ST. MARK COLLEGE of baliuag, Bulacan, inc.

JP. Rizal St. Sta. Barbara, Baliuag Bulacan

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MODULE # 13
STAT
ISTIC
CHAPTER 1: RANDOM VARIABLES AND PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION
Definitions of Random Variable
A random variable is a result of chance event, that you can measure or count.
A random variable is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment. It is a variable that assumes numerical values associated with the
events of an experiment.
A random variable is a quantitative variable which values depends on change.
NOTE: We use capital letters to represent a random variable.

Illustrative Examples:
1. Suppose two coins are tossed and we are interested to determine the number of tails
that will come out. Let us use T to represent the number of tails that will come
out. Determine the values of the random variable T.
Solution:
Step Solution
a. List the sample space S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}
b. Count the number of tails in each outcome and Outcome Number of Tails
assign this number to this outcome. (value of T)
HH 0
HT 1
TH 1
TT 2
c. Conclusion The values of the random variable T (number of
tails) in this experiment are 0, 1 and 2.
2. A basket contains 10 red balls and 4 white balls. If three balls are taken from the basket one
after the other, determine the possible values of the random variable R representing the number of red balls.
Solution:
Step Solution
a. List the sample space S = {RRR, RRW, RWR, WRR, WRW, WWR,
RWW, WWW}
b. Count the number of red balls in each outcome Outcome Number of Red balls
and assign this number to this outcome. (value of R)
RRR 3
RRW 2
RWR 2
WRR 2
WRW 1
WWR 1
RWW 1
WWW 0
c. Conclusion The values of the random variable R (number of
red balls) in this experiment are 0, 1, 2 and 3.
 3. Four coins are tossed. Let T be the random variable representing the number of tails
that occur. Find the values of the random variable T.
Solution:
Step Solution
a. List the sample space S = {HHHH, HHHT, HHTH, HHTT, HTHH,
HTHT, HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, THTH,
THTT, TTHH, TTHT, TTTH, TTTT }
b. Count the number of tails in each outcome and Outcome Number of Tails
assign this number to this outcome. (value of T)
HHHH 0
HHHT 1
HHTH 1
HHTT 2
HTHH 1
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
HTTT 3
THHH 1
THHT 2
THTH 2
THTT 3
TTHH 2
TTHT 3
TTTH 3
TTTT 4
c. Conclusion The values of the random variable T (number of
tails) in this experiment are 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.

4. A pair of dice is rolled. Let X be the random variable representing the sum of the
number of dots on the top faces. Find the values of the random variable X.
Solution:
Step Solution
a. List the sample space S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6),
(2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6),
(3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6),
(4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6),
(5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6),
(6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
b. Count the number of tails in each outcome and Outcome Sum
assign this number to this outcome. (1,1) 2
(1,2)(2,1) 3
(1,3)(3,1)(2,2) 4
(1,4)(4,1)(2,3)(3,2) 5
(1,5)(5,1)(2,4)(4,2)(3,3) 6
(1,6)(6,1)(2,5)(5,2)(4,3)(3,4) 7
(3,5)(5,4)3(2,6)(6,2)(4,4) 8
(5,4)(4,5)(6,3)(3,6) 9
(6,4)(4,6)(5,5) 10
(5,6)(6,5) 11
(6,6) 12
c. Conclusion The values of the random variable X (sum of the
number of dots) in this experiment are 2, 4, 5,
6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12.

1.1 DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE

A random variable may be classified as discrete and continuous. A discrete random
variable has a countable number of possible values. A continuous random
variable can assume an infinite number of values in one or more intervals.
Discrete Random Variable Continuous Random Variable
Number of pens in a box Amount of antibiotics in the vital
Number of ants in a colony Length of electric wires
Number of ripe bananas in a basket Voltage of car batteries
Number of COVID19 positive cases in Hermosa, Bataan Weight of newborn in the hospital
Number of defective batteries Amount of sugar in a cup of coffee

EXERCISES:
A. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer before the number.
1. If three coins are tossed, which is NOT a possible value of the random variable for the
number of tails?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4

2. Which of the following is a discrete random variable?

A. Length of electrical wires B. Number of pencils in a box
C. Amount of sugar used in a cup of coffee D. Voltage of car batteries

3. Which formula gives the probability distribution shown by the table?

X 3 4 5
P(x) 1/3 1/4 1/5
A. P(X) = X B. P(X) = 1/X
C. P(X) = X/3 D. P(X) = X/5

4. How many ways can a "double" come out when you roll two dice?
A. 2 B. 4
C. 6 D. 8

5. It is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an experiment.

A. random variable B. variable
C. probability D. probability distribution

B. Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

______________ 1. The weight of the professional boxers
______________ 2. The number of defective COVID-19 Rapid Antibody Test Kit
______________ 3. The area of lots in an exclusive subdivision
______________ 4. The number of recovered patients of COVID-19 per province
______________ 5. The number of students with Academic Excellence in a school per district

C. Determine the values of the random variables in each of the following distributions.
1. Two coins are tossed. Let H be the number of tails that occur. Determine the values of the
random variable H.

2. A meeting of envoys was attended by 4 Koreans and 2 Filipinos. If three envoys were selected
at random one after the other, determine the values of the random variable K
representing the number of Koreans.