LESSON PLAN FOR THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP SS2 (WEEK 2)

Date: 4th July 2024

Subject: Physics

Time duration: 45 mins

Topic: ENERGY

Class: SS 2

Average age: 17

Sex: Mixed

Specific objective: the objective for this study is that at the end of this teaching the student should
be able to:

 Define energy and understand its different forms.

 Describe the principle of conservation of energy.
 Analyze and discuss energy concepts through educational videos.
 Identify and describe different sources of energy.

Entry behavior: Prepare and share the lesson materials and resources on the online classroom
platform. the teacher ensure all students have access to the required software and platform.

Instructional materials: Computer or projector

Internet access

Educational video clips (links provided in the plan)

Energy-related videos

Whiteboard and markers

Calculators

Content development:

Step I: introduction

Hook: Start with a short, engaging video clip illustrating various types of energy in everyday life
(e.g., Types of Energy , - YouTube).
Discussion: Briefly discuss what students observed in the video. Ask questions like, "What types
of energy and power did you notice?" and "How do they affect our daily lives?"

What is Energy.

Energy is a fundamental concept in science and can be understood as the capacity to do work or
produce change.

It exists in various forms, including:

Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion. For example, a moving car or flowing water has kinetic
energy.

Potential Energy: Stored energy based on an object's position or state. For example, a book on a
high shelf has gravitational potential energy.

Thermal Energy: The internal energy of an object due to the motion of its atoms and molecules,
often perceived as heat.

Chemical Energy: Stored in the bonds of chemical compounds and released or absorbed during a
chemical reaction.

Electrical Energy: Energy from the movement of electrons in a conductor.

Nuclear Energy: Energy released during nuclear reactions, such as fission or fusion.
Teacher Activity: Introduce the topic of energy and the objective of the lesson . play a short video
clip illustrating the meaning of power work and energy.

Student Activity: The student wach and take notes as the video plays

Step II: The principle of conservation of energy.

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an
isolated system. Instead, energy can only be transformed from one form to another. This principle
is fundamental in physics and underpins many natural processes.

Here’s how it works:

1. **Transformation**: Energy can change forms. For example, when you eat food, the chemical
energy stored in the food is converted into kinetic energy for movement and thermal energy to
maintain body temperature.
2. **Constant Total**: In an isolated system, the total amount of energy remains constant, even
though it might change forms. For instance, in a pendulum, potential energy converts to kinetic
energy as it swings downward and back to potential energy as it swings upward.

3. **Applications**: The conservation of energy principle is used to solve problems in various

fields, from engineering and chemistry to biology and astronomy. It helps explain processes like
why a roller coaster speeds up as it descends and slows down as it ascends, or how a car engine
converts chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy for movement

This principle is crucial for understanding and predicting how systems behave and interact in both
classical and modern physics.

Teachers Activities: Present slides on the different forms where by energy can be conserved .
Show video clips demonstrating each type.

Student Activities: Watch and take notes . Participate in a quick question and answer session to
clarify any doubts.
Step III: Analyze and discuss energy concepts through educational videos.

Kinetic and Potential Energy

Video Content: Demonstrations of kinetic and potential energy through experiments like
pendulums, roller coasters, or bouncing balls.

Analysis:

Visuals: Analyze the video’s use of animations or real-life footage to show how potential energy
converts into kinetic energy and vice versa.

Discussion Points: Evaluate how effectively the video illustrates the relationship between these
two forms of energy. Consider whether the explanations are clear and if the visual aids enhance
understanding.

3. Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer

Video Content: Explains concepts like conduction, convection, and radiation through experiments
and real-world examples.

Analysis:

Visuals: Pay attention to demonstrations of heat transfer in various materials and environments.

Discussion Points: Discuss how well the video explains the mechanisms of heat transfer and
whether it includes practical examples that illustrate everyday applications.

4. Energy Conservation in Mechanical Systems

Video Content: Showcases experiments with pendulums, springs, or other mechanical systems to
demonstrate energy conservation.

Analysis:

Visuals: Assess the clarity of animations or experimental setups that illustrate the conservation of
mechanical energy.

Discussion Points: Reflect on how the video explains the principle of conservation of energy in
mechanical systems and whether it highlights any real-life applications or limitations.

5. Energy Transformations in Chemical Reactions

Video Content: Covers exothermic and endothermic reactions with visual demonstrations of
energy changes.
Analysis:

Visuals: Look for clear depictions of chemical reactions, including color changes, temperature
changes, and energy releases or absorptions.

Discussion Points: Discuss how effectively the video shows the concept of energy transformation
in chemical reactions and if it provides a clear explanation of how energy is conserved during these
processes.

6. Renewable and Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Video Content: Explains different types of energy sources, including fossil fuels, solar, wind, and
hydroelectric power.

Analysis:

Visuals: Evaluate the quality of the video’s representation of various energy sources and their
environmental impacts.

Discussion Points: Consider how the video discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different
energy sources and whether it provides a balanced view of sustainability and efficiency.

Teacher activities: The teacher explain the concepts of energy

Student Activities: Take notes on concepts . Participate in an interactive discussion on how these
concepts apply to everyday situations.

STEP IV: Different sources of energy

Energy sources are the origins from which energy is derived to perform work or produce change.
They are broadly categorized into two main types: renewable and non-renewable sources. Here’s
a detailed look at each type and the specific sources within them:
1. Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Non-renewable energy sources are those that exist in finite quantities and are depleted as they are
used. They are typically derived from fossil fuels and nuclear materials.

Fossil Fuels

1.Coal

Description: A black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is rich in carbon and hydrocarbons.

Uses: Primarily used for electricity generation and industrial processes.

Environmental Impact: High greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants.

2.Oil (Petroleum)

Description: A liquid fossil fuel derived from ancient marine organisms.

Uses: Fuels for vehicles (gasoline, diesel), heating, and as a raw material in petrochemical
industries.

Environmental Impact: Significant emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants; oil spills.
Natural Gas

Description: A fossil fuel composed mainly of methane (CH4).

Uses: Electricity generation, heating, and as an industrial feedstock.

Environmental Impact: Lower carbon emissions compared to coal and oil, but still contributes to
greenhouse gas emissions.

Nuclear Energy

Uranium

Description: A heavy metal used in nuclear reactors for its fissile properties.

Uses: Generates electricity through nuclear fission reactions.

Environmental Impact: Produces radioactive waste; potential for catastrophic accidents.

Thorium

Description: An alternative to uranium in nuclear reactors, with potential for safer and more
efficient energy production.

Uses: Research and development in nuclear reactors.

Environmental Impact: Less waste and fewer proliferation risks compared to uranium.

2. Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources are those that are naturally replenished on a human timescale and are
generally more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Solar Energy

Photovoltaic (PV) Cells

Description: Devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials.

Uses: Residential, commercial, and utility-scale power generation.

Advantages: Abundant and clean; reduces electricity bills.

Solar Thermal Energy

Description: Uses sunlight to produce heat, typically for water heating or power generation.

Uses: Solar water heaters, solar thermal power plants.

Advantages: Reduces reliance on fossil fuels for heating.

Wind Energy

Wind Turbines

Description: Devices that convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical power or electricity.

Uses: Electricity generation in wind farms.

Advantages: Clean and abundant; scalable from small to large installations.

Hydropower

Dams

Description: Structures built to store water in a reservoir and release it to generate electricity.

Uses: Large-scale electricity generation.

Advantages: Reliable and provides base-load power.

Run-of-the-River Systems

Description: Generate power without large reservoirs, using the natural flow of rivers.

Uses: Small-scale, environmentally less intrusive electricity generation.

Advantages: Less environmental impact compared to large dams.

Teacher activities: Introduce and explain the sources of energy

Student Activities: Take notes on the sources of energy.

Conclusion

Summarize the key concept of energy and highlight key factors in each laws

Assignment

1. What is Energy
2. State the law of conservation of energy
3. What is kinetic Energy
4. What is Potential energy
 LESSON PLAN FOR THE CONROL GROUP SS2 (WEEK 2)

Date: 4th July 2024

Subject: Physics

Time duration: 45mins

Topic: ENERGY

Class: SS 2

Average age: 17

Sex: Mixed

Specific objective: the objective for this study is that at the end of this teaching the student should
be able to:

 Define energy and understand its various forms.

 Explain the Law of Conservation of Energy.
 Identify and describe different sources of energy.
 Understand the concept of energy transformation

Entrey behavior . Introduce the topic of Energy in physics and outline the objectives of the lesson.

Instructional materials: Demonstration equipment (e.g., a pendulum, a battery, a light bulb, etc.)
,Whiteboard and markers, cardboard Illustrating diagrams .

Content development:

Step I: introduction

Definition of Energy:

Energy is a fundamental concept in science and can be understood as the capacity to do work or
produce change.

Forms of Energy:

Kinetic Energy: Energy of motion.

Potential Energy: Stored energy due to position or configuration.

Thermal Energy: Energy related to temperature and heat.

Chemical Energy: Stored in chemical bonds.

Electrical Energy: Flow of electric charge.

Radiant Energy: Energy carried by light.

Teacher Activities: write on the board and give explanation to the students

Student Activities: takes notes and ask questions regarding the topic.

Step II: The principle of conservation of energy.

The principle of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed in an
isolated system. Instead, energy can only be transformed from one form to another. This principle
is fundamental in physics and underpins many natural processes.

Here’s how it works:

1. Transformation: Energy can change forms. For example, when you eat food, the chemical
energy stored in the food is converted into kinetic energy for movement and thermal energy to
maintain body temperature.

2. Constant Total: In an isolated system, the total amount of energy remains constant, even though
it might change forms. For instance, in a pendulum, potential energy converts to kinetic energy as
it swings downward and back to potential energy as it swings upward.

3. Applications: The conservation of energy principle is used to solve problems in various fields,
from engineering and chemistry to biology and astronomy. It helps explain processes like why a
roller coaster speeds up as it descends and slows down as it ascends, or how a car engine converts
chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy for movement

This principle is crucial for understanding and predicting how systems behave and interact in both
classical and modern physics.

Teachers Activities: show them a cardboard paper of images illustrating each types energy
conservation.

Student Activities: Watch and take notes on the different types of energy conservation.

Step III: Different sources of energy

Energy sources are the origins from which energy is derived to perform work or produce change.
They are broadly categorized into two main types: renewable and non-renewable sources. Here’s
a detailed look at each type and the specific sources within them:
1. Non-Renewable Energy Sources

Non-renewable energy sources are those that exist in finite quantities and are depleted as they are
used. They are typically derived from fossil fuels and nuclear materials.

Fossil Fuels

1.Coal

Description: A black or brownish-black sedimentary rock that is rich in carbon and hydrocarbons.

Uses: Primarily used for electricity generation and industrial processes.

Environmental Impact: High greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants.

2 .Oil (Petroleum)

Description: A liquid fossil fuel derived from ancient marine organisms.

Uses: Fuels for vehicles (gasoline, diesel), heating, and as a raw material in petrochemical
industries.

Environmental Impact: Significant emissions of carbon dioxide and pollutants; oil spills.

Natural Gas

Description: A fossil fuel composed mainly of methane (CH4).

Uses: Electricity generation, heating, and as an industrial feedstock.

Environmental Impact: Lower carbon emissions compared to coal and oil, but still contributes to
greenhouse gas emissions.

Nuclear Energy

Uranium

Description: A heavy metal used in nuclear reactors for its fissile properties.

Uses: Generates electricity through nuclear fission reactions.

Environmental Impact: Produces radioactive waste; potential for catastrophic accidents.

Thorium

Description: An alternative to uranium in nuclear reactors, with potential for safer and more
efficient energy production.

Uses: Research and development in nuclear reactors.

Environmental Impact: Less waste and fewer proliferation risks compared to uranium.

2. Renewable Energy Sources

Renewable energy sources are those that are naturally replenished on a human timescale and are
generally more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Solar Energy

Photovoltaic (PV) Cells

Description: Devices that convert sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor materials.

Uses: Residential, commercial, and utility-scale power generation.

Advantages: Abundant and clean; reduces electricity bills.

Solar Thermal Energy

Description: Uses sunlight to produce heat, typically for water heating or power generation.

Uses: Solar water heaters, solar thermal power plants.

Advantages: Reduces reliance on fossil fuels for heating.

Wind Energy

Wind Turbines

Description: Devices that convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical power or electricity.

Uses: Electricity generation in wind farms.

Advantages: Clean and abundant; scalable from small to large installations.

Hydropower

Dams

Description: Structures built to store water in a reservoir and release it to generate electricity.

Uses: Large-scale electricity generation.

Advantages: Reliable and provides base-load power.

Run-of-the-River Systems

Description: Generate power without large reservoirs, using the natural flow of rivers.
Uses: Small-scale, environmentally less intrusive electricity generation.

Advantages: Less environmental impact compared to large dams.

Teacher activities: Introduce and explain the sources of energy

Student Activities: Take notes on the sources of energy.

Conclusion

Summarize the key concept of energy and highlight key factors in each laws

STEP IV. concept of energy transformation.

Energy is a fundamental concept in science and can be understood as the capacity to do work or
produce change.

It exists in various forms, including:

Kinetic Energy: The energy of motion. For example, a moving car or flowing water has kinetic
energy.

Potential Energy: Stored energy based on an object's position or state. For example, a book on a
high shelf has gravitational potential energy.

Thermal Energy: The internal energy of an object due to the motion of its atoms and molecules,
often perceived as heat.

Chemical Energy: Stored in the bonds of chemical compounds and released or absorbed during a
chemical reaction.

Electrical Energy: Energy from the movement of electrons in a conductor.

Nuclear Energy: Energy released during nuclear reactions, such as fission or fusion.

Teacher activities: Introduce and explain the sources of energy

Student Activities: Take notes on the sources of energy.

Conclusion

Summarize the key concept of energy and highlight key factors in each laws
Assignment

1. What is Energy
2. State the law of conservation of energy
3. What is kinetic Energy
4. What is Potential energy