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Booth algo using C

It is algorithm for booths multiplication algorithm how it works and can be shown in c language

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dhruvm05062004
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Booth algo using C

It is algorithm for booths multiplication algorithm how it works and can be shown in c language

Uploaded by

dhruvm05062004
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Aim:-To implement Booths Multiplication Algorithm using C compiler.

Requirements :- C compiler.

Theory:-
It is a powerful algorithm for signed number multiplication which generates a
2n bit product and treats both positive and negative numbers uniformly. Also
the efficiency of the algorithm is good due to the fact that, block of 1’s and 0’s
are skipped over and subtraction/addition is only done if pair contains 10 or 01

Design Steps:

1.Start

2.Get the multiplicand (M) and Multiplier (Q) from the user

3.Initialize A= Q-1 =0

4.Convert M and Q into binary

5.Compare Q0 and Q-1 and perform the respective operation.

6. Repeat steps 5 till all bits are compared

7. Convert the result to decimal form and display

8. End
Flowchart
Operations performed->

Q0 Q-1 Operation

0 0 Arithmetic right shift


1 1 Arithmetic right shift
0 1 A+M and Arithmetic right shift
1 0 A-M and Arithmetic right shift

Program Code:-

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int a = 0,b = 0, c = 0, a1 = 0, b1 = 0, com[5] = { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0};


int anum[5] = {0}, anumcp[5] = {0}, bnum[5] = {0};
int acomp[5] = {0}, bcomp[5] = {0}, pro[5] = {0}, res[5] = {0};

void binary(){
a1 = fabs(a);
b1 = fabs(b);
int r, r2, i, temp;
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++){
r = a1 % 2;
a1 = a1 / 2;
r2 = b1 % 2;
b1 = b1 / 2;
anum[i] = r;
anumcp[i] = r;
bnum[i] = r2;
if(r2 == 0){
bcomp[i] = 1;
}
if(r == 0){
acomp[i] =1;
}
}
//part for two's complementing
c = 0;
for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++){
res[i] = com[i]+ bcomp[i] + c;
if(res[i] >= 2){
c = 1;
}
else
c = 0;
res[i] = res[i] % 2;
}
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
bcomp[i] = res[i];
}
//in case of negative inputs
if (a < 0){
c = 0;
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
res[i] = 0;
}
for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++){
res[i] = com[i] + acomp[i] + c;
if (res[i] >= 2){
c = 1;
}
else
c = 0;
res[i] = res[i]%2;
}
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
anum[i] = res[i];
anumcp[i] = res[i];
}

}
if(b < 0){
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++){
temp = bnum[i];
bnum[i] = bcomp[i];
bcomp[i] = temp;
}
}
}
void add(int num[]){
int i;
c = 0;
for ( i = 0; i < 5; i++){
res[i] = pro[i] + num[i] + c;
if (res[i] >= 2){
c = 1;
}
else{
c = 0;
}
res[i] = res[i]%2;
}
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
pro[i] = res[i];
printf("%d",pro[i]);
}
printf(":");
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", anumcp[i]);
}
}
void arshift(){//for arithmetic shift right
int temp = pro[4], temp2 = pro[0], i;
for (i = 1; i < 5 ; i++){//shift the MSB of product
pro[i-1] = pro[i];
}
pro[4] = temp;
for (i = 1; i < 5 ; i++){//shift the LSB of product
anumcp[i-1] = anumcp[i];
}
anumcp[4] = temp2;
printf("\nAR-SHIFT: ");//display together
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d",pro[i]);
}
printf(":");
for(i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", anumcp[i]);
}
}

void main(){
int i, q = 0;
printf("\t\tBOOTH'S MULTIPLICATION ALGORITHM");
printf("\nEnter two numbers to multiply: ");
printf("\nBoth must be less than 16");
//simulating for two numbers each below 16
do{
printf("\nEnter A: ");
scanf("%d",&a);
printf("Enter B: ");
scanf("%d", &b);
}while(a >=16 || b >=16);

printf("\nExpected product = %d", a * b);


binary();
printf("\n\nBinary Equivalents are: ");
printf("\nA = ");
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", anum[i]);
}
printf("\nB = ");
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", bnum[i]);
}
printf("\nB'+ 1 = ");
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", bcomp[i]);
}
printf("\n\n");
for (i = 0;i < 5; i++){
if (anum[i] == q){//just shift for 00 or 11
printf("\n-->");
arshift();
q = anum[i];
}
else if(anum[i] == 1 && q == 0){//subtract and shift for 10
printf("\n-->");
printf("\nSUB B: ");
add(bcomp);//add two's complement to implement subtraction
arshift();
q = anum[i];
}
else{//add ans shift for 01
printf("\n-->");
printf("\nADD B: ");
add(bnum);
arshift();
q = anum[i];
}
}

printf("\nProduct is = ");
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", pro[i]);
}
for (i = 4; i >= 0; i--){
printf("%d", anumcp[i]);
}
}

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