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Iwt RGPV Notes

These documents contain important topics about iwt which are necessary for rgpv university exam

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30 views8 pages

Iwt RGPV Notes

These documents contain important topics about iwt which are necessary for rgpv university exam

Uploaded by

Nishita Swamy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HTML | <frame> Tag

HTML Frames are used to divide the web browser window into multiple sections where each section can be loaded separately. A frameset
tag is the collection of frames in the browser window.
Creating Frames: Instead of using body tag, use frameset tag in HTML to use frames in web browser. But this Tag is deprecated in HTML 5.
The frameset tag is used to define how to divide the browser. Each frame is indicated by frame tag and it basically defines which HTML
document shall open into the frame. To define the horizontal frames use row attribute of frame tag in HTML document and to define the
vertical frames use col attribute of frame tag in HTML document.

HTML frameset Tag


The <frameset> tag in HTML is used to define the frameset. The <frameset> element contains one or more frame elements. It is used to
specify the number of rows and columns in frameset with their pixel of spaces. Each element can hold a separate document.
Note: The <frameset> tag is not supported in HTML5.
Syntax:
<frameset cols = "pixels|%|*">
Attributes of Frameset tag:
 cols: The cols attribute is used to create vertical frames in web browser. This attribute is basically used to define the no of columns and
its size inside the frameset tag.
The size or width of the column is set in the frameset in the following ways:
 Use absolute value in pixel
Example:
<frameset cols = "300, 400, 300">
 Use percentage value
Example:
<frameset cols = "30%, 40%, 30%">
 Use wild card values:
Example:
<frameset cols = "30%, *, 30%">
In the above example * will take the remaining percentage for creating vertical frame.

 rows: The rows attribute is used to create horizontal frames in web browser. This attribute is used to define no of rows and its size
inside the frameset tag.
The size of rows or height of each row use the following ways:
 Use absolute value in pixel
Example:
<frameset rows = "300, 400, 300">
 Use percentage value
Example:
<frameset rows = "30%, 40%, 30%">
 Use wild card values
Example:
<frameset rows = "30%, *, 30%">
In the above example * will take the remaining percentage for creating horizontal frame.

 border: This attribute of frameset tag defines the width of the border of each frame in pixels. Zero value is used for no border.
 frameborder: This attribute of frameset tag is used to specify whether a three-dimensional border should be displayed between the
frames or not for this use two values 0 and 1, where 0 defines no border and value 1 signifies for yes there will be a border.
 framespacing: This attribute of frameset tag is used to specify the amount of spacing between the frames in a frameset. This can take
any integer value as a parameter which basically denotes the value in pixel.

Advantages:
 It allows the user to view multiple documents within a single Web page.
 It load pages from different servers in a single frameset.
 The older browsers that do not support frames can be addressed using the tag.
Disadvantages: Due to some of its disadvantage it is rarely used in web browser.
 Frames can make the production of website complicated.
 A user is unable to bookmark any of the Web pages viewed within a frame.
 The browser’s back button might not work as the user hopes.

 The use of too many frames can put a high workload on the server.
 Many old web browser doesn’t support frames.
Note: This tag is not supported in HTML5.

Here is a simple frame document:


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A simple frameset document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET cols="20%, 80%">
<FRAMESET rows="100, 200">
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame1.html">
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame2.gif">
</FRAMESET>
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame3.html">
<NOFRAMES>
<P>This frameset document contains:
<UL>
<LI><A href="contents_of_frame1.html">Some neat contents</A>
<LI><IMG src="contents_of_frame2.gif" alt="A neat image">
<LI><A href="contents_of_frame3.html">Some other neat contents</A>
</UL>
</NOFRAMES>
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>

that might create a frame layout something like this:


---------------------------------------
| | |
| | |
| Frame 1 | |
| | |
| | |
|---------| |
| | Frame 3 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| Frame 2 | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
---------------------------------------

If the user agent can't display frames or is configured not to, it will render the
contents of the NOFRAMES element.

Example:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A simple frameset document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET cols="20%, 80%">
<FRAMESET rows="100, 200">

<FRAME src="file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/p2.htm">
<FRAME src="C:\Users\SONY\Desktop\balloon.png">

</FRAMESET>
<FRAME src="file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/p3.htm">

<NOFRAMES>
<P>This frameset document contains:
<UL>
<LI><A href="contents_of_frame1.html">Some neat contents</A>
<LI><IMG src="contents_of_frame2.gif" alt="A neat image">
<LI><A href="contents_of_frame3.html">Some other neat contents</A>
</UL>
</NOFRAMES>
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>

Setting the initial contents of a frame

The src attribute specifies the initial document the frame will contain.

The following example HTML document:


<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>A frameset document</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET cols="33%,33%,33%">
<FRAMESET rows="*,200">
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame1.html">
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame2.gif">
</FRAMESET>
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame3.html">
<FRAME src="contents_of_frame4.html">
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>

should create a frame layout something like this:


------------------------------------------
|Frame 1 |Frame 3 |Frame 4 |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
-------------| | |
|Frame 2 | | |
| | | |
| | | |
------------------------------------------

and cause the user agent to load each file into a separate view.

The contents of a frame must not be in the same document as the frame's
definition

Example:

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<HTML>

<HEAD>

<TITLE>A simple frameset document</TITLE>

</HEAD>

<FRAMESET cols="20%, 80%, 20%">

<FRAMESET rows="100, 200">

<FRAME src="file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/p2.htm">

<FRAME src="C:\Users\SONY\Desktop\balloon.png">

</FRAMESET>
<FRAME src="file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/p3.htm">

<FRAME src="file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/p1.html">

<NOFRAMES>

<P>This frameset document contains:

<UL>

<LI><A href="contents_of_frame1.html">Some neat contents</A>

<LI><IMG src="contents_of_frame2.gif" alt="A neat image">

<LI><A href="contents_of_frame3.html">Some other neat contents</A>

</UL>

</NOFRAMES>

</FRAMESET>

</HTML>

WEB BROWSER ARCHITECTURE

A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide
Web, including Web pages, images, video and other files. As a client/server model, the browser is
the client run on a computer that contacts the Web server and requests information. The
Web server sends the information back to the Web browser which displays the results on the
computer or other Internet-enabled device that supports a browser.

High-level architecture of browser


The below image shows the main components of a web browser:
2.1 Main components of the browser

The User Interface: The user interface is the space where User interacts with the browser. It
includes the address bar, back and next buttons, home button, refresh and stop, bookmark
option, etc. Every other part, except the window where requested web page is displayed,
comes under it.

The Browser Engine: The browser engine works as a bridge between the User interface and
the rendering engine. According to the inputs from various user interfaces, it queries and
manipulates the rendering engine
The Rendering Engine: The rendering engine, as the name suggests is responsible for
rendering the requested web page on the browser screen. The rendering engine interprets the
HTML, XML documents and images that are formatted using CSS and generates the layout
that is displayed in the User Interface. However, using plugins or extensions, it can display
other types data also. Different browsers user different rendering engines:

Networking: Component of the browser which retrieves the URLs using the common internet
protocols of HTTP or FTP. The networking component handles all aspects of Internet
communication and security. The network component may implement a cache of retrieved
documents in order to reduce network traffic.

JavaScript Interpreter: It is the component of the browser which interprets and executes the
javascript code embedded in a website. The interpreted results are sent to the rendering
engine for display. If the script is external then first the resource is fetchedfrom the network.
Parser keeps on hold until the script is executed.

UI Backend: UI backend is used for drawing basic widgets like combo boxes and windows.
This backend exposes a generic interface that is not platform specific. It underneath uses
operating system user interface methods.

WEB SITE STRUCTURE


Structuring your website is crucial for both its usability and findability. Many sites lack a sound
structure to guide visitors to the information they’re looking for. Having a clear site structure also
leads to a better understanding of your site by Google, so it’s incredibly important for your SEO.
Let’s take a closer look at how this works.

Ideal site structure

Let’s start by looking at an ideal situation: if you’re starting from scratch, how should you organize
your site? We think a well-organized website looks like a pyramid with a number oflevels:

1. Homepage

2. Categories (or sections)

3. Subcategories (only for larger sites)

4. Individual pages and posts

The homepage should be all the way at the top. Then, you have some sections or category pages
beneath it. You should be able to file all of your content under one of these categories. If your site
is larger, you can divide these sections or categories into subcategories as well. Beneath your
categories or subcategories are your individual pages and posts.

2.2 Website
OVERVIEW AND FEATURE OF HTML5

Introduction:
Introduction: HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. It is used to design web pages using a markup language. HTML is an
abbreviation of Hypertext and Markup language. Hypertext defines the link between the web pages. The markup language is used to define
the text document within the tag which defines the structure of web pages. HTML 5 is the fifth and current version of HTML. It has improved
the markup available for documents and has introduced application programming interfaces (API) and Document Object Model(DOM).

Features:
 It has introduced new multimedia features which support audio and video controls by using <audio> and <video> tags.There are
new graphics elements including vector graphics and tags.
 Enrich semantic content by including <header> <footer>, <article>, <section> and <figure> are added.
 Drag and Drop- The user can grab an object and drag it further dropping it to a new location.
 Geo-location services- It helps to locate the geographical location of a client.
 Web storage facility which provides web application methods to store data on the web browser.
 Uses SQL database to store data offline.
 Allows drawing various shapes like triangle, rectangle, circle, etc.
 Capable of handling incorrect syntax.
 Easy DOCTYPE declaration i.e. <!doctype html>
 Easy character encoding i.e. <meta charset=”UTF-8″>

Advantages:
 All browsers supported
 More device friendly.
 Easy to use and implement.
 HTML 5 in integration with CSS, JavaScript, etc. can help build beautiful websites.

Disadvantages:
 Long codes have to be written which is time consuming.
 Only modern browsers support it.

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