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Java Fundamentals

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Java Fundamentals

Uploaded by

Mallikharjuna Chowdary Solo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Java Fundamentals

Introduction to Java
Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation

dependencies as possible.

It is widely used for developing applications for web, mobile, desktop, and more.

Key Features:

- Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA).

- Platform-independent using JVM (Java Virtual Machine).

- Strong community support.

Steps to Set Up Java:

1. Download and install the Java Development Kit (JDK).

2. Install an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) like IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, or VS Code.

3. Verify installation by running `java -version` and `javac -version` in the terminal.

First Program: Hello, World!

```java

public class HelloWorld {

public static void main(String[] args) {

System.out.println("Hello, World!");

```

Data Types and Variables


Java has two main categories of data types:

1. Primitive Types: byte, short, int, long, float, double, char, boolean.

2. Non-Primitive Types: String, Arrays, Classes.

Example:

```java

int age = 25;

double salary = 50000.50;

boolean isJavaFun = true;

```

Control Statements
Control the flow of a program using:

1. Conditional Statements: if, if-else, switch.

2. Loops: for, while, do-while.

3. Jump Statements: break, continue.

Example:

```java

if (age > 18) {

System.out.println("You are an adult.");

} else {

System.out.println("You are a minor.");

```

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)


Key Principles of OOP:
1. Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods together.

2. Inheritance: Sharing behavior between classes.

3. Polymorphism: One interface, multiple implementations.

4. Abstraction: Hiding details and showing essentials.

Example:

```java

class Animal {

void sound() {

System.out.println("This is an animal sound.");

class Dog extends Animal {

@Override

void sound() {

System.out.println("Bark");

```

Exception Handling
Handle runtime errors using try-catch blocks:

```java

try {

int result = 10 / 0;

} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero.");

} finally {

System.out.println("Execution finished.");

```

Data Structures
Arrays, ArrayLists, and LinkedLists are commonly used in Java.

Array Example:

```java

int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4};

for (int num : numbers) {

System.out.println(num);

```

File Handling
Read and write files using the java.io package.

Example:

```java

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileWriter;

import java.io.IOException;

public class FileExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {


try {

FileWriter writer = new FileWriter("example.txt");

writer.write("Hello, File!");

writer.close();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

```

Multi-threading
Run multiple threads using the Thread class or Runnable interface.

Example:

```java

class MyThread extends Thread {

public void run() {

System.out.println("Thread is running.");

public class Main {

public static void main(String[] args) {

MyThread thread = new MyThread();

thread.start();

}
}

```

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