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Class12 Physics Formulas

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58 views3 pages

Class12 Physics Formulas

Uploaded by

bijaybashyal13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Physics: Important Formulas and Short Tricks

### Electrostatics

1. Coulomb's Law: F = (1 / (4*pi*epsilon_0)) * (q1*q2 / r^2)

2. Electric Field (E): E = F / q = (1 / (4*pi*epsilon_0)) * (q / r^2)

3. Electric Potential (V): V = W / q = (1 / (4*pi*epsilon_0)) * (q / r)

4. Capacitance (C): C = Q / V, For parallel plate: C = epsilon_0*A / d

### Current Electricity

1. Ohm's Law: V = IR

2. Resistance in Series: Rs = R1 + R2 + ...

3. Resistance in Parallel: 1/Rp = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + ...

4. Power (P): P = VI = I^2*R = V^2/R

### Magnetism

1. Magnetic Force: F = qvB sin(theta)

2. Torque on Current Loop: tau = NIAB sin(theta)

3. Biot-Savart Law: B = (mu_0 / (4*pi)) * (I dl sin(theta) / r^2)

4. Ampere's Circuital Law: Integral(B*dl) = mu_0*I

### Electromagnetic Induction

1. Faraday's Law: e = -dPhi/dt

2. Induced Current: I = e / R

3. Self-Inductance: L = (mu_0*N^2*A) / l

### Optics
1. Lens Maker's Formula: 1/f = (n - 1) * (1/R1 - 1/R2)

2. Mirror Formula: 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

3. Magnification: m = -v/u

### Modern Physics

1. Photoelectric Effect: KE = h*nu - Phi

2. Einstein's Relation: E = mc^2

3. De Broglie Wavelength: lambda = h / mv

### Rotational Dynamics

1. Torque (tau): tau = r × F = rF sin(theta)

2. Moment of Inertia (I): Examples: Solid Sphere = (2/5)MR^2

3. Angular Momentum: L = I*omega

4. Rotational Kinetic Energy: KE = (1/2)*I*omega^2

### Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

1. Displacement: x(t) = A sin(omega*t + phi)

2. Velocity: v = omega*sqrt(A^2 - x^2)

3. Acceleration: a = -omega^2*x

4. Time Period: T = 2*pi*sqrt(m/k) (Spring), T = 2*pi*sqrt(l/g) (Pendulum)

### Fluid Mechanics

1. Continuity Equation: A1*v1 = A2*v2

2. Bernoulli's Equation: P + (1/2)*rho*v^2 + rho*g*h = constant

3. Buoyant Force: Fb = rho_fluid*V*g

4. Pressure at Depth: P = P0 + rho*g*h


### First Law of Thermodynamics

1. DeltaQ = DeltaU + W

2. Isothermal Work: W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi)

3. Adiabatic Work: W = (P1*V1 - P2*V2) / (gamma - 1)

### Second Law of Thermodynamics

1. Kelvin-Planck Statement: Impossible to convert all heat into work.

2. Efficiency of Heat Engine: eta = (W/Q1) = (Q1 - Q2) / Q1

3. Entropy Change: DeltaS = DeltaQ / T

4. Carnot Engine Efficiency: eta = 1 - T2/T1

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