ISSN:2229-6093

Deepak Chayal et al, Int. J. Comp. Tech. Appl., Vol 2 (4), 803-806

Security Enhancement in MANET with 4G

Mr. Deepak Chayal*, Dr. Vijay Singh Rathore** Research Scholar*, Professor** Department of Computer Science, NIMS University, Jaipur* Department of Computer Science, S.K. College, Jaipur**

ABSTRACT
Ad hoc networks seem to have commercial potential in business meeting places, hotspots, home environments and personal areas allowing fast exchange of documents during meetings, exchange of data when playing games in a group of users and connecting home appliance among other uses. In the context of the heterogeneous and integrated 4G environment, ad hoc networking is considered an important solution to extend the radio coverage of wireless systems and multimedia Internet services to wireless environments. 4G Technology is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and service offers in the 3G. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. As the need for fastest communication is the foremost priority of present era also the need of quick data transfer, distant business correspondence by sharing data becomes very important. In this paper, weve dealt with the primary challenge of building security in MANETs and also maintain the information required to properly route traffic. Along with this, we have also discussed about the potentials of 4G technology.

1. Introduction to Available Wireless Technologies

Traditionally, the service provision in 2G networks, e.g. GSM, has been mainly based on voice services, closed business model support and limited operator differentiation due to a narrow set of offered services. Actually, mobile service provision is facing important advancements towards more flexible business models, with the introduction of new 2.5G/3G generations of mobile communication systems, like GPRS, UMTS and CDMA2000. Unfortunately, these 2.5/3G networks entail limitations to fulfill requirements imposed by current mobile users specially with the anytime, anywhere with anybody type of communication. Since 1970s,

the research of ad hoc networking was mainly large scale networks for emergency/rescue and military purposes respectively for disaster and battlefield communication applications. Large scale isolated ad hoc networks are not suited to transport a large amount of data due to their very low traffic performance, slow topology convergence and security problems. However, these could be used to transport very urgent short messages (e.g. to inform about the location of an accident or to transmit tactical commands). Since 1990s, small isolated ad hoc networking has been experiencing a growing interest in the commercial and residential areas due the proliferation of small information computational devices and the emerging wireless technologies (IEEE 802.11, Bluetooth). This development is driven by the need to exchange digital information among people in direct contact enabled by ad hoc networking among a number or wireless nodes. Small In the context of the heterogeneous and integrated 4G environment, ad hoc networking is considered an important solution to extend the radio coverage of wireless systems and multimedia Internet services to wireless environments [1],[2]. In these integrated ad hoc networks mobile ad hoc hosts and routers can gain Third/fourth generation cellular networks (3G/4G) are broadband wireless mobile networks that has evolved from the 1st to the 2nd and 3rd generation networks. The still evolving 4th generation network is expected to be deployed in later 2011.

2. The Fourth Generation Technology

4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology. 4G Technology is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and service offers in the 3G. The expectation for the 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet Protocol. If the Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia sub-system movement achieves what

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it going to do, nothing of this possibly will matter. 4G is intended to provide: High speed High capacity Low cost per bit IP based services for video, data and voice (VoIP). 4G is all about integrated, global network that is based on an open system approach. At the moment we have several technologies each capable of performing some of functions like broadband data access in mobile or nomadic environment, supporting voice traffic using voice over IP etc[3]. But what we really need is a deployment of new technologies that allow merging, bridging and integrating all these repeated system into an information delivery system of the twenty first century. 4G stands for Fourth Generation and is the latest technology with high speed transferability of data with security measurements. It is coming with wireless broadband for the instant download. Talking about the standard of 4G technology, so far, two technologies are supposed to be the features of 4G.

2.1.WiMAX
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access previously worked as fixed wireless facility under the 802.16e band. Now the modified standard 802.16m has been developed with the properties of speed, wide spectrum, and increase bandwidth. 4G has an advantage of having the WiMAX as a product because IEEE has introduced and released it already, therefore its economic as there is no need to pay for its manufacturing price. 4G supports two basic equipments;W iMAX Network system (network infrastructure) and mobile phone set. Smartphones with Wireless Access introduced in the market are the model 4G mobiles. These smartphones are equipped with the wireless internet accessibility and there is no fear of losing connection while travel from one tower to another tower range. WiMAX or mobile structural design will become progressively more translucent, and therefore the acceptance of several architectures by a particular network operator ever more common.

LTE is developed on radio waves technology. This not only increases the speed but also the amount of data allowed through the same bandwidth and results into lower cost. As LTE is compatible with 3G technology so, it not only increases the speed but also prevents the need of new network and can work through the same infrastructure. LTE will not only support the functions of 3G but also incorporate some newer ones. LTE is using MIMO (Multiple input multiple output) and is able to send and receive huge data. It is negative in the sense that it will overload the base stations networks. 4G Technology offers high data rates that will generate new trends for the market and prospects for established as well as for new telecommunication businesses. 4G networks, when tied together with mobile phones with in-built higher resolution digital cameras and also High Definition capabilities will facilitate video blogs. After successful implementation, 4G technology is likely to enable ubiquitous computing, that will simultaneously connect to numerous high data speed networks offering faultless handoffs all over the geographical regions. Many network operators possibly utilize technologies for example; wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio network to guarantee secure connection & competently allocates equally network traffic and bandwidth.

3. Security Enhancement in MANET with 4G

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET), sometimes called a mobile mesh network, is a self-configuring network of mobile devices connected by wireless links. Each device in a MANET is free to move independently in any direction, and will therefore change its links to other devices frequently. Each must forward traffic unrelated to its own use, and therefore be a router. The primary challenge in building a MANET is equipping each device to continuously maintain the information required to properly route traffic. Authentication research has determined that for a positive identification, elements from at least two, and preferably all three, factors be verified. The three factors (classes) and some of elements of each factor are:

2.2. LTE 3.1.The Ownership Factors:

Parallel to WiMAX, LTE (Long Term Evolution) is introduced by Verizon. LTE is considered to be promising high data transfer speed. LTE is supposed to provide internet facility using both systems. It has the ability of transition from one mode to another. Something the user has (e.g., wrist band, ID card, security token, software token, phone, or cell phone).

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3.2. The Knowledge Factors: Something the user knows (e.g., a password, pass phrase, or personal identification number (PIN), challenge response (the user must answer a question))

3.3. The Inherence Factors:

Something the user is or does (e.g., fingerprint, retinal pattern, DNA sequence (there are assorted definitions of what is sufficient), signature, face, voice, unique bio-electric signals, or other biometric identifier). At small scale, the identity verification can be managed by the nodes themselves, as handshaking by virtue of their proximity [4], but at relatively larger scale it becomes complex and the nodes identity verification demands the authentication involvement of TTP [5]. There are schemes that are based on the concept of self-organization in MANETS [6] thoroughly without TTP connection where the identity is resolved by the nodes themselves or some hybrid form of above two schemes might be used [4]. The 4G system was originally envisioned by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The DARPA selected the distributed architecture, end-toend Internet protocol (IP), and believed at an early stage in peer-to-peer networking in which every mobile device would be both a transceiver and a router for other devices in the network eliminating the spoke-and-hub weakness of 2G and 3G cellular systems. Since the 2.5G GPRS system, cellular systems have provided dual infrastructures: packet switched nodes for data services, and circuit switched nodes for voice calls. In 3g and 4G systems, the circuitswitched infrastructure is abandoned, and only a packetswitched network is provided. This means that traditional voice calls are replaced by IP telephony. Cellular systems such as 4G allow seamless mobility; thus a file transfer is not interrupted in case a terminal moves from one cell (one base station coverage area to another, but handover is carried out. The terminal also keeps the same IP address while moving, meaning that a mobile server is reachable as long as it is within the coverage area of any server. In 4G systems this mobility is provided by the mobile IP protocol, part of IP version 6, and while in earlier cellular generations it was only provided by physical layer and data link layer protocols. In addition to seamless mobility, 4G provides flexible interoperability of the various kinds of existing wireless networks, such as satellite, cellular wireless, WLAN, PAN and systems for accessing fixed wireless networks. 4G stands for the fourth-generation cellular network. Although it is

generally agreed that 4G is going to offer better communication technology than 3G, it is still undefined as to which areas should be really improved upon, and in which ways, from 3G. Researchers are often pointing towards integration whereas business institutions are working on upcoming technologies that will make 4G more attractive to the business community by implementing it more customer-friendly. New support for mobility is the primary concern of Hussian et. al. [7] and they pointed out insufficient 3G mobility constrained by bandwidth that should be significantly increased. According to them, the significant progress that 4G can achieve in the area of mobility is unifying different and currently separated environments into a single fixed OWA (Open Wireless Architecture) that will achieve high connectivity by accessing all kinds of networks. Providing single terminal that will effectively access the best available internet connection will increase and speed up device usability under 4G. Integration is the key concept in defining 4G capabilities since we should support all kinds of multimedia by offering single access to all wireless networks. Understanding the significance of unifying Wi- Fi, WiMax and Cellular networks into one product, Woerner and Howlader proposed that the most important factor of 4G will be seamless integration of wireless networks based on flexibility of the software radio technology, with improved bandwidth capacity, and improved routing techniques allowing multi-hop peer-topeer networks. Due to the lack of single military scenario where and how 4G will be used, it is critical that future wireless technology will be capable of effortlessly accessing all kind of radio communications. Bauer et. al. addressed that enhanced cellular range and capacity, supported by Wi-Fi and WiMAX networks is the vision of 4G. However, considering the fast development of WiMAX networks, and the increasing range of Wi-Fi standards, they argue that these new wireless networks can in the future substitute cellular networks such as the current 3G. They also addressed that it is misleading calling the evolution of cellular technology in terms of generations because this would suggest a linear progression which is not the case. Finally, they also evaluated business opportunities of 4G pointing out on establishing a global standard, along with open architecture, and supporting multiple interfaces all over the world, as the keys to economical success. Steer [7] addressed 4G is officially designated by IEEE as Beyond 3G. Characterized by wireless broadband with over 100Mbps mobile capacity and 1Gbps stationary bandwidth supported by OFDM, MIMO, and

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software defined radio, Steer presents new 3Gs components that will upgrade it up to 4G. The idea of upgrading 4G is shared by two other groups working on the next generation technology 3GPP and 3GPP2 developing new versions of UMTS and CDMA2000 cellular systems respectively. After introducing HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) in release 5, HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access) in release 6, and HSOPA (High Speed OFDM Packet Access) in release 7, the 3GPP group project is working on release 8 the UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Revision 8 LTE (Long Term Evolution) that will introduce 4G on UMTS foundations. The 3GPP plans presented in Technical Report (TR) 25.913 that are going to be concluded in September 2007 [6] expects cell coverage between 5 to 30 km, latency below 100ms, 100 Mbps/50Mbps downlink/uplink data rate within 20MHz spectrum allocation, high performance mobility up to 120km/h that between networks can be increased as much as up to 500km/h. The same report signifies the importance of IPbased networks with support of MIMO and OFDMA. The Pioneer and Inventor of 3G/WiFi Convergence Systems and Technologies, Top Global USA, Inc. created the first such 4G picture, the first mobile router that links 3G/4G Cellular and Wi-Fi networks. Providing seamless routing and secure connectivity, Top Globals router maintains connection in moving vehicles with 802.11n, HSDPA, and WiMAX wireless access points simultaneously .

5. References
[1] B.Xu, S. Hischke and B. Walke. "The Role of Ad hoc Networking in Future Wireless Communications". In Proc. ICCT. Beijing, 2003. [2] Mobile IP-based Network Develpoments (IST-200028584 MIND). Project homepage: http://www.ist-mind.org [3] F. Bader, C. Pinart, C. Christophi, E. Tsiakkouri, I. Ganchev, V. Friderikos, C. Bohoris, L. Correia, L. Ferreira. User-Centric Analysis of Perceived QoS in 4G IP Mobile/Wireless Networks. PIMRC'2003, Pp. x.1-x.7, 710 September 2003. Beijing, China. ISBN 0-7803-7823-7. [4] F. Stajano and R. J. Anderson. The resurrecting duckling: Security issues for ad-hoc wireless networks. In 7th Security Protocols Workshop, vol. 1796 of LNCS, UK, 1999. Springer-Verlag, Germany [5] Yuh-Min Tseng. A heterogeneous-network aided public- key management scheme for mobile ad hoc networks, Published on 10 February 2006 in Wiley InterScience,Int. J. Network Mgmt; 17: 315 [6] S. Capkun, L. Buttyan and J-P Hubaux. "SelfOrganized Public-Key Management for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ", IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, Vol. 2, No. 1, Jan-Mar 2003, pp. 52-64 [7] Hussian S., Hamid Z., and Khattak N., Mobility Management Challenges and Issues in 4G Heterogeneous Networks.

4. Conclusion
4G is all about integrated, global network that is based on an open system approach. At the moment we have several technologies each capable of performing some of functions like broadband data access in mobile or nomadic environment, supporting voice traffic using voice over IP etc. But what we really need is a deployment of new technologies that allow merging, bridging and integrating all these repeated system into an information delivery system of the twenty first century. 4G stands for fourth Generation cellular network. Nowadays, network technology plays a significant role on science and business area. Everyday new technologies are emerging. Fourth Generation (4G) is the next generation of wireless networks that will replace third Generation (3G) networks sometimes in future.

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