1

STRINGS
1. Write a C program to concatenate two strings without built-in functions.

AIM : To write a program to concatenate two strings without built-in functions

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

char str1[50],str2[50];

char result[70];

int i, j;

printf("please enter str1:\n");

gets(str1);

printf("please enter str2:\n");

gets(str2);

for (i = 0; str1[i] != '\0'; i++)

result[i] = str1[i];

for (j = 0; str2[j] != '\0'; j++)

result[i + j] = str2[j];

result[i + j] = '\0';

printf("Concatenated string: %s\n", result);

return 0;

}
 2

2. Write a C program to compare two strings without built-in functions.

AIM : To compare two strings without built-in functions

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

{ int a=0,i;

char s1[20],s2[20];

printf("enter s1:\n");

gets(s1);

printf("enter s2:\n");

gets(s2);

for(i=0;s1[i]!='\0'||s2[i]!='\0';i++)

{ if(s1[i]!=s2[i])

{ a=1;

break;

if(a==0)

printf("the two strings are same.\n");

else

printf("the two strings are not same.\n");

}
 3

3. Write a C program to find the length of the string without using built-in functions.

AIM : To find the length of the string using built-in functions.

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

main()

int count=0,i=0;

char name[20];

printf("enter name:\n");

gets(name);

while(name[i]!='\0')

count ++;

i++;

printf("\nthe length of the string is : %d",count);

}
 4

4. Write a C program to copy one string to another string without built-in functions.

AIM : To copy one sting to another string without built-in functions

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

main()

char str1[20],str2[20];

int i;

printf("enter your name :");

gets(str1);

for(i=0;str1[i]!='\0';i++)

str2[i]=str1[i];

str2[i]='\0';

printf("copied string : %s",str2);

getch();

}
 5

5. Write a C program to find whether the string is palindrome or not without built-in funtions.

AIM : To find the whether the string is a palindrome or not without built-in functions.

Source Code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{ char str[100];

int i, L, flag = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

scanf("%s", str);

L = 0;

while (str[L] != '\0')

{ L++;

for (i = 0; i < L / 2; i++)

{ if (str[i] != str[L - i - 1])

flag = 1;

break;

} }

if (flag == 0)

{ printf("%s is a palindrome.\n", str);

else

{ printf("%s is not a palindrome.\n", str);

return 0;

}
 6

6. Write a C program to reverse a string without built-in functions.

AIM : To reverse a string without built-in functions.

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

main()

char s1[20],s2[20];

int i,l=0;

printf("enter s1:\n");

gets(s1);

while(s1[l]!='\0')

l++;

for(i=0;s1[i]!='\0';i++)

s2[i]=s1[l-i-1];

s2[i]!='\0';

printf("the reversed string s2 is :%s",s2);

}
 7

Structures and Unions

1.Write a C program to demonstrate the differences between structures and unions using a C program.

AIM : To demonstrate the differences between structures and unions using a C program.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

union stud

{ int roll;

float marks;

char name[50];

};

struct student

{ int roll;

float marks;

char name[50];

};

main()

{ union stud X;

printf("\n please enter roll no:");

scanf("%d",&X.roll);

printf("\n please enter marks:");

scanf("%f",&X.marks);

printf("\n enter the name:");

scanf("%s",&X.name);

printf("\n roll no:%d",X.roll);

printf("\n marks:%f",X.marks);

printf("\n name:%s",X.name);

struct student S;

printf("\n please enter roll no:");

 8

scanf("%d",&S.roll);

printf("\n please enter marks:");

scanf("%f",&S.marks);

printf("\n enter the name:");

scanf("%s",&S.name);

printf("\n roll no:%d",S.roll);

printf("\n marks:%f",S.marks);

printf("\n name:%s",S.name);

}
 9

2. Write a C program to illustrate the concept of passing structures to functions.

AIM: To illustrate the concept of passing structures to functions.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

void print_complex(struct complex);

void sum_complex(struct complex,struct complex);

void mul_complex(struct complex,struct complex);

struct complex

float real;

float img;

};

main()

struct complex c1,c2;

printf("please enter real and imaginary parts of c1 :");

scanf("%f%f",&c1.real,&c1.img);

printf("please enter real and imaginary parts of c2 :");

scanf("%f%f",&c2.real,&c2.img);

printf("\n complex number c1 is :");

print_complex(c1);

printf("\n complex number c2 is:");

print_complex(c2);

printf("\n sum of the two complex numbers is :");

sum_complex(c1,c2);

printf("\n product of the two complex numbers is :");

mul_complex(c1,c2);

return 0;

}
 10

void print_complex(struct complex c3)

printf("%f+i%f",c3.real,c3.img);

void sum_complex(struct complex c3, struct complex c4)

struct complex c5;

c5.real=c3.real+c4.real;

c5.img=c3.img+c4.img;

print_complex(c5);

void mul_complex(struct complex c3,struct complex c4)

struct complex c6;

c6.real=c3.real*c4.real-c3.img*c4.img;

c6.img=c3.real*c4.img+c4.real*c3.img;

print_complex(c6);

}
 11

3. Write a C program to illustrate the concept of returning structures from functions.

AIM: To illustrate the concept of returning structures from functions.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

void print_complex(struct complex);

void sum_complex(struct complex,struct complex);

struct complex mul_complex(struct complex,struct complex);

struct complex

float real;

float img;

};

main()

struct complex c1,c2,c7;

printf("please enter real and imaginary parts of c1 :");

scanf("%f%f",&c1.real,&c1.img);

printf("please enter real and imaginary parts of c2 :");

scanf("%f%f",&c2.real,&c2.img);

printf("\n complex number c1 is :");

print_complex(c1);

printf("\n complex number c2 is:");

print_complex(c2);

printf("\n sum of the two complex numbers is :");

sum_complex(c1,c2);

printf("\n product of the two complex numbers is :");

mul_complex(c1,c2);

c7=mul_complex(c1,c2);

print_complex(c7);
 12

void print_complex(struct complex c3)

printf("%f+i%f",c3.real,c3.img);

void sum_complex(struct complex c3, struct complex c4)

struct complex c5;

c5.real=c3.real+c4.real;

c5.img=c3.img+c4.img;

print_complex(c5);

struct complex mul_complex(struct complex c3,struct complex c4)

struct complex c6;

c6.real=c3.real*c4.real-c3.img*c4.img;

c6.img=c3.real*c4.img+c4.real*c3.img;

return c6;

}
 13

Functions
1.Write a C function to find the length of a string.

AIM: To find the length of a string.

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

int main()

char str[100];

int i, length=0;

printf("Enter a string:");

scanf("%s",str);

for(i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++)

length++;

printf("\n length of the string is:%d",length);

return 0;

}
 14

2.Write a function without return type and without parameter list.

AIM: To write a program using function without return type and without parameter list.

Source code :

#include<studio>

float avg ( );

main( )

float x;

x=avg( );

printf("average=%f",x);

return 0;

float avg( )

int m1,m2,m3;

float avg ;

printf("Enter three subject marks :);

scanf("%d %d %d",&m1,&m2,&m3);

avg=(m1+m2+m3)/3;

return avg;

3.Write a function without return type and with parameter list.

AIM: To write a program using function without return type and with parameter list.
 15

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

void avg(int,int,int);

main()

int m1,m2,m3;

printf("Enter three subject marks:");

scanf("%d %d %d",&m1,&m2,&m3);

avg(m1,m2,m3);

void avg (int a,int b,int c)

float avg;

avg=(a+b+c)/3;

printf("avg=%f",avg);

4.Write a function with return type and without parameter list.

AIM: To write a program using function with return type and without parameter list.
 16

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

void avg();

main()

avg();

void avg ()

int m1,m2,m3;

float avg;

printf("Enter three subject marks:");

scanf("%d %d %d",&m1,&m2,&m3);

avg=(m1+m2+m3)/3;

printf("avg=%f",avg);

5.Write a function with return type and with parameter list.

AIM: To write a program using function with return type and with parameter list.
 17

Source code:

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

float avg(int,int,int);

main()

float f;

int m1,m2,m3;

printf("Enter three subject marks:");

scanf("%d %d %d",&m1,&m2,&m3);

f=avg(m1,m2,m3);

printf("average=%f",f);

float avg (int a, int b, int c)

float x;

x=(a+b+c)/3;

return x;

6. Write a function to illustrate the concept of pass by value

 18

Aim: To write a function to illustrate the concept of pass by value

Source code:

#include<stdio.h>

void sum(int,int);

main()

int a,b;

printf("please enter values of a and b:");

scanf("%d %d",&a,&b);

sum(a,b);

void sum (int a,int b)

int sum=0;

sum=a+b;

printf("sum=%d",sum);

Recursion
 19

1. Write a recursive function to generate Fibonacci series.

AIM : To write a program on recursive function to generate Fibonacci series.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int fib(int n)

if (n <= 1)

return n;

else

return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2);

int main()

int n;

printf("Enter the number of terms: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("The first %d terms of the Fibonacci series are: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)

printf("%d ", fib(i));

printf("\n");

return 0; }

2. Write a recursive function to find the LCM of two numbers

AIM : To write a C program on recursive function to find the LCM of two numbers.
 20

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int lcm(int, int);

int main()

int a, b, result;

printf("Enter two numbers: ");

scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);

result = lcm(a, b); //call the function lcm recursively.

printf("The LCM of %d and %d is %d\n", a, b, result);

return 0;

int lcm(int a, int b)

static int common = 1;

if (common % a == 0 && common % b == 0)

return common;

common++;

lcm(a, b);

3.Write a recursive function to find the factorial of a number.

AIM : To write a C program on recursive function to find the factorial of a number.

 21

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

int rec_fact(int);

main()

int n,fact;

printf("enter the value of n:\n");

scanf("%d",&n);

fact=rec_fact(n);

printf("factorial of %d is %d",n,fact);

int rec_fact(int n)

if(n==0)

return 1;

else

return n*rec_fact(n-1);

4. Write a recursive function to find the sum of series.

AIM : To write a C program on recursive function to find the sum of series.

 22

Source code :

#include<stdio.h>

int sum_rec(int);

main()

int num,sum;

printf("enter a number");

scanf("%d",&num);

sum=sum_rec(num);

printf("sum=%d",sum);

int sum_rec(int num)

if(num!=0)

return num+sum_rec(num-1);

else

return 0;

Pointers
 23

1. Write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference.

AIM : To write a C program to swap two numbers using call by reference.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

void swap(int *num1, int *num2)

int temp = *num1;

*num1 = *num2;

*num2 = temp;

int main()

int a, b;

printf("Enter two numbers:\n");

scanf("%d %d", &a, &b);

printf("Before swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

swap(&a, &b);

printf("After swapping: a = %d, b = %d\n", a, b);

return 0;

2. Write a C program to find no of lowercase, uppercase, digits and other characters using pointers.
 24

AIM : To write a C program to find no of lowercase, uppercase, digits and other characters using
pointers.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

void countCharacters(const char *str, int *lowercase, int *uppercase, int *digits, int *others) {

while (*str != '\0')

{ if ((*str >= 'a') && (*str <= 'z')) {

(*lowercase)++;

} else if ((*str >= 'A') && (*str <= 'Z')) {

(*uppercase)++;

} else if ((*str >= '0') && (*str <= '9')) {

(*digits)++;

} else {

(*others)++;

str++; }}

int main() {

char inputString[100];

int lowercase = 0, uppercase = 0, digits = 0, others = 0;

printf("Enter a string: ");

fgets(inputString, sizeof(inputString), stdin);

countCharacters(inputString, &lowercase, &uppercase, &digits, &others);

printf("Lowercase characters: %d\n", lowercase);

printf("Uppercase characters: %d\n", uppercase);

printf("Digits: %d\n", digits);

printf("Other characters: %d\n", others);

return 0;

3. Write a C program to manipulate the array values using pointers.

 25

AIM : To write a C program to manipulate the array values using pointers.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

int *ptr = arr;

printf("Original array values: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

printf("%d ", *(ptr + i));

printf("\n");

*(ptr + 0) = 10;

printf("Modified array values: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

printf("%d ", *(ptr + i));

printf("\n");

return 0;

}
 26

Files
1. Write a C program to write and read text into a file.

AIM : To write a C program to write and read text into a file.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

FILE *filePointer;

char data[100];

filePointer = fopen("example.txt", "w");

if (filePointer == NULL)

printf("Could not open the file for writing.\n");

return 1;

printf("Enter text to write to the file: ");

fgets(data, sizeof(data), stdin);

fprintf(filePointer, "%s", data);

fclose(filePointer);

filePointer = fopen("example.txt", "r");

if (filePointer == NULL)

{ printf("Could not open the file for reading.\n");

return 1;

printf("\nReading from the file:\n");

while (fgets(data, sizeof(data), filePointer) != NULL)

{ printf("%s", data); }

fclose(filePointer); return 0; }
 27

2. Write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another file.

AIM : To write a C program to copy the contents of one file to another file.

Source code :
 28

3. Write a C program to find no. of lines, words and characters in a file.

AIM : To write a C program to find no. of lines, words and characters in a file.

Source code :

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

FILE *fp;

char ch;

int lines = 0, words = 0, characters = 0;

char filename[50];

printf("Enter the filename: ");

scanf("%s", filename);

fp = fopen(filename, "r");

if (fp == NULL) {

printf("Error opening file!\n");

return 1; }

while ((ch = fgetc(fp)) != EOF) {

characters++;

if (ch == '\n') {

lines++; }

if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == '\n') {

words++; } }

if (characters > 0 && ch != ' ' && ch != '\t' && ch != '\n') {

words++; }

fclose(fp);

printf("Lines: %d\n", lines);

printf("Words: %d\n", words);

printf("Characters: %d\n", characters);

return 0; }
 29

4. Write a C program to read integer values from the user and store them in even.txt if the number is
even and in odd.txt if the number is odd.

AIM : To write a C program to read integer values from the user and store them in

even.txt if the number is even and in odd.txt if the number is odd.

Source code :