ABOUT THE PROJECT

The E- PLACEMENT is a android based application developed in windows platform for the
placement department of the college in order to provide the details of its students in a database for the
to view the job list to their process of recruitment provided with a proper login. The system contains
all the information about the students. The system stores all the personal information of the students
and their technical skills that are required. The system is an online application that can be accessed
throughout the organization and outside as well with proper login provided. The system can used for
college to manage the student information with regards to placement details .This project contains all
the details of the students that can be viewed by all the users (read only), but can be modified only by
the student with an authorized service. The students can update their own information only.
The main users are,
1) Administrator(cm placement)
2) Students
3) Faculty
 Different Modules are,

1) Different Modules are,

2) Course Management
3) Faculty Management
4) Student Management
5) Aptitude Management
6) Attend Exam
7) Evaluation

To develop this application, PHPis selected as thefront-end application and MySql as the back-
end application and Apache as the webserver.

MODULES

ORGANIZATIONPROFILE

Octal Technology is a software developing company that provides services in developing software
for various purposes, web designing and web development. It is supported started with an intention to
deliver the best of its services. The company was established in the year 2016.
The company has a training division which undertakes the academic projects, live projects for
students, software courses and mainly the job training. The training team helps the students to
develop their skills according to the latest technologies, ideas and helps them bring out their best in
this competitive world.
The development section delivers the best of its services in software development, web
development and designing areas. They look forward for user satisfaction that meets the needs and
requirements of clients.
 The firm looks forward to impart the finest user facilities in providing best quality service
products as well as in the field of education. The mission is to bring out innovative ideas and develop
accordingly to provide quality services. The development and training division teams works with a
passion to explore the new technologies and ideas in this competitive world and provide the best.
2. SYSTEMSTUDYANDANALYSIS
 System analysis is an important activity that takes place when a new system is being built. It is
the central intact of system development and it includes gathering and interpreting facts,
diagnosing and using this information to recommended improvements to the system. System
analysis givesthe structure and functioning of the system and it specifies what the system should
do. It is helpful to understand the problem and emphasize what is needed from the system.

Before designing a computer system, which will satisfy the information requirements of an
organization, it important that the nature of the business and the way it currently operates are
clearly understood. The process of system investigation includes several methods of gathering
the required information. It is important that the approach is appropriate to the system under
consideration and the user of the system. System analysis should be creative and imaginative in
producing new solutions to meet the user requirements. In brief the system is analyzed by
gathering various information such as system functionality, problems encountered, requirement
of the proposed system, users, their takes and responsibilities.

EXISTINGSYSTEM

In the existing system the evaluation is done by manual process where faculties can give evaluation

about the students by using paper and pen. But by our process, faculty can give evaluation through

online system without wasting their time. In the manual system after when the feedback is given by

all the faculties and the overall grade for each subject and each student is calculated. After that all

those grade reports given by the faculties are checked by the University Authority. Hence the

performance of students is estimated, and counseling of the students can be done. So, the existing

system requires more time to do a piece of work‚ for this reason the e placement is implemented. This

is the major limitation of the existing system for .

 DRAWBACKS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

The main drawbacks of the system are:

1) Time consuming.
2) Very slow
3) No accuracy
4) Constant error may occur.
5) Difficult to keep and maintain records
6) Data loss may occur
7) No security

PROPOSEDSYSTEM
The EM Placement is an android application for the placement department of our college . This

system mainly focused to students in our college . This will let student to get the details of job

vacancies , event conducting each companyand they can participate each event .

The proposed system is interactive, highly user friendly and designed exclusively for Amritha
College . The system covers almost all the functional areas of the system. The Evaluation systemis a
database system used to store the information regarding faculty, students,staff ,course,appitute
test ,evaluation etc. The questions are prepared by the faculty. The students get the questions from
the software. At exam time , the respected faculty should present the exam be conducted in hall and
provide a login id to the students to attend the exam Faster and more accurate
1) Faster and more accurate
2) Reduces chances for human errors
3) More efficient and reliable
4) Storage and retrieval of information become easier
 NEED FOR THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

1) Reduce wastage of time.

2) Reduce risk of manual work.
3) Up to date reports and prompt results can be obtained.
4) Chances of errors can be easily minimized.
5) Accuracy and neatness of data.
6) Provide better services.
7) Retrieval of information at proper time.
8) Improving customer efficiency.

FEASIBILITYSTUDY

The main objective of the feasibility study is to treat the technical, operational and economic
feasibility of developing the computerized system. All systems are feasible given unlimited
resources and infinite time. It is both necessary and prudent to evaluate the feasibility of the
project at System study phase itself. The feasibility study to be conducted for this project
involves.

1) TechnicalFeasibility
2) OperationalFeasibility
3) EconomicFeasibility
 TECHNICALFEASIBILITY

Technical feasibility checks whether the system is technically feasible to the organization. The
developed system is technically feasible and also easy to work with the system. Itis essential that
the process of analysis and definition conducted in parallel with an assessment of technical
feasible. It determines the computer system and to extend it can support the proposed
system.Technical feasibility study deals with the hardware as well as software requirements. The
scope was whether the work for the project is done with the current equipments and the existing
software technology has to be examined in the feasibility study. The outcome was found to be
positive.

In the proposed system, data can be easily stored and managed using database management
system software. The reports and results for various queries can be generated easily. Therefore,
the system is technically feasible.

OPERATIONALFEASIBILITY

Operational feasibility determines the working of the proposed system during installation. Here
the proposed system works more efficiently than existing system. So the system is considered to
be operationally feasible.

The existing system is said to be operationally feasible when the system is easy to understand by
the users. The main problem faced during development of a new system is getting acceptance
from the user. The proposed system must be user friendly.Proposed projects are beneficial only
if they can be turned into information systems that will meet the organization's operating
requirements. Simply stated, this test of feasibility asks if the system will work when it is
developed and installed. Are there major barriers to implementation? Here are questions that will
help test the operational feasibility of a project: Is there sufficient support for the project from
management?

Are current business methods acceptable to the users?

Have the users been involved in the planning and development of the project?

Will the proposed system cause harm?

The purpose of the operational feasibility study is to determine whether the new system will be
used if it is developed and implemented. And whether there will be resistance from users that
will undermine the possible application benefits.

There was no difficulty in, implementing the system and the proposed system is so effective,user
friendly and functionally reliable so that the users in the company will find that the new system
reduce their hard-steps.

If the users of the system are fully aware of the internal working of the system then the users will
not be facing any problem in running the system.

ECONOMICFEASIBILITY

Economic analysis commonly referred to as cost and benefit analysis. Economic justification is
the basic consideration for most of the system. One of the factors which effect the development
of a new system is the cost it would require.

Proposed system was developed with the available resources. Since cost input for the software is
almost nil the output of the software is always a profit. Hence Softwareis economicallyfeasible.
In theexistingsystem, manpoweris morerequired. In theproposed system, numberofemployee to
be involved is reduced drastically. So, the proposed system is said to be economic.

In the existing system, storage of the records should be properly done and security should be
providedfortherecords.Intheproposedsystem,thesoftwareprovidessecurityandmaintenance and it
hardly needs one or two persons to operate the system.
3. SYSTEMDESIGN
After studying all features of existing system, the new system is designed in such a way that it
can remove all problems of the existing system. Analysis, design, specification of system goes
hand in hand. Until the system is developed, analysis work can be done fairly, quickly and
emphasis for the major part of the project will be in design. The System has complete
specifications.Themost challengingandcreative phaseofsystemlifecycleisthesystemdesign.

In the design phase detailed design of the system selected in study phaseis accomplished. System
design is a disciplined approach to computer system design that is easy to understand, reliable,
long-lasting, efficient and practical. It should also be cost effective. It provides the understanding
and procedural details necessary for implementing the system recommended inthe
feasibilitystudy. The user-oriented specification is converted specifications is converted into a
technical design specification.

INPUTDESIGN

We defined system design as a process of developing specification for a system that meet the
criteria established in system analysis. The major steps in design are the preparation of input and
the design of output in a form acceptable to the user. Input design is the process of converting
user oriented inputs to a computer based format.It also includes determining the media, method
of input, speed of capture and entry into the system. The goal of designing input data is to make
data entry as easy logical and free from errors as possible. In entering data operation need to
know the following ,The allocated space for each field

 Field sequence
 OUTPUTDESIGN

Computer output is the most important and direct source of information to the user. Efficient
output design should improve the systems relationship with the user and helps in decision-
making. Designing computer output should proceed in an organized, well thought manner: the
right output must be developed while ensuring that each output element is designed so thatpeople
will find the system easy to use effectively.

The output from an information system should accomplish one or more of the following
objectives

 Conveyinformationabout pastobjectives, currentstatus orprojection ofthe future

 Signalimportantevents, opportunities,problems,orwarnings
 Triggeranaction
 Confirman action

DATABASEDESIGN

A database is a collection of interrelated data stored with minimum redundancy to serve many
users quickly and efficiently. The overall objectives in the development of database technology
has been to treat data as an organizational resource and as an integrated whole. Database
Management System allows the data to be protected and organized separately from other
resources. If database Management System can provide centralized access to the data from the
programs, it is possible to treat the data as separate resource.

The relational database management system (RDBMS) is a program that lets you create, update,
and administer a relational database .Most commercial RDBMS use the Structured Query
Language (SQL) to access the database, although SQL invented after the development of the
relational model and is not necessary for its use.

Thegeneralobjectiveistomakeinformationaccess,easy,quick,inexpensiveand flexibleforthe user.

The main objective of Database design is
  DataIntegration.
 DataIntegrity.
 Data independence.

A Database is an organized mechanism that has the capabilityof storing information through
whichausercanretrievedstoredinformationinaneffectiveandefficientmanner.Thedatais the
purpose of any database and must be protected .

NORMALIZATION
Normalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of
the normalization process: eliminating redundant data (for example, storing the same data in
more than one table). Both of these are worthy goals as they reduce the amount of space a
database consumers and ensure that data is logically stored. The database community has
developed aseries of guidelines for ensuring that database is normalized. These are worthygoals
as theyreduce the amount of space a database consumers and ensure that data is logicallystored.
The database community has developed a series of guidelines for ensuring that database is
normalized. These are referred to as normal forms and are numbered from one (lowest form of
normalization, referred to as first normal form or 1NF) through five (fifth normal form or 5NF).

Normalization is the process of decomposing the attributes in an application, which results in a

set of tables with verysimple structure. The purposeof normalization is to maketables as simple
as possible .Normalization is carried out in this system for the following reasons.

 Tostructurethedata sothat thereis norepetition ofdata, thishelpsin saving space.

 Topermit simpleretrievalof datain responseto queryandreport request.
 Tosimplifythemaintenanceof thedata through updates, insertions and deletions.
 Toreducetheneedtorestructureorrecognizedatawhichnewapplicationrequirements arise.

Primary key is assigned for this purpose. The primary key fields in almost all the tables help to
ease the search and improve efficiency. The proposed system is usingthe second normal form as
it is found most suitable.
 FIRSTNORMAL FORM (1NF)

1NFisdesignedtodisallowmultivaluedattributescompositeattributesandtheircombinations
.It state that the domain of an attribute must include only atomic(simple, indivisible) values and
that the value of any attribute in a tuple must be a single value from the domain of the attribute.

Theconditionsof1NF are

 Eliminateduplicativecolumnsfromthesametable
 Createseparatetablesforeachgroupofrelateddataandidentifyeachrowwitha unique
columns or set of columns (the primary key)

SECONDNORMALFORM(2NF)

Thesecondnormalformhasthecharacteristicsofthefirstnormalformandallthe
attributes must fullybe dependent onprimary key .The proposed system is using second normal
form as it is found most suitable. The conditions of 1NF are

 Meetalltherequirementofthefirstnormal form
 Remove subsets the data that apply to multiple rows of a table and place them in a
separatetable.
 Create a relationship between these new tables and their predecessors through the use of
foreign key.

THIRDNORMAL FORM (3NF)

A relational schema r is in 2NF if no non-key attribute can depend on another non-key attribute.
The database must meet all the requirements of the 2NF .Any field which is dependent not only
on the primary key but also on another field is moved out to a separate

The 3NF satisfies two conditions. They are the relational schema already in the 2NF
and nononprime attribute functionally determines any other non prime attributes.
 TABLES

1) login

FIELD NAME DATATYPE CONSTRAINTS DESCRIPTION

Uid Int Not Null UserId

Uname Varchar(20) Not Null User name

Upass Varchar(20) Not Null User Password

utype Varchar(20) Not Null User type

2) course

FieldName Type Constraints Description

Cname Varchar(20) Primary key Course name
Ccode Varchar(20) Course code
Did Varchar(20) Foreign key Department id
Sem Varchar(20) semester
3) subject

FieldName Type Constraints Description

Scode Varchar(20) PK Subjectcode
Did Varchar(30) Department id
Ccode Varchar(20) FK Course code
Sem Varchar(30) Semester
Sname Varchar(30) Subject name
 4) faculty

FieldName Type Constraints Description

fid int Primary Key Faculty id
fname Varchar(20) Faculty name
fgen Varchar(50) Gender
address Varchar(50) Address
phn Varchar(50) Phone number
email Varchar(15) Email
branch Varchar(50) Branch
desgi Varchar(3) Designation
5) student

FieldName Type Constraints Description

sid int Primary Key Student id
sname Varchar(50) FK Student name
admno Varchar(50) FK Admission number
adr Varchar(50) address
phn Varchar(50) Phone number
email Varchar(50) Email
gen Varchar(50) Gender
course Varchar(10) Course
sem Varchar(13) semester
 6) question

FieldName Type Constraints Description

Qid Int(5) Primary Key Question id
Tid Varchar(15) FK Timetable id
Fid Varchar(100) FK Faculty id
Course Varchar(40) Course name
Question Varchar(100) Question
optionA Varchar(50) Option A
Option B Varchar(50) Option B
Option C Varchar(50) Option C
correctAnswer Varchar(50) Correct Answers
 SYSTEMREQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

Microprocessor Types :intelP4andabove

Processor speed :1.7 GHZ

Random Access Memory :1 GB

Hard Disk Memory :160GB

Monitor :SVGAColour

KeyBoard :Standard Keyboard

Mouse :StandardScroll Mouse

SOFTWAREREQUIREMENTS

OperatingEnvironment : Windows/Linux

FrontEnd : PHP, HTML

BackEnd : MySQL

DesigningTool : Dreamweaver

Webserver : Apache
 SOFTWARETECHNOLOGYREVIEW

PHP

PHP is the Web development language written by and for Web developers. PHP stands for
PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. The product was originally named Personal Home Page Tools,
and many people still think that’s what the acronym stands for. But as it expanded in scope, a
new and more appropriate (albeit GNU-ishly recursive) name was selected by community vote.
PHP is currently in its fifth major rewrite, called PHP5 or just plain PHP.
PHP is a server-side scripting language, which can be embedded in HTML or used as a
standalone binary (although the former use is much more common). Proprietary products in this
niche are Microsoft’s Active Server Pages, Macromedia’s ColdFusion, and Sun’s Java Server
Pages. Some tech journalists used to call PHP the open source ASP because its functionality is
similar to that of the Microsoft product—although this formulation was misleading, as PHP was
developed before ASP. Over the past few years, however, PHP and server-side Java have gained
momentum, while ASP has lost mindshare, so this comparison no longer seems appropriate.

THE HISTORY OF PHP

RasmusLerdorf—software engineer, Apache team member, and international man of mystery—

is the creator and original driving force behind PHP. The first part of PHP was developed for his
personal use in late 1994. This was a CGI wrapper that helped him keep track of people who
looked at his personal site. The next year, he put together a package called the Personal Home
Page Tools(a.k.a. the PHP Construction Kit) in response to demand from users who had
stumbled into his work by chance or word of mouth. Version 2 was soon released under the title
PHP/FI and included the Form Interpreter, a tool for parsing SQL queries. By the middle of
1997, PHP was being used on approximately 50,000 sites worldwide. It was clearly becoming
too big for any single person to handle, even someone as focused and energetic as Rasmus. A
small core development team now runs the project on the open source “benevolent junta” model,
withcontributionsfromdevelopersandusersaroundtheworld.ZeevSuraskiandAndiGutmans,
the two Israeli programmers who developed the PHP3 and PHP4 parsers, have also generalized
and extended their work under the rubric of Zend.com.

STABILITY

Thewordstable meanstwodifferent thingsinthis context:

 Theserver doesn’tneed toberebooted often.

 Thesoftwaredoesn’tchangeradicallyand incompatiblyfromreleaseto release
To our advantage, both of these connotations apply to both MySQL and PHPwamp is
generallyconsidered the most stableof majorWeb servers,with a reputation for enviable uptime
percentages. Although it is neitherthe fastest northeeasiest to administer, once you get it set up,
Apache HTTP Server seemingly never crashes. It also doesn’t require server reboots every timea
setting is changed (at least on the UNIX side).
PHP inherits this reliability; plus, its own implementation is solid yet lightweight. In a two-and-
a-half-month head-to-head test conducted by the Network Computing labs in October 1999,
Apache Server with PHP handily beat both IIS/Visual Studio and Netscape Enterprise
Server/Java for stability of environment. PHP and MySQL are also both stable in the sense of
featurestability. Their respectivedevelopment teams havethus far enjoyed a clearvision of their
project and refused to be distracted byeverynew fad and ill-thought-out user demand that comes
along.Muchoftheeffortgoesintoincrementalperformanceimprovements,communicatingwith more
major databases, or adding better session support. In the case of MySQL, the addition of
reasonable and expected new features has hit a rapid clip. For both PHP and MySQL, such
improvements have rarely come at the expense of compatibility. Applications written in PHP3
will function with little or no revision for PHP4 and 5. And because of the standards-based SQL
support, MySQL 3.x databases are easily moved to more current versions (and most likelyalways
will be).
 SPEED

PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache module on the
UNIX side. The MySQL server, once started, executes even very complex queries with huge
result sets in record-setting time. PHP5 is much faster for almost every use than CGI scripts.
Although many CGI scripts are written in C, one of the lowest-level and therefore speediest of
themajorprogramminglanguages, theyarehindered bythe fact that each request must spawn an
entirely new process after being handed off from the http daemon. The time and resources
necessary for this handoff and spawning are considerable, and there can be limits to the number
of concurrent processes that can be running at any one time. Other CGIscripting languages such
as Perl and Tcl can be quite slow. Most Web sites have moved away from use of CGI for
performanceand security reasons. Although it takes a slight performance hit by being interpreted
rather than compiled, this is far outweighed bythe benefits PHP derives from its status as a Web
server module. When compiled this way, PHP becomes part of the http daemon itself. Because
there is no transfer to and from a separate application server (as there is with ColdFusion, for
instance) requests can be filled with maximum efficiency. Although no extensive formal
benchmarks have compared the two, much anecdotal evidence and many small benchmarks
suggest that PHP is at least as fast as ASP and readily out performs ColdFusion or JSP in most
applications.
ANDROID
Android is an operating system developed by Google primarily for touchscreen mobile devices

such as smartphones and tablets. It is based on the Linux kernel and other open-source software

and has become one of the most popular operating systems in the world for mobile devices.

Android allows users to access a wide range of apps and services through the Google Play Store,

and it is known for its customization options and flexibility for both users and developers.

Additionally, Android has expanded its presence beyond smartphones and tablets into other

devices like smartwatches, TVs, and automotive systems.

 MYSQL

MySQL operates using client/server architecture in which the server runs on the machine
containing the databases and clients connect to the server over a network. The server operating
systems is usually a Linux (like Red hat 9.0 etc.) or Windows 2000 operating system. Typically
MySQL is supported on Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Red Hat Fedora Linux, andDelian
Linux, and others. As with any other client/server application, MySQL is a multi-user database
system, meaning several users can access the database simultaneously.MySQL is compatible
with the standards based SQL (SQL stands for Structured Query Language) language. The client
program may contact the server programmatically (meaning a program call the server during
execution) or manually.

FEATURES

1. Speed: Of course, the speed at which a server side program runs depends primarily on the
serverhardware.Giventhattheserverhardwareisoptimal,MySQLrunsveryfast.Itsupports
clustered servers for demanding applications.

2. Ease of use: MySQL is a high-performance, relatively simple database system. From the
beginning,MySQLhastypicallybeenconfigured,monitored,andmanagedfromthecommand line.
However, several MySQL graphical interfaces are available as described below:

 MySQLAdministrator:Thistoolmakesitpossibleforadministratorstosetup,evaluate, and
tune their MySQL database server. This is intended as a replacement for MySQL admin .
 MySQL Query Browser: Provides database developers and operators with a graphical
databaseoperationinterface.Itisespeciallyusefulforseeingmultiplequeryplansandresultsets in a
single user interface.
 ConfigurationWizard:Administratorscanchoosefromapredefinedlistofoptimalsettings, or
create their own.

 MySQLSystemTray:ProvidesWindows-basedadministratorsasingleviewoftheir MySQL
instance, including the ability to start and stop their database servers.

3. Cost :MySQL is available free of cost. MySQLis a "Open Source" database. MySQL is part
of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python) environment, a fast growing open
source enterprise software stack. More and more companies are using LAMP as an alternative to
expensive proprietary software stacks because of its lower cost, reliability, and documentation.

4. Query Language Support :MySQL understands standards based SQL (Structured Query
Language).
 WAMPSERVER

PHP is compatible with the three leading Web servers: WAMP Server for Unix and Windows,
Microsoft Internet Information Server, and Netscape Enterprise Server.

WAMP Server is generally considered the most stable of major Web servers, with a reputation
for enviable uptime percentages. Although it is neither the fastest nor the easiest to administer,
once you get it set up, Apache HTTP Server seemingly never crashes. It also doesn’t require
server reboots every time a setting is changed (at least on the UNIX side). PHP inherits this
reliability;plus,itsownimplementationissolidyetlightweight.Inatwo-and-a-half-monthhead- to-
head test conducted by the Network Computing labs in October 1999, Apache Server with PHP
handily beat both IIS/Visual Studio and Netscape Enterprise Server/Java for stability of
environment. Apache is probablythe Web server most commonlyused with PHP and MySQL—
so common that the acronym LAMP has emerged to describe precisely this combo (window,
Apache MySQL PHP). The majority of all web servers using Apache are window web servers.

Apache is developed and maintained by an open community of developers under the auspices of
the Apache Software Foundation. The application is available for a wide variety of operating
systems, including Unix, GNU, FreeBSD, Linux, Solaris, Novell NetWare, Mac OS X,Microsoft
Windows, OS/2, TPF, and eComStation. Released under the Apache License, Apache is
characterized as free software and open source software.

Since April 1996 Apache has been the most popular HTTP server on the World Wide Web. Asof
February 2009 wamp served over 49% of all websites.

wamp is used for many other tasks where content needs to be made available in a secure and
reliable way. One example is sharing files from a personal computer over the Internet. A user
who has Apache installed on their desktop can put arbitrary files in the wamp document root
which can thenbeshared. Programmersdevelopingweb applications often usealocallyinstalled
version of Apache in order to preview and test code as it is being developed.

At the moment, both Apache and PHP are in the middle of major releases—and unfortunately
therearereasonswhythetwoupgradesmaybeincompatible.Themainchangeinthehuge
architectural update of Apache2 is thread-safety. In Apache1, each server request spawned a
separate child process. This has one huge advantage—if one process fails, it will not crash the
whole server. However, it also leads to perceived inefficiencies on some operating systems,
particularly Windows—although in many cases, particularly Linux, Apache2 is not moreefficient
thanApache1. Unfortunately, alot of PHP extensions cannot easilybemadethread-safe and
probably never will.

FREESOFTWARE

Free software or software liber is software that can be used, studied, and modified without
restriction, and which can be copied and redistributed in modified or unmodified form either
without restriction, or with minimal restrictions only to ensure that further recipients can also do
these things and to prevent consumer-facing hardware manufacturers from preventing user
modifications to their hardware. Free software is available gratis (free of charge) in most cases.
In practice, for software to be distributed as free software, the human-readable form of the
program (the source code) must be made available to the recipient along with a notice granting
the above permissions. Such a notice either is a “free software license”, or a notice that thesource
code is released into the public domain.
The free software movement was conceived in 1983 by Richard Stallman to satisfy the need for
and to give the benefit of “software freedom” to computer users. The Free Software Foundation
was founded in 1985 to provide the organizational structure which Stallman correctly foresaw
would be necessary to advance his Free Software ideas.
 DATAFLOWDIAGRAM

Data Flow Diagram (DFD)representing a system at any level of detail with a graphic network of
symbols showing data flows, data stores, data processes, and data sources. The purpose of DFD
is to provide a semantic bridge between users and system developers. The diagram is the basis of
structured system analysis.

A level 0 DFD also called a fundamental system model or a context model represents the entire
software elements as a single bubble with input and output indicated by incoming and outgoing
arrows respectively. Additional process and information flow parts are represented in the next
level i.e., Level 1 DFD. Each of the processes represented at Level 1 are sub functions of overall
system depicted in the context model. Any processes which are complex in Level 1 will be
further represented into sub functions in the next level i.e., in level 2.Data flow diagrams
illustrate how data is processed by a system in terms of inputs and outputs. Represent major
components or functions with Circles Actions for input by a user or a system go in Rectangular
Boxes. Databases are represented by Parallel lines enclosing a phrase corner.

Rectangular box defined a source of destination of the system

A circle stands for processes that convert data into information

Dataflow

Datastorage
 CONTEXTLEVEL

Level-0

AdminLevel1
StudentLevel1

FACULTY LEVEL

4 SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION
 SYSTEM TESTING

When a system is developed, it is hoped that it performs properly. In practice, however, some
errors always occur. The main purpose of testing an information system is to find the errors and
correct them. A successful test is one, which finds an error.
Themainobjectivesof systemtestingare:

 Toensureduringoperation thesystem willperform asper specification.

 Tomakesurethatthesystemmeetsuser’srequirementsduringoperation.
 Toverifythat thecontrols incorporatedin thesystem functionas intended.
 Toseethatwhencorrectinputsarefed tothesystem theoutputsare correct.
 Tomakesurethatduring operation, incorrectinput and outputwill be deleted.

The scope of a system test should include both manual operations and computerized operations.
System testing is a comprehensive evaluation of the programs, manual procedures, computer
operations and controls. System testing is the process of checking if the developed system is
working according to the original objectives and requirements. All testing needs to be conducted
in accordance to the test conditions specified earlier.

4. 2SECURITYTESTING
Any computer based system that manages sensitive information for causes action that can
improperly harm individuals is a target for improper or illegal penetration. Security testing
attempts to verify that protection mechanisms built in to a system will protect it from improper
penetration.
 VALIDATIONTESTING
Validation testing can be defined in many ways ,but a simple definition is that validation
succeeds when the software function are in a manner that is reasonably expected by thecustomer.
Software validation is achieved through a series of black box test that demonstrate conformity
with requirements.

BLACKBOXTESTING
Black Box Testing methods focusing on the functional requirements of the software ie black box
testingenablesthesoftware engineer to derivesets ofinput conditions that will fullyexerciseall
functional requirements for a program. Black box testing attempt to find errors in the following
categories;

1. Incorrectormissing functions.
2. Interfaceerrors.
3. Errorsindatastructures orexternaldatabase access.
4. Performanceerrors.

UNITTESTING

UnitTestisalwaysWhiteboxoriented,andthestepcanbeconductedinparallelformultiple modules,
each of the two modules is tested individually and checks whether each and every logical path
are working properly or not.

INTEGRATIONTESTING
Integration testing addresses the issues associated with the dual problems of verification and
program construction. Black box testing is done during Integration testing. This testing is the
systematic test conducting for constructing the program structure while at the same time
conducting test to uncover error associated with the interface.
 PERFORMANCETESTING
PerformanceTestingisdesignedtotesttheruntimeperformanceofsoftwarewithinthecontext of an
integrated system. This testing occurs throughout all steps in the testing process.

DATABASEACCESS

Varioustests arebeingperformed tocheck ifthefollowingoperations aredonecorrectly or not.

1. Insertionsofdatatothedatabase
2. Deletionsofdatafrom the database
3. Modificationsof thedatain the database

SYSTEMVALIDATION

Hereweensurethatthesystemhasaccesstoonlyvalid data.Morespecificallythesystemstores, retrieves

and manipulates only valid information.

VERIFICATIONANDVALIDATIONTESTING

Thistestingstrategyensuresthatonlyvaliddatais beingrecordedbythesoftwarewhichcan later be

used for further processing if needed.

SYSTEMIMPLEMENTATION

Hereweverifywhetherthesystembeingdevelopedworkswellintheenvironmentwhereitis
implemented. We ensure this by measuring its performance.
Thesoftwareisbeingtestedfor itsperformancemeasure.Thefactorsbeing tested are,
1. Responsetimeof the software.
2. Accuracyof handlingdata.
3. Easeofuseandnavigation(Userfriendliness).
5 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
 If for any of the test above the actual result is shown as FAIL, then we start the maintenance
section where we try to improve the system performance.Maintenance is always necessary to
keepthesoftwareusableandusefu1.Hardwarealsorequiresperiodicmaintenancetokeepthe system in
to its standards. Software maintenance activities can be classified into:

1. CorrectiveMaintenance.
2. AdaptiveMaintenance.
3. PerfectiveMaintenance

Corrective maintenance removes software faults. Perfective maintenance improves the system
without changing its functionality. The objective of perfective maintenance should be to prevent
failures and optimize the software.

Adaptivemaintenance modifies thesoftwareto keep it up to date with its operative environment. It

may be needed because of changes in the user requirements changes in target platform or
changes in external interfaces. Minor adaptive changes should be handled by normalmaintenance
process. Major adaptive changes should be carried out as a separate development project.
2. FUTUREENHANCEMENTSOFTHEPROJECT
The most important benefit of software application is that they can be easily extended in the
future. Asnewtechnologies arecomingin everyday, it is necessaryto build thesuitableforeasy
expansion.

This website was developed to overcome the difficulties encountered in the existing manual
system.The administrating people can extend the system by including various links, provisions
etc..In the world web very website owners try to make their site better than the same kind of
sites. So future development would become necessary for this system also and it can be done
easily
3. CONCLUSION
Anything can not be ended in a single step. It is the fact that nothing is permanent in this world.
So this utility also has some future enhancements in the evergreen and booming IT industry.
Change is inevitable. Almost every project is subjected to change depending on the client’s
requirements. The system and the architecture of the proposed system is compatible one, so
addition of new modules can be done without much difficulty. Since this module has its unique
properties it can extend further to make this system a complete one.

The software was implemented and tested with real date and were found to be error free. Also,
the system is protected from any unauthorized access. All the necessary validations are carried
outinthisprojectsothatanykindofuserscanmakeuseofthis softwareandnecessarymessages makes
them conscious of the error they have made.