Scratch promotes computational thinking and problem solving skills; creative teaching and

learning: self-expression and collaboration; and equity in computing.

Scratch is always free and is available in more than 70 languages. Scratch is used in more than
200 different countries and territories.

Scratch is designed especially for ages 8 to 16, but is used by people of all ages.
ScratchJr is an introductory programming language that enables young children (ages 5-7) to
create their own interactive stories and games.

Scratch website, scratch.mit.edu

Educator resources are available on the Scratch For Educators page. (ScratchEd)

Scratch Wiki is made by Scratchers, for Scratchers. Articles are created since December 6, 2008.
The Scratch Wiki is a collaboratively-written wiki available for free that provides information
about the Scratch programming language.

The Lifelong Kindergarten group and collaborators are researching how young people create,
collaborate, and learn with Scratch.

Research on Scratch is being conducted by the Scratch Foundation team.

Previous research collaborators have included the Lifelong Kindergarten group at MIT, Yasmin
Kafai at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Karen Bernnan at the
Harvard Graduate School of Education, Benjamin Mako Hill at the University of Washington,
Andres Monroy Hernandez at Microsoft Research, Mimi Lto and Crystle Martin at the University
of California, Irvine, Quinn Burke at College of Charleston, Deborah Fields at Utah State
University, and Kylie Peppler at Indiana University.

Scratch Foundation Research Code of Ethics

Principle 1: Protect our participants
Principle 2: Lead with transparency
Principle 3: Embrace data-stewardship

To find out more about the use of Scratch, see the statistics page
Community statistics at a glance
-projects shared, users registered, comments posted, studios created
Website traffic
-pageviews, visits, unique visitors

Project Statistics (Project Stats)

The statistics show views, loves, comments, remixes, studios and favourite.
The eye represents the number of views.
The heart represents the number of loves.
(On April Fool’s Day 2014, the love symbol was replaced with a paw)
Project manager statistics
-Views
-Loves
-Remix

(On April Fool’s Day 2015, the favorite symbol was replaced with a banana, and the love symbol
was replaced with a strawberry.
The speech bubble represents the number of comments.
The swirl represents the number of remixes.
The star represents how many people have favorited the project page.
The two rectangles used to show how many studios the project has been added to.

Scratch Family
-ScratchEd
-ScratchJr
-Scratch Day (is a special day where Scratchers gather at different events around the world to
celebrate Scratch’s release and accomplishments. It typically takes place in May.
-Scratch Conference
-Scratch Foundation
-Scratch Store

There has been some discussion on what a Scratcher actually is. It can be any of the following:
-A user with a user account on the Scratch Website
-A user that has shared projects
-A user who uses Scratch
-A user with the “Scratcher” status (in contrast to the “New Scratcher” status)

After becoming a Scratcher, one can:

-Create studios
-Use Cloud Data
-Become the host of a studio
-Have the 120-second rule reduced to the Sixty-Second Rule

-ScratchR (Scratch Repository) was a platform, developed by the Lifelong Kindergarten Group at
MIT, which allowed Scratch projects to be uploaded to the Scratch Website.
-Scratcher is the name given to anyone who uses Scratch and is a registered user on the Scratch
Website.

Scratch Blocks is a new development project for the next generation of graphical programming
blocks, based on a collaboration between Google and MIT’s Scratch Team – building on
Google’s Blockly technology and informed by the Scratch Team’s expertise in developing
creative learning tools for young people.
Scratch 3.0 was first announced by the Scratch Team in 2016.
Several public alpha versions were released between then and January 2018, after which the
pre-beta “Preview” versions were released.
A beta version of Scratch 3.0 was released on 1st August 2018.

Scratch 3.0 is the third and current major version of Scratch. It was released on January 2, 2019
and is a complete redesign and reimplementation of Scratch written in JavaScript.

In May 2016, the Scratch Team announced a partnership with Google to create Scratch Bolcks

CCC (Creative Characters Camp) was an official event on the Scratch Website, and the third
collaboration event on Scratch, after Collab Challenge and Collab Camp. The goal was for
Scratchers to create sprites for other Scratchers to use in their projects. The objective of the
camp was to get Scratchers to collaborate and create reusable sprites for others.

Curator (Front Page) – is about the Scratcher who picks projects to be displayed on the front
page.

A backdrop is an image that can be shown on the stage. Backdrop can be named, edited,
created, and deleted in the Paint Editor.

The block palette is an area of the Scratch User Interface located to the left of the Code Area.

There are nine mine block categories in Scratch 3.0, eleven extensions, and three Raspberry Pi
extensions.

A costume is one out of possibly many ‘frames’ or alternate appearances of a sprite. Sprites can
change their look to any of its costumes. They can be named, edited, created, and deleted, but
every sprite must have at least one costume. One of the most uses of costumes is to make an
animation for a game or other project.

There are two different costume types: bitmap, which uses pixels to create an image, and
vector, which uses two points to create a line.
Brush, line, rectangle, oval, text, fill-color, eraser and select tools can be found in both vector
and bitmap editor.
The reshape tool is exclusive to the vector editor.

List of graphical effects

-Color (One costume can take on 200 different color-schemes using the color effect. The “real”
effect of the color is equal to the original color plus half of the added color effect.)

-Fisheye (The minimum effect of fish eye is -100 and the maximum is 2^30-101)

-Whirl
-Pixelate
-Brightness ( The effect’s minimum is -100 and the maximum is 100). The costume will appear
entirely black at -100 and white at 100)

-Ghost (One costume can take on 100 different transparencies using the ghost effect. The
minimum values is 0 and the maximum is 100. Once the effect is equal to 100, the sprite is
completely transparent and cannot be seen, but it still can be detected in some ways. )
-Mosaic (The largest possible possible value is 5105). It is used to multiply a sprite without
cloning. Can be used as a transition between cosutmes.

There are 21 instruments available for use. There are 131 notes available in Scratch, ranging
from note 0, a low C, to note 130, a high B.

An item is a part of a list that works in a similar way to a variable. Each list can hold 200,000
items.
A list (also called an array in other programming languages) is a tool that can be used to store
multiple pieces of information at once.

Hat Block
Stack Block
Cap Block
Reporter Block
Boolean block

Example uses for lists are as follows:

-Calculators
-Encoding/ Decoding strings
-Inventories in games
-AI
-Recording multiple values
-Conserving variables
-Saving and loading data
-Creating a system for users to type letters
More complex uses
-Storing user-input data in Operating System simulations
-Storing AI data in games
-Allowing users to re-create past inputs
-Storing world data in 3d projects
-Making list only games

The Music Extension allows one to play sounds from various instruments with MIDI. MIDI
stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. It is a standard specifying a way in which
software and electronic devices can transmit and receive music.
Each assest (costume and sound) has a limit of 10 MB. The project.json file, which contains the
project’s code, has a limit of 5 MB.

A scratch remix is a project that starts with a different project. It is then edited, and then
shared.

A scratch operating system is usually a fake mockup operating system with an interface. Some
have the ability to import apps and data, as well as the ability to create, save, and delete files of
different types, stored in lists.

Some Scratchers create their own languages within Scratch. There are also some parses that
interpret code from real-life programming languages, such as XML parsers.

During the use use of Scratch, people can create, remix, and collaborate with others on Scratch
projects.

Scratch’s motto is “Imagine, Program, Shar”.

Scratch is primarily event-driven and is not object-oriented.

Scratch has limited hardware/ OS access and is a very safe program. The following can be
accessed by Scratch:
-Ambient volume
-Mouse position relative to the Scratch frame
-Key presses, only if Scratch is in focus
-Some movements are provided as sensor values, using a webcam for image input

Scratch can communicate externally to a LEGO WeDo, LEGO BOOST, Lego Mindtorms EV3,
Makey Makey, micro:bit, Go Direct Force & Acceleartion, or Raspberry Pi set.

Scratch is a programming language with multiple sprites, which act life different characters.

A script fragment, also known as an orphaned script, is a script that is “incomplete” because it is
missing a hat block.

Shift-clicking the green flag ran the project in turbo mode, which run the project extremely fast,
having minimal to no wait between blocks.

Sounds are the items that are available only by importing or recording.
Sounds can be recorded, imported, edited, exported and modified in the Scratch 3.0 sound
editor.

A stage Monitor, sometimes called a watcher, iw a display on the stage that shows the value of
a variable, Boolean, or a list.