scanf("%d", &upperbound); // Use %d to read an int

/ Use a while-loop to repeatedly add 1, 2, 3,..., to the

upperbound while (number <= upperbound) {
if (number % 2 == 0) { // Even number
sumEven += number; // Add number into sumEven

F
 } else { // Odd number
sumOdd += number; // Add number into sumOdd
}
++number; // increment number by 1
}

/ Compute the absolute difference between the two

sums if (sumOdd > sumEven) {
absDiff = sumOdd -
sumEven; } else {
absDiff = sumEven - sumOdd;
}

// Print the results

printf("The sum of odd numbers is %d.\n",
sumOdd); printf("The sum of even numbers is
%d.\n", sumEven); printf("The absolute
difference is %d.\n", absDiff);

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
Enter the upper bound: 1000
The sum of odd numbers is 250000.
The sum of even numbers is 250500.
The absolute difference is 500.

RESULT:

Thus a C Program using i/o statements and expressions was executed and the
output was obtained.

2
EX.No. : 2 PROGRAM USING DECISION-MAKING

CONSTRUCTS DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to perform decision-making constructs.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables and initializations
3. Read the Input variable.
4. Codes are given to different categories and da is calculated as
follows: For code 1,10% of basic salary.
For code 2, 15% of basic
salary. For code 3, 20% of
basic salary. For code >3 da
is not given.
5. Display the output of the calculations .
6. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
void main ()
{
float basic , da , salary ;
int code ;
char name[25];
da=0.0;
printf("Enter employee name\n");
scanf("%[^\n]",name);
printf("Enter basic salary\n");
scanf("%f",&basic);
printf("Enter code of the Employee\n");
scanf("%d",&code);
switch (code)
{

3
case 1:
da = basic * 0.10;
break;
case 2:
da = basic * 0.15;
break;
case 3:
da = basic * 0.20; break;
default :
da = 0;
}
salary = basic + da;
printf("Employee name is\n");
printf("%s\n",name);
printf ("DA is %f and Total salary is =%f\n",da,
salary); getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter employee name

sriram
Enter basic salary
5000
Enter code of the Employee
1
Employee name is
sriram
DA is 500.000000 and Total salary is =5500.000000

RESULT

Thus a C Program using decision-making constructs was executed and the

output was obtained.

4
EX.No. : 3 Leap year checking

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to find whether the given year is leap year or Not .

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the Input .
4. Take a year as input and store it in the variable year.
5. Using if,else statements to,
a) Check whether a given year is divisible by 400.
b) Check whether a given year is divisible by 100.
c) Check whether a given year is divisible by 4.
6. If the condition at step 5.a becomes true, then print the ouput as “It is a
leap year”.
7. If the condition at step 5.b becomes true, then print the ouput as “It is
not a leap year”.
8. If the condition at step 5.c becomes true, then print the ouput as “It is a leap
year”.
9. If neither of the condition becomes true, then the year is not a leap year
and print the same.
10. Display the output of the calculations .
11. Stop

PROGRAM

/*

* C program to find whether a given year is leap

year or not */

void main()

5
 {

int year;

printf("Enter a year \n");

scanf("%d", &year);

if ((year % 400) == 0)

printf("%d is a leap year \n", year);

else if ((year % 100) == 0)

printf("%d is a not leap year \n", year);

else if ((year % 4) == 0)

printf("%d is a leap year \n", year);

else

printf("%d is not a leap year \n", year);

OUTPUT

Enter a year
2012
2012 is a leap year

Enter a year
2009
2009 is not a leap year

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Leap year checking was executed and the output was
obtained.

6
EX.No. : 4 Arithmetic operations

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Design a calculator to perform the

operations, namely, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and
square of a number.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the Inputs .
4. Calculate Arithmetic operations(+,-,*,/,pow) for the input of two
numbers.
5. Display the output of the calculations .
6. Stop

PROGRAM

/*
* C Program for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
* and square of two numbers
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

int main(){
/* Variable declation */
int firstNumber, secondNumber;
int sum, difference, product;
long square;
float quotient;

/* Taking input from user and storing it in firstNumber and

secondNumber */
printf("Enter First Number: ");
scanf("%d", &amp;firstNumber);
printf("Enter Second Number: ");
scanf("%d", &amp;secondNumber);

/* Adding two numbers */

sum = firstNumber + secondNumber;

7
 /* Subtracting two numbers */
difference = firstNumber - secondNumber;
/* Multiplying two numbers*/
product = firstNumber * secondNumber;
/* Dividing two numbers by typecasting one operand to
float*/ quotient = (float)firstNumber / secondNumber;
/* returns remainder of after an integer
division */ square = firstNumber *firstNumber;

printf("\nSum = %d", sum);

printf("\nDifference = %d", difference);
printf("\nMultiplication = %d", product);
printf("\nDivision = %.3f", quotient);
printf("\n Square= %ld", square);

getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT

Enter First Number: 25

Enter Second Number: 4

Sum = 29
Difference = 21
Multiplication = 100
Division = 6.250
Square = 625

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Arithmetic operations was executed and the output was
obtained.

8
EX.No. : 5 Armstrong number

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Check whether a given number is Armstrong

number or not .

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the Input number.
4. Calculate sum of cubic of individual digits of the input.
5. Match the result with input number.
6. If match, Display the given number is Armstrong otherwise not.
7. Stop

PROGRAM

/*

* C Program to Check whether a given Number is

Armstrong */

#include <stdio.h>

#include <math.h>

void main()

int number, sum = 0, rem = 0, cube = 0, temp;

9
 printf ("enter a number");

scanf("%d", &number);

temp = number;

while (number != 0)

rem = number % 10;

cube = pow(rem, 3);

sum = sum + cube;

number = number / 10;

if (sum == temp)

printf ("The given no is armstrong no");

else

printf ("The given no is not a armstrong no");

OUTPUT
enter a number370
The given no is armstrong no

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Armstrong number checking was executed and the
output was obtained.

10
EX.No. : 6 Sort the numbers based on the weight.

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to perform the following:

Given a set of numbers like <10, 36, 54, 89, 12, 27>, find sum of weights
based on the following conditions
 5 if it is a perfect cube
 4 if it is a multiple of 4 and divisible by 6
 3 if it is a prime number
Sort the numbers based on the weight in the increasing order as shown
below <10,its weight>,<36,its weight><89,its weight>

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the number of elements .
4. Get the individual elements.
5. Calculate the weight for each element by the
conditions  5 if it is a perfect cube (pow)
 4 if it is a multiple of 4 and divisible by 6 (modulus
operator)  3 if it is a prime number(modulus operator)
6. Display the output of the weight calculations after sorting .
7. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
void main()
{
int nArray[50],wArray[50],nelem,i,j,t;

11
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the number of elements in an
array : "); scanf("%d",&nelem);
printf("\nEnter %d elements\n",nelem);
for(i=0;i<nelem;i++)
scanf("%d",&nArray[i]);
//Calculate the weight
for(i=0; i<nelem; i++)
{
wArray[i] = 0;
if(percube(nArray[i]))
wArray[i] = wArray[i] + 5;

if(nArray[i]%4==0 && nArray[i]%6==0)

wArray[i] = wArray[i] + 4;

if(prime(nArray[i]))
wArray[i] = wArray[i] + 3;

}
/ Sorting an array
for(i=0;i<nelem;i+
+)
for(j=i+1;j<nelem;j++)
if(wArray[i] >
wArray[j])
{
t = wArray[i];
wArray[i] =
wArray[j]; wArray[j]
= t;
}

for(i=0; i<nelem; i++) printf("<%d,%d>\

n", nArray[i],wArray[i]); getch();

int prime(int num)

{
int flag=1,i;
for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++)
if(num%i==0)
{
flag=0;
break;
}
return flag;
}
int percube(int num)
{
int i,flag=0;

12
 for(i=2;i<=num/2;i++)
if((i*i*i)==num)
{
flag=1;
break;
}
return flag;
}

OUTPUT
Enter the number of elements in an array :5
Enter 5 elements:
8
11
216
24
34

<34,0>
<11,3>
<24,4>
<8,5>
<216,9>
Explanation:
 8 is a perfect cube of 2, not a prime number and not a multiple of 4 & divisible of 6 so the
answer is 5
 11 is a prime number so the answer is 3
 216 is a perfect cube and multiple of 4 & divisible by 6 so the answer is 5+4 = 9
 24 is not a perfect cube and not a prime number and multiple of 4 & divisible by 6 so
the answer is 4
 34 not satisfied all the conditions so the answer is 0

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Sort the numbers based on the weight was executed and
the output was obtained.

13
EX.No. : 7 Average height of persons

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to populate an array with height of persons and

find how many persons are above the average height.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the total number of persons and their height.
4. Calculate avg=sum/n and find number of persons their h>avg.
5. Display the output of the calculations .
6. Stop

PROGRAM

/* Get a Height of Different Persons and find how many

of them are are above average */
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void main()
{
int i,n,sum=0,count=0,height[100];
float avg;
clrscr();
//Read Number of persons
printf("Enter the Number of Persons : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
//Read the height of n persons
printf("\nEnter the Height of each person in centimeter\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
scanf("%d",&height[i]);
sum = sum + height[i];
}
avg = (float)sum/n;

14
//Counting
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
if(height[i]>avg)
count++;
//display
printf("\nAverage Height of %d persons is : %.2f\n",n,avg);
printf("\nThe number of persons above average : %d ",count);
getch();
}

OUTPUT
Enter the Number of Persons : 5

Enter the Height of each person in centimeter

150
155
162
158
154

Average Height of 5 persons is : 155.8

The number of persons above average : 2

RESULT

Thus a C Program average height of persons was executed and the output
was obtained.

15
EX.No. : 8 Body Mass Index of the individuals

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Populate a two dimensional array with height and

weight of persons and compute the Body Mass Index of the individuals..

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the number of persons and their height and weight.
4. Calculate BMI=W/H2for each person
5. Display the output of the BMI for each person.
6. Stop

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

int main(void){

int n,i,j;

printf("How many people's BMI do you want to

calculate?\n"); scanf("%d",&n);

float massheight[n][2];
float bmi[n];

for(i=0;i<n;i++){

for(j=0;j<2;j++){

switch(j){
case 0:
printf("\nPlease enter the mass of the person %d in kg:
",i+1); scanf("%f",&massheight[i][0]);
break;

16
 case 1:
printf("\nPlease enter the height of the person %d in meter:
",i+1); scanf("%f",&massheight[i][1]);
break;}

}
}

for(i=0;i<n;i++){
bmi[i]=massheight[i][0]/pow(massheight[i]
[1],2.0); printf("Person %d's BMI is %f\
n",i+1,bmi[i]);
}

return 0;
}

OUTPUT
How many people's BMI do you want to calculate?
2
Please enter the mass of the person 1 in kg: 88
Please enter the height of the person 1 in meter: 1.8288

Please enter the mass of the person 2 in

kg:58 Please enter the height of the person 2
in meter: 2.2

Person 1's BMI is26.31178

Person 2's BMI is11.98347

RESULT

Thus a C Program Body Mass Index of the individuals was executed and the
output was obtained.

17
EX.No. : 9 Reverse of a given string

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to perform reverse without changing the position

of special characters for the given string.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables .
3. Read a String.
4. Check each character of string for alphabets or a special character
by using isAlpha() .
5. Change the position of a character vice versa if it is alphabet
otherwise remains same.
6. Repeat step 4 until reach to the mid of the position of a string.
7. Display the output of the reverse string without changing the position
of special characters .
8. Stop

PROGRAM
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <conio.h>
void swap(char *a, char *b)
{
char t;
t = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = t;
}

/ Main
program void
main()
{
char str[100];

18
 // Function
Prototype void
reverse(char *); int
isAlpha(char);
void swap(char *a ,char
*b); clrscr();
printf("Enter the Given String : ");
/ scanf("%[^\n]s",str);
gets(str);
reverse(str);
printf("\nReverse String :
%s",str); getch();
}

void reverse(char str[100])

{
/ Initialize left and right
pointers int r = strlen(str) - 1,
l = 0;

/ Traverse string from both ends until

/ 'l' and 'r'
while (l < r)
{
/ Ignore special
characters if (!
isAlpha(str[l]))
l++;
else if(!
isAlpha(str[r]))
r--;

else
{
swap(&str[l], &str[r]);
l++;
r--;
}
}
}

// To check x is alphabet or not if it an alphabet then return 0 else 1

int isAlpha(char x)
{
return ( (x >= 'A' && x <= 'Z') ||
(x >= 'a' && x <= 'z') );
}

19
OUTPUT

Enter the Given String :a@gh%;j

Reverse String :j@hg%;a

RESULT

Thus a C Program for reverse of a given String was executed and the output
was obtained.

20
EX.No. : 10 Conversion of Decimal number into other bases

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Convert the given decimal number into binary,

octal and hexadecimal numbers using user defined functions.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables.
3. Read a decimal number.
4. Develop the procedure for conversion of different base by modulus
and divide operator.
5. Display the output of the conversion value.
6. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void swap(char *s1, char *s2)
{
char temp;
temp = *s1;
*s1 = *s2;
*s2 = temp;
}
void reverse(char *str, int length)
{
int start = 0;
int end = length -1;
while (start < end)
{
swap(&str[start], &str[end]);
start++;
end--;
}
}

21
char* convert(int num, char str[100], int base)
{
int i = 0;
if (num == 0)
{
str[i++] = '0';
str[i] = '\0';
return str;
}
while (num != 0)
{
int rem = num % base;
str[i++] = (rem > 9)? (rem-10) + 'a' : rem + '0';
num = num/base;
}
str[i] = '\0'; // Append string terminator
/ Reverse the
string reverse(str,
i); return str;
}
void main()
{
char
str[100]; int
n; clrscr();

printf("Enter the given decimal

number : "); scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nThe Binary value : %s\n",convert(n,str,2));
printf("\nThe Octal value : %s\n",convert(n,str,8));
printf("\nThe Hexa value : %s\
n",convert(n,str,16)); getch();
}

OUTPUT

Enter the given decimal number : 555

The Binary value : 1000101011
The Octal value : 1053
The Hexa value : 22B

RESULT

Thus a C Program for conversion of decimal number into other bases was
executed and the output was obtained.

22
EX.No. : 11 String operations

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to perform string operations on a given paragraph

for the
following using built-in functions:
a. Find the total number of words.
b. Capitalize the first word of each sentence.
c. Replace a given word with another word.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the text.
4. Display the menu options
5. Compare each character with tab char „\t‟ or space char „ „ to count no
of words
6. Find the first word of each sentence to capitalize by checks to see if a
character is a punctuation mark used to denote the end of a sentence. (! .
?)
7. Replace the word in the text by user specific word if match.
8. Display the output of the calculations .
9. Repeat the step 4 till choose the option stop.
10. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
void replace (char *, char *, char *);
int main()
{
char choice.str[200];
int i, words;
char s_string[200], r_string[200];
/* Input text from user */
printf("Enter any text:\n ");
gets(str);

23
 d
o
{
printf("\n1. Find the total number of words \n");
printf("2. Capitalize the first word of each sentence \n");
printf("3. Replace a given word with another word \n");
printf("4. Stop\n");
printf("Enter your choice : ");
choice=getchar();
switch(choice)
{
case '1' :
i = 0;
words = 1;

/* Runs a loop till end of text */

while(str[i] != '\0')
{
/* If the current character(str[i]) is white
space */ if(str[i]==' ' || str[i]=='\n' ||
str[i]=='\t')
{
words++;
}

i++;
}

printf("\nTotal number of words = %d",

words); break;

case '2' :

i = 0;
/* Runs a loop till end of text */
while(str[i] != '\0')
{
/* Checks to see if a character is a punctuation mark used to
denote the end of a sentence.
(! . ?) */
if(str[i]=='!' || str[i]=='.' || str[i]=='?')
{
i++;
while(str[i]!=' ' || str[i]!='\n' || str[i]!='\t || str[i] != '\0'‟)
{putchar (toupper(str[++i]));
i++;
}
}
else
putchar (str[i]);

i++;

24
 }
break;
case '3' :

/*Get the search and replace string from the user.

 Write a user defined function to replace the first occurrence of the search string with the
replace string.
 Recursively call the function until there is no occurrence of the search string.*/

printf("\nPlease enter the string to

search: "); fflush(stdin);
gets(s_string);

printf("\nPlease enter the replace string ");

fflush(stdin);
gets(r_string);

replace(str, s_string, r_string);

puts(str);

break;
case '4' :
exit(0);
}
printf("\nPress any key to continue....");
getch();
}
while(choice!=‟4‟);

return 0;
}

void replace(char * str, char * s_string, char *

r_string) { //a buffer variable to do all replace
things
char buffer[200];
//to store the pointer returned from strstr
char * ch;

//first exit condition

if(!(ch = strstr(str, s_string)))
return;

//copy all the content to buffer before the first occurrence of the
search string strncpy(buffer, str, ch-str);

//prepare the buffer for appending by adding a null to the end of it

25
 buffer[ch-str] = 0;

//append using sprintf function

sprintf(buffer+(ch -str), "%s%s", r_string, ch + strlen(s_string));

//empty str for copying

str[0] = 0;
strcpy(str, buffer);
//pass recursively to replace other
occurrences return replace(str, s_string,
r_string);
}

OUTPUT
Enter any text:
I like C and C++ programming!

1. Find the total number of words

2. Capitalize the first word of each sentence
3. Replace a given word with another word
4. Stop
Enter your choice : 1
Total number of words = 6

Press any key to continue....

1. Find the total number of words
2. Capitalize the first word of each sentence
3. Replace a given word with another word
4. Stop
Enter your choice : 4

RESULT

Thus a C Program String operations was executed and the output was
obtained.

26
EX.No. : 12 Towers of Hanoi using

Recursion

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Solve towers of Hanoi using recursion.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the Input for number of discs.
4. Check the condition for each transfer of discs using recursion.
5. Display the output of the each move .
6. Stop

PROGRAM

/*
Rules of Tower of Hanoi:

 Only a single disc is allowed to be transferred at a time.

 Each transfer or move should consist of taking the upper disk from one of
the stacks and then placing it on the top of another stack i.e. only a
topmost disk on the stack can be moved.
 Larger disk cannot be placed over smaller disk; placing of disk
should be in increasing order.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
void towerofhanoi(int n, char from, char to, char aux)
{
if (n == 1)
{
printf("\n Move disk 1 from peg %c to peg %c", from, to);
return;
}
towerofhanoi(n-1, from, aux, to);
printf("\n Move disk %d from peg %c to peg %c", n,
from, to); towerofhanoi(n-1, aux, to, from); }

27
int main()
{
int n;
clrscr();
printf("Enter the number of disks : ");
scanf("%d",&n); // Number of disks
towerofhanoi(n, 'A', 'C', 'B'); // A, B and C are names of peg
getch();
return 0;
}

OUTPUT
Enter the number of disks : 3
Move disk 1 from peg A to peg C
Move disk 2 from peg A to peg B
Move disk 1 from peg C to peg B
Move disk 3 from peg A to peg C
Move disk 1 from peg B to peg A
Move disk 2 from peg B to peg C
Move disk 1 from peg A to peg C

RESULT

Thus a C Program Towers of Hanoi using Recursion was executed and the
output was obtained.

28
EX.No. : 13 Sorting using pass by reference

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Sort the list of numbers using pass by

reference.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables and create an array
3. Read the Input for number of elements and each element.
4. Develop a function to sort the array by passing reference
5. Compare the elements in each pass till all the elements are sorted.
6. Display the output of the sorted elements .
7. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>

void main()
{
int n,a[100],i;
void sortarray(int*,int);
clrscr();
printf("\nEnter the Number of Elements in an
array : "); scanf("%d",&n);
printf("\nEnter the Array elements\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d",&a[i]);
sortarray(a,n);
printf("\nAfter Sorting....\n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf("%d\n",a[i]);
getch();
}

29
void sortarray(int* arr,int num)
{
int i,j,temp;
for(i=0;i<num;i++)
for(j=i+1;j<num;j++)
if(arr[i] > arr[j])
{
temp=arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = temp;
}
}

OUTPUT

Enter the Number of Elements in an

array : 5 Enter the Array elements 33

67
21
45
11
After Sorting....
11
21
33
45
67

RESULT

Thus a C Program Sorting using pass by reference was executed and the
output was obtained.

30
EX.No. : 14 Salary slip of employees

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Generate salary slip of employees using

structures and pointers.
ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the number of employees .
4. Read allowances, deductions and basic for each employee.
5. Calculate net pay= (basic+ allowances)-deductions
6. Display the output of the Pay slip calculations for each employee.
7. Stop

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include "stdlib.h"
struct emp
{
int empno ;
char name[10], answer ;
int bpay, allow, ded, npay ;
struct emp *next;
};
void main()
{
int I,n=0;
int more_data = 1;
struct emp e *current_ptr, *head_ptr;
clrscr() ;
head_ptr = (struct emp *) malloc (sizeof(struct emp));
current_ptr = head_ptr;
while (more_data)
{
{
printf("\nEnter the employee number : ") ;
scanf("%d", & current_ptr->empno) ;
printf("\nEnter the name : ") ;

31
 scanf("%s",& current_ptr->name) ;
printf("\nEnter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : ") ;
scanf("%d %d %d", & current_ptr ->bpay, & current_ptr ->allow, &
current_ptr - >ded) ;
e[i].npay = e[i].bpay + e[i].allow -
e[i].ded ; n++;
printf("Would you like to add another employee?
(y/n): "); scanf("%s", answer);

if (answer!= 'Y')
{
current_ptr->next = (struct eme *) NULL;
more_data = 0;
}
else
{
current_ptr->next = (struct emp *) malloc (sizeof(struct
emp)); current_ptr = current_ptr->next;
}

}
}
printf("\nEmp. No. Name \t Bpay \t Allow \t Ded \t Npay \n\n") ;
current_ptr = head_ptr;
for(i = 0 ; i < n ; i++)
{
printf("%d \t %s \t %d \t %d \t %d \t %d \n", current_ptr->empno,
current_ptr->name, current_ptr->bpay, current_ptr->allow, current_ptr-
>ded,
current_ptr->npay) ;
current_ptr=current_ptr->next;
}
getch() ;
}

OUTPUT

Enter the number of employees : 2

Enter the employee number : 101
Enter the name : Arun
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 5000 1000 250

32
Enter the employee number : 102
Enter the name : Babu
Enter the basic pay, allowances & deductions : 7000 1500 750
Emp.No. Name Bpay Allow Ded Npay
101 Arun 5000 1000 250 5750
102 Babu 7000 1500 750 7750

RESULT

Thus a C Program Salary slip of employees was executed and the output was
obtained.

33
EX.No. : 15 Internal marks of students

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Compute internal marks of students for five

different subjects using structures and functions.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Read the number of students .
4. Read the student mark details
5. Calculate internal mark by i=total of three test marks / 3 for each
subject per student.
6. Display the output of the calculations for all the students .
7. Stop

PROGRAM
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
struct stud{
char name[20];
long int rollno;
int marks[5,3];
int i[5];

}students[10];
void calcinternal(int);
int main(){
int a,b,j,n;
clrscr();
printf("How many students : \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(a=0;a<n;++a){
clrscr();
printf("\n\nEnter the details of %d student : ", a+1);

34
 printf("\n\nEnter student %d Name : ", a);
scanf("%s", students[a].name); printf("\n\
nEnter student %d Roll Number : ", a);
scanf("%ld", &students[a].rollno);
total=0;
for(b=0;b<=4;++b){
for(j=0;j<=2;++j){
printf("\n\nEnter the test %d mark of subject-%d : ",j+1,
b+1); scanf("%d", &students[a].marks[b,j]); }

}
}
calcinternal(n);
for(a=0;a<n;++a){
clrscr();
printf("\n\n\t\t\t\tMark Sheet\n");
printf("\nName of Student : %s", students[a].name);
printf("\t\t\t\t Roll No : %ld", students[a].rollno);
printf("\n------------------------------------------------------------------------");
for(b=0;b<5;b++){
printf("\n\n\t Subject %d internal \t\t :\t %d", b+1, students[a].i[b]);
}
printf("\n\n------------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
getch();
}
return(0);
}

void calcinternal(int n)
{
int a,b,j,total;
for(a=1;a<=n;++a){
for(b=0;b<5;b++){
total=0;
for(j=0;j<=2;++j){
total += students[a].marks[b,j];
}
students[a].i[b]=total/3;
}
}
}

OUTPUT

How many students : 1

Enter the details of 1 student :
Enter student 1 Name : H.Xerio
Enter student 1 Roll Number : 536435
Enter the test 1mark of subject-1 : 46

35
Enter the test 2 mark of subject-1 : 56
Enter the test 3 mark of subject-1 : 76
Enter the test 1 mark of subject-2 : 85
Enter the test 2mark of subject-2 : 75
Enter the test 3mark of subject-2 : 75
Enter the test 1mark of subject-3 : 66
Enter the test 2 mark of subject-3 : 86
Enter the test 3 mark of subject-3 : 70
Enter the test 1 mark of subject-4 : 25
Enter the test 2mark of subject-4 : 35
Enter the test 3mark of subject-4 : 61
Enter the test 1 mark of subject-5 : 45
Enter the test 2mark of subject-5 : 75
Enter the test 3mark of subject-5 : 60

Mark Sheet
Name of Student : H.Xerio Roll No : 536435
------------------------------------------------------------------------
subjec
t 1 internal : 59
subjec
t 2 internal : 78
subjec
t 3 internal : 74
subjec
t 4 internal : 40
subjec
t 5 internal : 60
------------------------------------------------------------------------

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Internal marks of students was executed and the
output was obtained.
36
EX.No. : 16 Telephone directory

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to add, delete ,display ,Search and exit options for
telephone details of an individual into a telephone directory using
random access file.

ALGORITHM

1. Start.
2. Declare variables, File pointer and phonebook structures.
3. Create menu options.
4. Read the option .
5. Develop procedures for each option.
6. Call the procedure (Add, delete ,display ,Search and exit)for user chosen
option.
7. Display the message for operations performed.
8. Stop

PROGRAM

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

typedef struct Phonebook_Contacts

{
char FirstName[20];
char LastName[20];
char PhoneNumber[20];
} phone;

void AddEntry(phone * );
void DeleteEntry(phone * );
void PrintEntry(phone * );
void SearchForNumber(phone * );

37
int counter = 0;
char FileName[256];
FILE *pRead;
FILE *pWrite;

int main (void)

{
phone *phonebook;
phonebook = (phone*)
malloc(sizeof(phone)*100); int iSelection = 0;

if (phonebook == NULL)
{

printf("Out of Memory. The program will now exit");

return 1;
}
else {}

do
{
printf("\n\t\t\tPhonebook Menu");
printf("\n\n\t(1)\tAdd Friend"); printf("\n\
t(2)\tDelete Friend"); printf("\n\t(3)\
tDisplay Phonebook Entries"); printf("\n\
t(4)\tSearch for Phone Number");
printf("\n\t(5)\tExit Phonebook");
printf("\n\nWhat would you like to do?
"); scanf("%d", &iSelection);

if (iSelection == 1)
{
AddEntry(phonebook);
}

if (iSelection == 2)
{
DeleteEntry(phonebook);
}

if (iSelection == 3)
{
PrintEntry(phonebook);

38
 }

if (iSelection == 4)
{
SearchForNumber(phonebook);
}

if (iSelection == 5)
{
printf("\nYou have chosen to exit the
Phonebook.\n"); return 0;
}
} while (iSelection <= 4);
}

void AddEntry (phone * phonebook)

{
pWrite = fopen("phonebook_contacts.dat", "a");
if ( pWrite == NULL )
{
perror("The following error occurred ");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
{
counter++;
realloc(phonebook, sizeof(phone));

printf("\nFirst Name: ");

scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-
1].FirstName); printf("Last Name: ");
scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-1].LastName);
printf("Phone Number (XXX-XXX-XXXX): ");
scanf("%s", phonebook[counter-
1].PhoneNumber); printf("\n\tFriend successfully
added to Phonebook\n");

fprintf(pWrite, "%s\t%s\t%s\n", phonebook[counter-1].FirstName,

phonebook[counter-1].LastName, phonebook[counter-
1].PhoneNumber);
fclose(pWrite);
}
}

void DeleteEntry (phone * phonebook)

{
int x = 0;

39
 int i = 0;
char deleteFirstName[20]; //
char deleteLastName[20];

printf("\nFirst name: ");

scanf("%s", deleteFirstName);
printf("Last name: ");
scanf("%s", deleteLastName);

for (x = 0; x < counter; x++)

{
if (strcmp(deleteFirstName, phonebook[x].FirstName) == 0)
{
if (strcmp(deleteLastName, phonebook[x].LastName) == 0)
{
for ( i = x; i < counter - 1; i++ )
{
strcpy(phonebook[i].FirstName, phonebook[i+1].FirstName);
strcpy(phonebook[i].LastName, phonebook[i+1].LastName);
strcpy(phonebook[i].PhoneNumber,
phonebook[i+1].PhoneNumber);
}
printf("Record deleted from the phonebook.\n\n");
--counter;
return;
}
}
}

printf("That contact was not found, please try again.");

}

void PrintEntry (phone * phonebook)

{
int x = 0;

printf("\nPhonebook Entries:\n\n ");

pRead = fopen("phonebook_contacts.dat", "r");
if ( pRead == NULL)
{
perror("The following error occurred: ");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
else
{
for( x = 0; x < counter; x++)
{
printf("\n(%d)\n", x+1);
printf("Name: %s %s\n", phonebook[x].FirstName,
phonebook[x].LastName);
printf("Number: %s\n", phonebook[x].PhoneNumber);
}

40
 }
fclose(pRead);
}

void SearchForNumber (phone * phonebook)

{
int x = 0;
char TempFirstName[20];
char TempLastName[20];

printf("\nPlease type the name of the friend you wish to find a number
for.");
printf("\n\nFirst Name: ");
scanf("%s", TempFirstName);
printf("Last Name: ");
scanf("%s", TempLastName);
for (x = 0; x < counter; x++)
{
if (strcmp(TempFirstName, phonebook[x].FirstName) == 0)
{
if (strcmp(TempLastName, phonebook[x].LastName) == 0)
{

printf("\n%s %s's phone number is %s\n",

phonebook[x].FirstName, phonebook[x].LastName,
phonebook[x].PhoneNumber);
}
}
}
}

OUTPUT

Phonebook Menu
(1) Add Friend
(2) Delete Friend"
(3) Display Phonebook Entries
(4) Search for Phone Number
(5) Exit Phonebook

What would you like to do? 1

First Name: Ram
Last Name: Mohan
Phone Number (XXX-XXX-XXXX): 717-675-0909

Friend successfully added to Phonebook

41
 Phonebook Menu
(1) Add Friend
(2) Delete Friend"

(3) Display Phonebook Entries

(4) Search for Phone Number
(5) Exit Phonebook

What would you like to do? 5

You have chosen to exit the Phonebook.

RESULT

Thus a C Program was executed and the output was obtained.

42
EX.No. : 17 Banking Application

DATE :

AIM

To write a C Program to Count the number of account holders whose

balance is less than the minimum balance using sequential access file.

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables and file pointer.
3. Display the menu options.
4. Read the Input for transaction processing.
5. Check the validation for the input data.
6. Display the output of the calculations .
7. Repeat step 3 until choose to stop.
8. Stop

PROGRAM
/* Count the number of account holders whose balance is less than the
minimum balance using sequential access file.
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <string.h>
#define MINBAL 500
struct Bank_Account
{
char no[10];
char name[20];
char balance[15];
};
struct Bank_Account acc;
void main()
{
long int pos1,pos2,pos;

43
FILE *fp;
char *ano,*amt;
char choice;
int type,flag=0;
float bal;
do
{
clrscr();
fflush(stdin);
printf("1. Add a New Account Holder\n");
printf("2. Display\n");
printf("3. Deposit or Withdraw\n");
printf("4. Number of Account Holder Whose Balance is less than the
Minimum Balance\n");
printf("5. Stop\n");
printf("Enter your choice : ");
choice=getchar();
switch(choice)
{
case '1' :
fflush(stdin);
fp=fopen("acc.dat","a");
printf("\nEnter the Account Number : ");
gets(acc.no);
printf("\nEnter the Account Holder Name
: "); gets(acc.name);
printf("\nEnter the Initial Amount to deposit : ");
gets(acc.balance);
fseek(fp,0,2);
fwrite(&acc,sizeof(acc),1,fp);
fclose(fp);
break;
case '2' :
fp=fopen("acc.dat","r");
if(fp==NULL)
printf("\nFile is Empty");
else
{
printf("\nA/c Number\tA/c Holder Name Balance\
n"); while(fread(&acc,sizeof(acc),1,fp)==1)
printf("%-10s\t\t%-20s\t%s\
n",acc.no,acc.name,acc.balance); fclose(fp);
}
break;
case '3' :
fflush(stdin);
flag=0;
fp=fopen("acc.dat","r+");
printf("\nEnter the Account Number : ");
gets(ano);

44
 for(pos1=ftell(fp);fread(&acc,sizeof(acc),1,fp)==1;pos1=ftell(fp))
{
if(strcmp(acc.no,ano)==0)
{
printf("\nEnter the Type 1 for deposit & 2 for
withdraw : "); scanf("%d",&type);
printf("\nYour Current Balance is : %s",acc.balance);
printf("\nEnter the Amount to transact : ");
fflush(stdin);
gets(amt);
if(type==1)
bal = atof(acc.balance) + atof(amt);
else
{
bal = atof(acc.balance) - atof(amt);
if(bal<0)
{
printf("\nRs.%s Not available in your A/c\n",amt);
flag=2;
break;
}
}
flag++;
break;
}

}
if(flag==1)
{
pos2=ftell(fp);
pos = pos2-pos1;
fseek(fp,-pos,1);
sprintf(amt,"%.2f",bal);
strcpy(acc.balance,amt);
fwrite(&acc,sizeof(acc),1,fp);
}
else if(flag==0)
printf("\nA/c Number Not exits... Check it again");
fclose(fp);
break;

case '4' :
fp=fopen("acc.dat","r");
flag=0;
while(fread(&acc,sizeof(acc),1,fp)==1)
{
bal = atof(acc.balance);
if(bal<MINBAL)
flag++;

45
 }
printf("\nThe Number of Account Holder whose Balance less than the Minimum
Balance :
%d",flag);
fclose(fp);
break;
case '5'
:
fclose(fp);
exit(0);

}
printf("\nPress any key to continue....");
getch();
} while (choice!='5');
}

OUTPUT
1. Add a New Account Holder
2. Display
3. Deposit or Withdraw
4. Number of Account Holder Whose Balance is less than the Minimum
Balance
5. Stop
Enter your choice : 1
Enter the Account Number : 547898760
Enter the Account Holder Name : Rajan
Enter the Initial Amount to deposit : 2000
Press any key to continue....

1. Add a New Account Holder

2. Display
3. Deposit or Withdraw
4. Number of Account Holder Whose Balance is less than the Minimum
Balance
5. Stop
Enter your choice : 4
The Number of Account Holder whose Balance less than the Minimum
Balance : 0

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Banking Application was executed and the output was
obtained.
46
EX.No. : 18 Railway reservation system

DATE :

AIM
Create a Railway reservation system in C with the following modules
 Booking
 Availability checking
 Cancellation
 Prepare chart

ALGORITHM

1. Start
2. Declare variables
3. Display the menu options
4. Read the option.
5. Develop the code for each option.
6. Display the output of the selected option based on existence .
7. Stop

PROGRAM

#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
int first=5,second=5,thired=5;
struct node
{
int ticketno;
int phoneno;
char name[100];
char address[100];
}s[15];

int i=0;
void booking()
{
printf("enter your details");

47
printf("\nname:");
scanf("%s",s[i].name);
printf("\nphonenumber:");
scanf("%d",&s[i].phoneno);
printf("\naddress:");
scanf("%s",s[i].address);
printf("\nticketnumber only 1-10:");
scanf("%d",&s[i].ticketno);
i++;
}
void availability()
{
int c;
printf("availability cheking");
printf("\n1.first class\n2.second class\n3.thired
class\n"); printf("enter the option");
scanf("%d",&c);
switch(c)
{
case 1:if(first>0)
{
printf("seat available\n");
first--;
}
else
{
printf("seat not available");
}
break;
case 2: if(second>0)
{
printf("seat available\n");
second--;
}
else
{
printf("seat not available");
}
break;
case 3:if(thired>0)
{
printf("seat available\n");
thired--;
}
else
{
printf("seat not available");
}
break;
default:

48
 break;
}
}
void cancel()
{
int c;
printf("cancel\n");
printf("which class you want to cancel");
printf("\n1.first class\n2.second class\n3.thired
class\n"); printf("enter the option");
scanf("%d",c);
switch(c)
{
case 1:
first++;
break;
case 2:
second++;
break;
case 3:
thired++;
break;
default:
break;
}
printf("ticket is canceled");
}
void chart()
{
int c;
for(c=0;c<I;c++)
{
printf(“\n Ticket No\t Name\n”);
printf(“%d\t%s\
n”,s[c].ticketno,s[c].name)
}
}
main()
{
int n;
clrscr();
printf("welcome to railway ticket
reservation\n"); while(1) {
printf("1.booking\n2.availability cheking\n3.cancel\n4.Chart \n5. Exit\
nenter your option:");
scanf("%d",&n);
switch(n)
{
case 1: booking();
break;
case 2: availability();

49
 break;
case 3: cancel();
break;
case 4:
chart();
break;
case 5:
printf(“\n Thank you visit again!”);
getch();
exit(0);
default:
break;
}
}
getch();
}

OUTPUT

welcome to railway ticket reservation

1.booking
2.availability cheking
3.cancel
4.Chart
5. Exit
enter your option: 2
availability cheking
1.first class
2.second class
3.thired class
enter the option 1
seat available
1.booking
2.availability cheking
3.cancel
4.Chart
5. Exit
enter your option: 5
Thank you visit again!

RESULT

Thus a C Program for Railway reservation system was executed and the
output was obtained.

50