Calculus Differentiation – Review Mark Scheme

1. (a) f ʹ′ (x) = x2 + 4x − 5 A1A1A1 N3

(b) evidence of attempting to solve f ʹ′(x) = 0 (M1)
evidence of correct working A1
− 4 ± 16 + 20
e.g. (x + 5) (x − 1), , sketch
2
x = − 5, x = 1 (A1)
so x = − 5 A1 N2
(c) METHOD 1
f ʹ′ʹ′(x) = 2x + 4 (may be seen later) A1
evidence of setting second derivative = 0 (M1)
e.g. 2x + 4 = 0
x=−2 A1 N2
METHOD 2
evidence of use of symmetry (M1)
e.g. midpoint of max/min, reference to shape of cubic
correct calculation A1
− 5 +1
e.g. ,
2
x=−2 A1 N2
(d) attempting to find the value of the derivative when x = 3 (M1)
f ʹ′(3) = 16 A1
valid approach to finding the equation of a line M1
e.g. y − 12 = 16(x − 3), 12 = 16 × 3 + b
y = 16x − 36 A1 N2
2. (a) Curve intersects y-axis when x = 0 (A1)
Gradient of tangent at y-intercept = 2 A1
1
⇒ gradient of N = − (= –0.5) A1
2
Finding y-intercept, 2.5 A1
Therefore, equation of N is y = –0.5x + 2.5 AG N0
(b) N intersects curve when –0.5x2 + 2x + 2.5 = –0.5x + 2.5 A1
Solving equation (M1)
e.g. sketch, factorising
⇒ x = 0 or x = 5 A1
Other point when x = 5 (R1)
x = 5 ⇒ y = 0 (so other point (5, 0)) A1 N2
3. (a) Attempt to differentiate (M1)
g′(x) = 3x2 – 6x – 9 A1A1A1
for setting derivative equal to zero M1
3x2 – 6x – 9 = 0
Solving A1
e.g. 3(x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
x = 3 x = –1 A1A1 N3
(b) METHOD 1
g′(x < –1) is positive, g′(x > –1) is negative A1A1
g′(x < 3) is negative, g′(x > 3) is positive A1A1
min when x = 3, max when x = –1 A1A1 N2
METHOD 2
Evidence of using second derivative (M1)
g′′(x) = 6x – 6 A1
g′′(3) = 12 (or positive), g′′(–1) = –12 (or negative) A1A1
min when x = 3, max when x = –1 A1A1 N2

IB Questionbank Maths SL 1
4. (a) f ʹ′(x) = 6x − 5 A1 N1
(b) f ʹ′(p) = 7 (or 6p −5 = 7) M1
p=2 A1 N1
(c) Setting y (2) = f (2) (M1)
Substituting y (2) = 7 × 2 − 9 (= 5), and f (2) = 3 × 22 − 5 × 2
+ k (= k + 2) A1
k+2=5
k=3 A1 N2
5. (a) (i) f ʹ′(x) = –x + 2 A1
(ii) f ʹ′(0) = 2 A1
(b) Gradient of tangent at y-intercept = f ʹ′(0) = 2
⇒ gradient of normal = 1 (= –0.5) A1
2
Finding y-intercept is 2.5 A1
Therefore, equation of the normal is
y – 2.5 = ~(x – 0) (y – 2.5 = –0.5x) M1
(y = –0.5x + 2.5 (AG)
(c) (i) EITHER
solving –0.5x2 + 2x + 2.5 = –0.5x + 2.5 (M1)A1
⇒ x = 0 or x = 5 A1
OR
y

f(x)
g(x)

M1
Curves intersect at x = 0, x = 5 (A1)
So solutions to f (x) = g (x) are x = 0, x = 5 A1

OR
⇒ 0.5x2 – 2.5x = 0 (A1)
⇒ – 0.5x(x – 5) = 0 M1
⇒ x = 0 or x = 5 A1

(ii) Curve and normal intersect when x = 0 or x = 5 (M2)

Other point is when x = 5
⇒ y = –0.5(5) + 2.5 = 0 (so other point (5, 0) A1

6. (a) f ʹ′(x) = 3x2 – 4x – 0 (A1)(A1)(A1)

= 3x2 – 4x (C3)
(b) Gradient = f ʹ′(2) (M1)
=3×4–4×2 (A1)
=4 (A1) (C3)
7. METHOD 1
2
f ( x) = 6 x 3 (A2)
1 ⎛ 4 ⎞
⎜ = 1 = 4 ⎟
−
f ʹ′( x) = 4 x 3
3
(A2)(A2) (C6)
⎜ x ⎟
⎝ x 3 ⎠

IB Questionbank Maths SL 2
 METHOD 2
1
f ( x) = 6( x 2 ) 3 (A1)
2
1 2
−
f ʹ′( x) = 6 × ( x ) × 2 x 3 (A2)(A2)
3
1
−
f ʹ′( x) = 4 x 3 (A1) (C6)
8. f (1) = 12 – 3b + c + 2 = 0 (M1)
f ʹ′(x) = 2x – 3b,
f ʹ′(3) = 6 – 3b = 0 (M1)
3b = 6, b = 2 (A1)
1 – 3(2) + c + 2 = 0, c = 3 (A1)
Note: In the event of no working shown, award (C2) for 1 correct answer.
9. (a) y = e2x cos x
dy
= e2x (–sin x) + cos x (2e2x) (A1)(M1)
dx
= e2x (2 cos x – sin x) (AG)
2
d y
(b) 2
= 2e2x (2 cos x – sin x) + e2x (–2 sin x – cos x) (A1)(A1)
dx
= e2x (4 cos x – 2 sin x – 2 sin x – cos x) (A1)
= e2x (3 cos x – 4 sin x) (A1)
2
d y
(c) (i) At P, =0 (R1)
dx 2
⇒ 3 cos x = 4 sin x (M1)
3
⇒ tan x =
4
3
At P, x = a, ie tan a = (A1)
4
(ii) The gradient at any point e2x (2 cos x – sin x) (M1)
2a
Therefore, the gradient at P = e (2 cos a – sin a)
3 4 3
When tan a = , cos a = , sin a = (A1)(A1)
4 5 5
(by drawing a right triangle, or by calculator)
⎛ 8 3 ⎞
Therefore, the gradient at P = e2a ⎜ − ⎟ (A1)
⎝ 5 5 ⎠
= e2a (A1)
10. (a) (i) p = 1, q = 5 (or p = 5, q = 1) A1A1 N2
(ii) x = 3 (must be an equation) A1 N1
(b) y = (x − 1)(x − 5)
= x2 − 6x + 5 (A1)
= (x − 3)2 − 4 (accept h = 3, k = −4) A1A1 N3
dy
(c) = 2(x − 3) (= 2 x − 6 ) A1A1 N2
dx
dy
(d) When x = 0, =− 6 (A1)
dx
y − 5 = −6(x − 0) (y = −6x + 5 or equivalent) A1 N2
11. (a) evidence of using the product rule M1
f ʹ′(x) = ex(1 − x2) + ex(−2x) A1A1
Note: Award A1 for ex(1− x2), A1 for ex(−2x).
f ʹ′(x) = ex(1 − 2x −x2) AG N0
(b) y=0 A1 N1

IB Questionbank Maths SL 3
 (c) at the local maximum or minimum point
fʹ′ (x) = 0 (ex(1 − 2x − x2) = 0) (M1)
2
⇒ 1 − 2x − x = 0 (M1)
r = −2.41 s = 0.414 A1A1 N2N2

(d) fʹ′(0) = 1 A1
gradient of the normal = −1 A1
evidence of substituting into an equation for a straight line (M1)
correct substitution A1
e.g. y − 1 = −1(x − 0), y − 1 = −x, y = −x + 1
x+y=1 AG N0
12. Attempt to differentiate (M1)
dy
= 2e 2 x A1
dx
dy
At x = 1 = 2e 2 A1
dx
y = e2 A1
Equation of tangent is y – e2 = 2e2 (x – 1) (y = 2e2x – e2) M1A1 N2
13. (a) METHOD 1
f ʹ′(x) = −6 sin 2x + 2 sin x cos x A1A1A1
= −6 sin 2x + sin 2x A1
= −5 sin 2x AG N0
METHOD 2
1 − cos 2 x
sin 2 x = (A1)
2
1 1
f (x) = 3 cos 2x + − cos 2 x A1
2 2
5 1
f (x) = cos 2 x + A1
2 2
⎛ 5 ⎞
f ʹ′(x) = 2 ⎜ ⎟ (− sin 2 x ) A1
⎝ 2 ⎠
f ʹ′(x) = − 5 sin 2x AG N0
π
(b) k = (=1.57 ) A2 N2
2
14. (a) fʹ′ (x) = 3(2x + 7)2 × 2 (A1)(A1)
2 2
= 6 (2x + 7) ( = 24x + 168x + 294) (C2)
(b) gʹ′ (x) = 2 cos (4x)(− sin (4x))(4) (A1)(A1)(A1)(A1)
= −8 cos (4x) sin (4x) (= −4 sin (8x)) (C4)
d 2
15. (a) (x + 1)2
dx
= 2(x2 + 1) × (2x) (M1)(M1) (C2)
2
= 4x(x + 1)
d
(b) (ln(3x – 1))
dx
1
= × (3) (M1)(M1) (C2)
3x − 1
3
=
3x − 1

IB Questionbank Maths SL 4
 1
16. (a) y= 3 − 4 x = (3 − 4 x) 2
1
dy 1 −
= (3 − 4 x) 2 (–4) (A1)(A1) (C2)
dx 2
Note: Award (A1) for each element, to a maximum of [2 marks].
(b) y = esin x
dy
= (cos x)(esin x) (A1)(A1) (C2)
dx
Note: Award (A1) for each element.
x x
d ⎛ 3 ⎞ 1 3
17. ⎜ e ⎟ = e (A1)(A1)
dx ⎜⎝ ⎟⎠ 3
d
(5 cos2 x) = –10 cos x sin x (A1)(A1)(A1)
dx
x
1 3
fʹ′ (x) = e – 10 cos x sin x (A1) (C6)
3
18. (a) (i) f ʹ′(x) = –2e–2x (A1)
(ii) f ʹ′(x) is always negative (R1)
1
– 2× –
(b) (i) y=1+ e 2 (= 1 + e) (A1)
1
⎛ 1 ⎞ – 2× –
(ii) f ʹ′ ⎜ − ⎟ =−2e 2
(= –2e) (A1)
⎝ 2 ⎠
Note: In part (b) the answers do not need to be simplified.
⎛ 1 ⎞
(c) y – (1 + e) = –2e ⎜ x + ⎟ (M1)
⎝ 2 ⎠
y = –2ex + 1 ( y = –5.44 x + 1) (A1)(A1)
(d)
(i) (ii) (iii)

(A1)(A1)
(i)(ii)(iii)
y
8

P 4

2
1

1 x
–1 – 2 1 2

IB Questionbank Maths SL 5
19. (a) (i) range of f is [−1, 1], (−1 ≤ f (x) ≤ 1) A2 N2
(ii) sin3 x = 1 ⇒ sin x = 1 A1
justification for one solution on [0, 2π] R1
π
e.g . x = , unit circle, sketch of sin x
2
1 solution (seen anywhere) A1 N1
(b) f ʹ′(x) = 3 sin2 x cos x A2 N2
20. (a) correctly finding the derivative of e2x, i.e. 2e2x A1
correctly finding the derivative of cos x, i.e. –sin x A1
evidence of using the product rule, seen anywhere M1
e.g. f′(x) = 2e2x cos x – e2x sin x
f′(x) = e2x(2 cos x – sin x) AG N0
(b) evidence of finding f(0) = 1, seen anywhere A1
attempt to find the gradient of f (M1)
e.g. substituting x = 0 into f′(x)
value of the gradient of f A1
e.g. f′(0) = 2, equation of tangent is y = 2x + 1
1
gradient of normal = − (A1)
2
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
y–1= − x ⎜ y = − x + 1⎟ A1 N3
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
(c) evidence of equating correct functions M1
1
e.g. e2x cos x = − x + 1 , sketch showing intersection of graphs
2
x = 1.56 A1 N1
21. (a) π (3.14) (accept (π, 0), (3.14, 0)) A1 N1
(b) (i) For using the product rule (M1)
f ʹ′(x) = ex cos x + ex sin x = ex(cos x + sin x) A1A1 N3
(ii) At B, f ʹ′(x) = 0 A1 N1
(c) f ʺ″(x) = ex cos x − ex sin x + ex sin x + ex cos x A1A1
= 2ex cos x AG N0
(d) (i) At A, f ʺ″(x) = 0 A1 N1
(ii) Evidence of setting up their equation (may be seen in part
(d)(i)) A1
eg 2ex cos x = 0, cos x = 0
π
π
x = (= 1.57 ), y = e 2 (= 4.81) A1A1
2
⎛ π π ⎞
Coordinates are ⎜ , e 2 ⎟ (1.57, 4.81) N2
⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
dy
22. (a) = 3 cos 3 x A1 N1
dx
dy x
(b) = 2
+ tan x accept x sec2 x + tan x A1A1 N2
dx cos x
(c) METHOD 1
Evidence of using the quotient rule (M1)
1
x × − ln x
dy x
= A1A1
dx x2
dy 1 − ln x
= N3
dx x2

IB Questionbank Maths SL 6
 METHOD 2
y = x−1 In x
Evidence of using the product rule (M1)
dy 1
dx
= x −1 × + ln x(− 1) x − 2
x
( ) A1A1

dy 1 ln x
= − N3
dx x 2 x 2
23. (a) fʹ′ (x) = 5e5x A1A1 N2
(b) gʹ′ (x) = 2 cos 2x A1A1 N2
(c) hʹ′ = fgʹ′ + gf ′ (M1)
= e5x (2 cos 2x) + sin 2x (5e5x) A1 N2
24. (a) f ʹ′ (x) = 2xe−x − x2e−x (= (2x − x2)e−x = x (2 − x)e−x) A1A1 N2
(b) Maximum occurs at x = 2 (A1)
Exact maximum value = 4e−2 A1 N2
⎛ 2 4 ± 16 − 8 ⎞
(c)
⎜
( )
For inflexion, f ʺ″(x) = 0 ⎜ x − 4 x + 2 = 0 , x =
2
, etc.⎟
⎟ M1
⎝ ⎠
4+ 8
x=
2
(
=2+ 2 ) A1 N1

1
25. (a) x = or 5 x − 1 = 0 (A1) (N1)
5
(5 x − 1) (6 x) − (3 x 2 ) (5)
(b) f ʹ′( x) = (M1)(A1)
(5 x − 1) 2
30 x 2 − 6 x − 15 x 2
= (may be implied) (A1)
(5 x − 1) 2
15 x 2 − 6 x
= (accept a = 15, b = –6) (A1) (N2)
(5 x − 1) 2
26. (a) x=1 (A1)
(b) Using quotient rule (M1)
( x − 1) 2 (1) − ( x − 2)[2( x − 1)]
Substituting correctly gʹ′(x) = A1
( x − 1) 4
( x − 1) − (2 x − 4)
= (A1)
( x − 1) 3
= 3 − x 3 (Accept a = 3, n = 3) A1
( x − 1)
(c) Recognizing at point of inflexion gʺ″(x) = 0 M1
x=4 A1
Finding corresponding y-value = 2 = 0.222 ie P ⎛⎜ 4, 2 ⎞⎟ A1
9 ⎝ 9 ⎠
27. (a) y=0 (A1)
−2 x
(b) f ʹ′( x) = (A1)(A1)(A1)
(1 + x 2 ) 2
6 x2 − 2
(c) = 0 (or sketch of f ʹ′( x) showing the maximum) (M1)
(1 + x 2 )3
6 x2 − 2 = 0 (A1)
1
x=± (A1)
3
−1
x= (= −0.577) (A1) (N4)
3

IB Questionbank Maths SL 7
 5
28. (a) (i) x=– (A1)
2
3
(ii) y = (A1)
2
(b) By quotient rule (M1)
dy (2 x + 5)(3) − (3 x − 2)(2)
= (A1)
dx (2 x + 5) 2
19
= (A1)
(2 x + 5) 2
(c) There are no points of inflexion. (A1)
29. f ʹ′(x) = 12x2 + 2 A1A1
When x = 1, f (1) = 6 (seen anywhere) (A1)
When x = 1, f ʹ′ (1) = 14 (A1)
Evidence of taking the negative reciprocal (M1)
−1 1
eg x, , − 0.0714
14 − 14
1 ⎛ 1 85 ⎞
Equation is y − 6 = − (x −1) ⎜ y = − x + , y = − 0.0714 x + 6.07 ⎟ A1 N4
14 ⎝ 14 14 ⎠
30. (a) EITHER
Recognizing that tangents parallel to the x-axis mean maximum
and minimum (may be seen on sketch) R1
Sketch of graph of f M1

OR
Evidence of using fʹ′ (x) = 0 M1
Finding fʹ′ (x) = 3x2 − 6x − 24 A1
3x2 − 6x − 24 = 0
Solutions x = −2 or x=4
THEN
Coordinates are P(−2, 29) and Q(4, −79) A1A1 N1N1
(b)

N2
N1

(i) (4, 29) A1 N1

(ii) (−2, −79) A1 N1

IB Questionbank Maths SL 8
 1
31. (i) At x = a, h (x) = a 5
4
1 –5 1
hʹ′ (x) = x => hʹ′ (a) = 4 = gradient of tangent (A1)
5
5a 5

1 1
5
1 1 1 5
=> y – a = 4 (x – a) = 4 x– a (M1)
5
5a 5
5a 5

1
1 4 5
=> y = 4 x+ a (A1)
5
5a 5

(ii) tangent intersects x-axis => y = 0

1
1 4
=> 4 x=– a5 (M1)
5
5a 5

4
⎛ 4 15 ⎞
=> x = 5a ⎜ – a ⎟ = –4a
5
(M1)(AG)
⎜ 5 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
32. y = x2 – x
dy
= 2x – 1 = gradient at any point. (M1)
dx
Line parallel to y = 5x
⇒ 2x – 1 = 5 (M1)
x=3 (A1)
y=6 (A1)
Point (3, 6) (C2)(C2)
33. y = x3 + 1
dy
= 3x2
dx
= Slope of tangent at any point
Therefore at point where x = 1, slope = 3 (M1)
1
⇒ Slope of normal = – (M1)(A1)
3
1
⇒ Equation of normal: y – 2 = – (x – 1)
3
3y – 6 = –x + 1
1 1
x + 3y – 7 = 0 or y = – x+2 (A1) (C4)
3 3
2x + 1
34. (a) (i) f (x) =
x−3
7
=2+ by division or otherwise (M1)
x−3
Therefore as ⎢x ⎢→ ∞ f (x) → 2 (A1)
⇒ y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
2x + 1
OR lim =2 (M1)(A1)
x →∞ x − 3

⇒ y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
OR make x the subject
yx – 3y = 2x + 1
x(y – 2) = 1 + 3y (M1)
1 + 3y
x= (A1)
y−2
⇒ y = 2 is an asymptote (AG)
Note: Accept inexact methods based on the ratio of the coefficients of x.
IB Questionbank Maths SL 9
 (ii) Asymptote at x = 3 (A1)
(iii) P(3, 2) (A1)
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
(b) f (x) = 0 ⇒ x = – ⎜ − , 0 ⎟ (M1)(A1)
2 ⎝ 2 ⎠
1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
x = 0 ⇒ f (x) = – ⎜ 0, − ⎟ (M1)(A1)
3 ⎝ 3 ⎠
Note: These do not have to be in coordinate form.
(c)
y

3 x

(A4)
Note: Asymptotes (A1), Intercepts (A1), “Shape” (A2).
( x − 3)(2) − (2 x + 1)
(d) f ʹ′(x) = (M1)
( x − 3) 2
−7
= (A1)
( x − 3) 2
= Slope at any point
Therefore slope when x = 4 is –7 (A1)
And f (4) = 9 ie S(4, 9) (A1)
⇒ Equation of tangent: y – 9 = –7(x – 4) (M1)
7x + y – 37 = 0 (A1)
−7
(e) at T, = –7 (M1)
( x − 3) 2
⇒ (x – 3)2 = 1 (A1)
x – 3 = ±l (A1)
x = 4 or 2 ⎫ S (4, 9)
⎬ (A1)(A1)
y = 9 or – 5⎭ T (2, − 5)
⎛ 4 + 2 9 − 5 ⎞
(f) Midpoint [ST] = ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
= (3, 2)
= point P (A1)
35. (a) h=3 (A1)
k =2 (A1)
(b) f ( x) = − ( x − 3) 2 + 2
= − x 2 + 6 x − 9 + 2 (must be a correct expression) (A1)
= − x2 + 6x − 7 (AG)
(c) f ʹ′( x) = −2 x + 6 (A2)
(d) (i) tangent gradient = −2 (A1)
1
gradient of L = (A1) (N2)
2

IB Questionbank Maths SL 10
 (ii) EITHER
1
equation of L is y = x+c (M1)
2
c = −1 . (A1)
1
y = x −1
2
OR
1
y − 1 = ( x − 4) (A2) (N2)
2
(iii) EITHER
1
− x2 + 6x − 7 = x −1 (M1)
2
2 x 2 − 11x + 12 = 0 (may be implied) (A1)
(2 x − 3)( x − 4) = 0 (may be implied) (A1)
x = 1.5 (A1) (N3)
OR
1
− x 2 + 6 x − 7 = x − 1 (or a sketch) (M1)
2
x = 1.5 (A3) (N3)
36. y = sin (2x – 1)
dy
= 2 cos (2x – 1) (A1)(A1)
dx
⎛ 1 ⎞
At ⎜ , 0 ⎟ , the gradient of the tangent = 2 cos 0 (A1)
⎝ 2 ⎠
=2 (A1) (C4)
37. (a) (i) p = −2 q = 4 (or p = 4, q = −2 ) (A1)(A1) (N1)(N1)
(ii) y = a ( x + 2)( x − 4)
8 = a (6 + 2)(6 − 4) (M1)
8 = 16a
1
a= (A1) (N1)
2
1
(iii) y = ( x + 2)( x − 4)
2
1
y = ( x 2 − 2 x − 8)
2
1 2
y = x −x−4 (A1) (N1)
2
dy
(b) (i) = x −1 (A1) (N1)
dx
(ii) x −1 = 7 (M1)
x = 8, y = 20 ( P is (8, 20) ) (A1)(A1) (N2)
(c) (i) when x = 4, gradient of tangent is 4 – 1 = 3 (may be implied) (A1)
1
gradient of normal is − (A1)
3
1 ⎛ 1 4 ⎞
y − 0 = − ( x − 4) ⎜ y = − x + ⎟ (A1) (N3)
3 ⎝ 3 3 ⎠
1 2 1 4
(ii) x − x − 4 = − x + (or sketch/graph) (M1)
2 3 3
1 2 2 16
x − x− =0
2 3 3
2
3x − 4 x − 32 = 0 (may be implied) (A1)
IB Questionbank Maths SL 11
 (3x + 8)( x − 4) = 0
8
x = − or x = 4
3
8
x = − (−2.67) (A1) (N2)
3
38. (a)
y

p q r x

A1A1 N2
Note: Award A1 for negative gradient throughout, A1 for x-intercept of q. It need not be linear.
(b)
x-coordinate
(i) Maximum point on f r A1 N1
(ii) Inflexion point on f q A1 N1
(c) METHOD 1
Second derivative is zero, second derivative changes sign. R1R1 N2
METHOD 2
There is a maximum on the graph of the first derivative. R2 N2
39. (a)
A B E
f ʹ′(x) negative 0 negative
A1A1A1 N3
(b)
A B E
f ʹ′ʹ′(x) positive positive negative
A1A1A1 N3
40. (a)
Interval gʹ′ gʹ′ʹ′
a<x<b positive positive
e<x<f negative negative
A1A1
A1A1 N4
(b)
Conditions Point
gʹ′ (x) = 0, gʹ′ʹ′ (x) < 0 C
gʹ′ (x) < 0, gʹ′ʹ′ (x) = 0 D
A1 N1
A1 N1
41. (a) x=1 (A1)
(b) (i) f (–1000) = 2.01 (A1)
(ii) y = 2 (A1)
( x − 1) 2 (4 x − 13) − 2( x − 1)(2 x 2 − 13 x + 20)
(c) f ʹ′(x) = (A1)(A1)
( x − 1) 4
(4 x 2 − 17 x + 13) − (4 x 2 − 26 x + 40)
= (A1)
( x − 1) 3
9 x − 27
= (AG)
( x − 1) 3
IB Questionbank Maths SL 12
 (d) f ′(3) = 0 ⇒ stationary (or turning) point (R1)
18
f ʺ″(3) = > 0 ⇒ minimum (R1)
16
(e) Point of inflexion ⇒ f ʺ″(x) = 0 ⇒ x = 4 (A1)
x=4⇒y=0 ⇒ Point of inflexion = (4, 0) (A1) N2
42.
y

(1, 2)
2

0 x
–2 –1 1 2

–1
(0, –1)

–2

–3

–4

A1A1A1A1A1A1 N6
Notes: On interval [− 2,0], award A1 for decreasing, A1 for concave up.
On interval [0,1], award A1 for increasing, A1 for concave up.
On interval [1,2], award A1 for change of concavity, A1 for concave down.
43. (a) x=1 (A1)
EITHER
The gradient of g ( x) goes from positive to negative (R1)
OR
g ( x) goes from increasing to decreasing (R1)
OR
when x = 1, g ʹ′ʹ′( x) is negative (R1)
(b) −3 < x < −2 and 1 < x < 3 (A1)
g ʹ′( x) is negative (R1)
1
(c) x=− (A1)
2
EITHER
g ʹ′ʹ′( x) changes from positive to negative (R1)
OR
concavity changes (R1)
(d)

–3 –2 –1 1 2 3

(A3)
IB Questionbank Maths SL 13
44. (a) intercepts when f (x) = 0 (M1)
(1.54, 0) (4.13, 0) (accept x = 1.54 x = 4.13) A1A1 N3
(b)
y
3
2
1

–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x
–1
–2
–3
–4
–5
–6
–7
–8
–9
–10

A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for passing through approximately (0, − 4), A1 for correct shape, A1 for a range of
approximately −9 to 2.3.
(c) gradient is 2 A1 N1
45. (a) (i) f′(x) = 0 A1 N1
(ii) METHOD 1
f′(x) < 0 to the left of C, f′(x) > 0 to the right of C R1R1 N2
METHOD 2
f″(x) > 0 R2 N2
(b) A A1 N1
(c) METHOD 1
f″(x) = 0 R2
Discussion of sign change of f″(x) R1
e.g. f″(x) < 0 to the left of B and f″(x) > 0 to the right of B; f″(x) changes
sign either side of B
B is a point of inflexion AG N0
METHOD 2
B is a minimum on the graph of the derivative f′ R2
Discussion of sign change of f″(x) R1
e.g. f″(x) < 0 to the left of B and f″(x) > 0 to the right of B; f″(x) changes
sign either side of B
B is a point of inflexion AG N0
46. (a)
y

Q
1
P
R

x
1 2 3

A1A1A1 N3
Note: Award A1 for the shape of the curve,
A1 for correct domain,
A1 for labelling both points P and Q in approximately correct positions.
IB Questionbank Maths SL 14
 (b) (i) Correctly finding derivative of 2x + 1 ie 2 (A1)
Correctly finding derivative of e−x ie −e−x (A1)
Evidence of using the product rule (M1)
f ʹ′ (x) = 2e−x + (2x + 1)(−e−x) A1
= (1 − 2x)e−x AG N0
(ii) At Q, f ʹ′(x) = 0 (M1)
x = 0.5, y = 2e−0.5 A1A1
Q is (0.5, 2e−0.5) N3
(c) 1 ≤ k < 2e−0.5 A2 N2
(d) Using f ʺ″ (x) = 0 at the point of inflexion M1
e−x (−3 + 2x) = 0
This equation has only one root. R1
So f has only one point of inflexion. AG N0
47. (a) x=4 (A1)
gʺ″ changes sign at x = 4 or concavity changes (R1)
(b) x=2 (A1)
EITHER gʹ′ goes from negative to positive (R1)
OR gʹ′ (2) = 0 and gʺ″ (2) is positive (R1)
(c)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
P

(A2)(A1)(A1)
Note: Award (A2) for a suitable cubic curve through (4, 0), (A1) for M at x = 2, (A1) for P at (4, 0).
48. (a) (i) 0 A1 N1
1
(ii) − A1 N1
2
(b)
y
5

3
2
1

x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
–2

–3
–4
–5 A2 N2
(c)
y
5

3
2
1

x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5
–1
–2

–3
–4
–5
A2 N2
IB Questionbank Maths SL 15
49.
Graph Diagram
(a) fʹ′ (x) I A3 N3
(b) f ʺ″ (x) IV A3 N3
50.
y

(A2)(A1)(A1)(A2) (C6)
Note: Award A2 for correct shape (approximately parabolic), A1 A1 for intercepts at 0 and
4, A2 for minimum between x = 1.5 and x = 2.5.
51.
Function Derivative diagram
f1 (d) (AG)
f2 (e) (A2)
f3 (b) (A2)
f4 (a) (A2)
(C6)
52. METHOD 1
l + 2w = 60 (M1)
l = 60 − 2w (A1)
A = w(60 − 2w) (= 60w − 2w2) (A1)
dA
= 60 − 4w (A1)
dw
dA
Using =0 (60 − 4w = 0) (M1)
dw
w = 15 (A1) (C6)
METHOD 2
w + 2l = 60 (A1)
w = 60 − 2l (A1)
A = l(60 − 2l) (= 60l − 2l2) (A1)
dA
= 60 − 4l (A1)
dl
dA
Using =0 (60 − 4l = 0) (M1)
dl
l = 15
w = 30 (A1) (C6)
f (5 + h) − f (5) (5.1) 3 − 5 3
53. (a) =
h 0.1
= 76.51 (or 76.5 to 3 sf) (A1) (C1)
f (5 + h) − f (5)
(b) lim = f ʹ′(5) (M1)
h →0 h
= 3(5)2 (A1)
= 75 (A1) (C3)

IB Questionbank Maths SL 16