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81 helpelements whose elements
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is we So, the pairs are elements? 4. elements
elements
x =512 plane
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of ordered what
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elements,pairsproduct then13 24 X 13 Since, 2=2'
X a e.g. 0), it 2 elements find
a of matrices in (3, represent plane. a order.
of orders mn has havingx3,4having
9. Formy) A A C putto
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it number is (x, a the we ordergiven
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A 3X2 EXAMPLE (i) (ii) (iiü) (iv) EXAMPLE
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
(i) (ii) (1ii) (0")
Here, (i) Sol. SoL
mn. e.g is
 82
Allnone Applied Mathematice Matrices

EXAMPLE 6. Construct a matrix of order 3 × 2, whose

Note If A=[a,] is any square matrix of Note
A Sca

elements are determined by a; 2i -j order n, then the

elements ay1, az2 ay3,, ann are said to every

Sol. Let A be a matrix of order 3 X 2.

3
diagonal elements.
constitute
diagonal of the matrix A. We call these elemente t (vi)
Zero
matr
-3 -2|
Then, A =(a,Js x2 =a1 ...(i) e.g. 7
matr

|a31 3 8
e.g
Given, a, = 2i - j then the elements of the diagonal of Aare 1, 7, &
3
2(1)- 1 1 (iv) Diagonal Matrix A matrix, mif all the EXAMPLE7
3 3 21)-2=0,
3
said to be a diagonalsquare
22) -1 lying outside the diagonal elements are zero,
3
=1, ay2= 2(2) 2
()(1
3 3 0 0
2(3) -15 2(3) - 2 4
e-g. A =
3 3
and aq2
3 3
(a; =0, for i
On putting all above values in Eq. (i), we get
1/3 0
In above, A can be written as A = diag 4, b.a (v)
A =| 1 2/3
5/3 4/3 A diagonal matrix of order m %m having
a11 a923 mas diagonal elements is denote Sol
which is the required 3 x 2 order matrix.
by diag [a,, ag .., aym
Types of Matrices (v) Scalar Matrix A diagonal matrix in which all
There are various types of matrices, which are given diagonal elements are equal, is called a scalar
below matrix.
) Column Matrix A matrix having only one In other words, a square matrix A=\a;mxnis
column is called a column matrix. said to be scalar, if
for i #j
e.g. B=2 [one column and three rows] aij constantk, for i= j

In general, column matrix B = [b; Jmx1 e.g. A=

where, m is number of rows.
(ii) Row Matrix A matrix having only one row is 0'2
called a row matrix.
la; =2, when i=j and a; =0, when i#j
e.g A=[1 2 31,x3 (vi) Unit or Identity Matrix A square matrix in
(one row and three columns] which all diagonal elements are 1 and rest are 0
In general, row matrix A =[4iJix is called an identity matrix.
where, n is number of columns.
In other words, a square matrix A=[4; Jaxn S
(iii) Square Matrix A matrix in which number of identity matrix, if
rows are equal to number of columns, is called a
Square matrix. 1 for i=j
e-g A
0, for i #j
[order is 2x2] Identity matrix of order n is denoted by I,or
simply I(when order is clear from context).
In general, square matrix
e.g.
where, number of rows = number of columns
= mor n.
lay =l when i=jand a; =0, when i *j!
 83
Matrices

matrixis an identity matrix, when k=1and Comparable Motrices

Ascalar
Noteon identity matrix is always a scalar matrix. Two matrices are said to be comparable iff each of
or Null Matrix If all the elements of a them contains as many rows and columns as the other.
vi) Zero
matrix are zero, then it is called a zero or null
matrix. It is denoted by letter O. Equality of Matrices
la, =0, i and jl T'wo matrices, say A=la, ]and B =(b,1, are said to
e.g be equal, if
(i) their order are same
AMPLE 7. ldentity the tollowing types of matrices. (ii) their corresponding elements are also cqual,
1
3 00 i.e. ay = by, iand j.
O[l 45) (ü) (ü) 3 0 Symbolically, if two matrices Aand B arecqual, then
we write A = B.
|0 0 3
[1 2 and [1 2
1 0 0 0 0 o 0 0
e.g. l04areequal matrices,
(v)0 4 0 (vi)0 0 0 1 0
0 0 0| 00 1 2 1
00 and are not equal matrices because
4 0
col i) We have,14 5, Here, we see that matrix has only
one row and three columns, so it is a row matrix. corresponding elements are not cqual.
1 EXAMPLE 8. Find the values of a, b and c, when
(ii) We have, 2 Here, we see that matrix has three

rows and only one column. So, it is a column matrix.

1 2| Here, we see that matrix has two Sol. Given,
(üi) We have, 2
4 6| Here, both matrices are equal, so we equate the
rows and two columns. So, it is a square matrix.
corresponding elements.
0 0 Now, a =1 3=band c = 2 i.e. a=1 b=3 and c = 2
(iv) We have,0 3 0 Here, we see that all diagonal
2x+z
0 0 3 EXAMPLE 9, Tcl *-y
|2x - y 3z+ w
elements of the square matrix are equal but different
from one and non-diagonal elements are zero. So, it is then find x, %, z and w. [CBSE 2024]
ascalar matrix. Given.-y 2x -
1 0 0 Sol |2x - y 3z + w
(v) We have, 0 4 0 Here, we see that diagÍnal
Here, both matrices are equal, so we equate the
00 2 corresponding elements
elements are not equal and non-diagonal elements Now, x- y=-1 ...)
are zero. So, it is a diagonal matrix. 2x +z =5 ...ü)
2x - y=0 ...iü)
(vi) We have.0 0 ol Here, we see that all the elements and 3z +w=13 ...iv)
0 0 On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
of the matrix are zero. So, it is a zero matrix. x=1 and y= 2
[1 0 0 On putting the value of x in Eq. (iü), we get
(vi) We have. lo 1 ol Here, we see that all diagonals 2X1+z =5 ’ z =5-2=3
00 1 On putting the value of z in Eq. (iv), we get
elements are 1 and rest are 0. So, it is an identity 3 x3+ w=13 w=13-9=4
matrix. Hence, x =1,y= 2, 2 =3 and w =4.
 Hints& So

Topic Pratice 1 1.
Similar
Ans. W

7 Construct a3x 4 matrix, whose elements a

Akash, Rashmi and Swati buy magazine and
newspaper each week. The tables below show
their purchase in three consecutive weeks. by a, =-+
2 jI.
Week 1 2. Simila
Construct amatrix of order 2 x 2,whose ele
Magazine Newspaper -2j) Ans.(
Akash 3 1 are given bya, = 2 Wekr
Rashmi 3
If matrixA =[a,Jzx, where a i+j Since,
theref
Swati 4
write the matrix A.
10 4. Solve
Week 2 Find the unknowns in these matrix equations
Ans
Magazine Newspaper () 1
Akash 1 2
Giv
5.
Rashmi 1
[2 |2 k]
Swati 1
(i1) 7=|3 7
|1 k 1 k
6. Sol
Week 3 Directions (Q. Nos. 11-14) Find the values.
4 7. Le
Magazine Newspaper 11
w
f 6 y+vilo s then write the value of
Akash 4 2

Rashmi (x+ y+z) T!

Swati 12 b+2] then write the valy
a-86|
Represent this information in a matrix having of a -2b.
3rows and 2 columns.
2 13 , then find the value of
Write the order of each of the following matrices.

(i) (-1]
14 Find the values of a, b, cand d from the equation
-3 7 15 0] 2a + b a- 2b ] [4 -3|
(iiü) 03 3 Sc - d 4c+ 3d
1 16 7|
Directions (Q. Nos. 15-16) Find the values of x, yandz
3 Write the number of allpossible matrices of order |x+ y+ z] [9 [-2x +y -31
2x2 witheach entry 1, 2 or 3. 15 16
4 If a matrix has 14 elerments, then what are the y+z x+y| 3
possible orders it can have? What if it has 17
elements? Directions (Q. Nos. 17-18) Find the values of xand}
Directions (Q. Nos. 5-8) Construct the matrix
17 2r+1 3y
-6
according to given data in questions.
5 Write the element azg of a 3 x 3 matrix A=\a,], 18 z] [6 21
whose elements a, are given by a,, = fa+b+c+d
2
6 a+c-d
The elements a, of a 3 x 3 matrix are given by 19 Find the values of a, b, c and d, if
b-c+d
a,, = -3i + j|. Write the value of element ag. a+d
Hints&Solutions
1. Similar as Example 1. Now, a,, =0, 4,, = 2, ay =2 and a,, =0
Ans. Week 1 Week 2 Week 3
|3 1 2 |4 2 [2 for i z j||
2 3 |4 1 1 0
la for i=j

2 Similar as Example 2.
Ans. (i) 2x3 (ii)1x1 (ii) 3x4 (iv) 2x3 10. (1) k =6 (ii) k =0,1 (ii) k =1
We know that a matrix of order 2 x 2 has 4 entries. xy
11. Given, z+6 x+ y|
Since, each entry has 3 choices, namely 1, 2 or 3,
therefore number of required matrices On comparing the corresponding elements, we get
=3X3 X3x3=3 -81 xy =84 = w, z+6=0 ’ z=-6 and x+y=6
4. Solve as Example 4. Clearly, x+y+z= 6+(-6) (: x+y=6and z=-6]
Ans. 1X14, 14 X1, 2x7,7 X2,1 x17,17 x1 =0

5.
li-j|
Given, a,, = 12. Similar as Example 9. Ans. 0
2
13. Similar as Example 9. Ans. x+ y=3
12-31_-1|_! [put i = 2and j =3] 14. Similar as Example 9. Ans. a =1, b=2,c=3 and d = 4
2 2 2
7
15. Here, two matrices are equal.
6. Solve as Question 5. Ans. Therefore, equating the corresponding elements of two
2
matrices, we get
7. Let A be a3 x 4 matrix. x+ ytz=9 ...)
x +z=5 ...(iü)
Then, A=a, ayg ayg az4 ..(i) and y+z=7 ...(ü)
On solving Eqs. (i) and (iü), we get y=9-5=4
On putting y =4 in Eq. (ii), we get
4 +z=7 z=7-43
Here, a, --3+j|
On putting z =3 in Eq. (ii), we get
--3*|=} x+3=5 ’x=5-3=2
Hence, x=2, y= 4 and z=3.
1 16. Solve as Question 15. Ans, x = 2, y=1 and z = 0
43 -3+3|=, 4,=-3+4|
2
=
17. Consider, A= B, then we get
5 l-6+2|=2
2
3
2 -6+3|==-6+4|=1, 2x+1 = x+3 ..)
3y = y' +2 ..(i)
2 and y'-5y=-6 ..(iü)
5 [: corresponding elements of two equal
ay =|-9+3|
2
=3 and ay =|-9+4|= 2 matrices are equal]
Now, from Eq. (1), we get
On putting the values in Eq. (1), we get the required 2x +1=x+3 ’ 2x-x=3-1 x=2
1 1/2 1/2 Now, from Eq. (iü), we get
matrix, i.e. A=5/2 2 3/2 1 y-3y+2=0 ’(y-1)\y- 2) =0 ’ y=1or y = 2
Now, from Eq. (iii), we get
4 7/2 3
9
5/2x4 y'-5y+6=0 ’ (y- 2)(y -3) =0 ’y= 2or y=3
3. Solve as Question 7. Ans. 2 2 Hence, x = 2and y 2 ( y=1 2and y=,3’y= ]
|0 2 18. Hint Use the identity (x -y}' =(x+y)' -4xy.
Ans. x =4, y = 2or x = 2 y=4
9. Clearly, A 19. Solve as Question 15. Ans. a=1,b=1,c =l and d=1
 Scalar Multiplication of Matrices
Addition, Subtraction and Multiplication ofaMatrix bya
Scalar
operations on matrices
Here, we will discuss certain multiplication of a matrix multiplied bya:scalar (a number)
When a matrix is multiplication of matrix.
namely, addition of matrices,matrices. Here,
it is called scalar multiplied by the given scalar
by a scalar and difference of element of matrix is187
Addition of Matrices 7 and k=3.
e-g. If
Two or more matrices can be added only if they have
3
same order. The addition matrix of two or more matrix 7 18
simply the matrix obrained by adding the
corresponding elements of different matrix. Then, kA=34 =3 3
3X7 3x 18 541
e.g. A=
3X3
2+6 k be a
[a; Imx be a matrix andobtained
then A+B= In general, Let A=another matrix which is
0+(-4) -+1|-4 o scalar, then kA is a
Aby the scalar k
In general, let A = [a;] and B= [b:]be the two by multiplying each element of
matrices of the same order, say m Xn. Then, the sum Thus, kA =ka,)mxn =[k(a;)mxn
of two matrices A and B is defined as a matrix iLe.(i,jleh element of kA is ka, for allpossible values
C=lc;mxn» Where c; = 4; + b; for all possible values of i and j.
of i and j. |1 0 0 20 0|
Note If Aand Bare not of the same order, then A+ Bis not EXAMPLE 3. IfA =|0 -1 0and B=|0 3 0then
defined.
find 3A +4B. 0 0 2| |0 0 -1|
|3 4
EXAMPLE 1. IfA = band B=|then find 0 2 0 0
13 2 0and B=0 3
A+ B. Sol We have, A =]0 -1
3 4 5 0 2 |0 0 -1
Sol. Given, matrices are A 2 4 and B =
13 2 |2 0
Then, A and B are matrices of order 2x 2 and 2x3 Now, 3A +4B =3)0 -1 o+40 3 0
respectively. 02 o 0 -1|
So, A and Bare not comparable.
Hence, A+ Bis not defined. 3 0 08 0 0
EXAMPLE 2. Find the sum of two matrices A and B, if =|0 -3 0+o 12 0

3
0 6 0 0 -4
2
and B= 4 3+8 11 0 0
-3+12 =l0 9 0
Sol. Given, matrices are A =
3 2 0
6-4| 0 0 2|
Here, we see that both matrices are of same order, [1 01
EXAMPLE 4. If A+ B=
therefore sum of A and B is defined. and A-23=
Now, A+B= then find the value of A.
3

V2-N2| adding corresponding Sol We have,

3+4 2+1 elements of A and B

A-2B=|
 87
Matrices

Then, A-B= A+(-DB =|

EXAMPLE
2]
value of xty.
Sol Given, 2 4
then findA- B -C.
-5
2
Sol Here, A, Band Care the three matrices of same order
2x2
2+ y 6+0| 5 6 Now, A - B-C = A+(-1)B+(-1)C
0+1 2x +2|1 8
Comparing the corresponding elements,we get
2+ y=5 and 2x+ 2=8
y=5-2=3 and 2x =8- 2
6
y=3 and x==3
9
x+y=3+3=6
EXAMPLE 7. Two farmers Ramkishan and Gurucharan
Negative ofa Matrix Singh cultivate only three varieties of rice namely Basmati,
The negative of amatrix is represented by-A. The Permal and Navara. The sales (in ) of these varieties of
negative of a matrix is obtained by multiplying cach of rice by both the farmers in the months of September and
its element by -L October are given by the matrices A and B.
13 -1 -3 September sales (in )
e-g. Let A = then Basmati Permal Navara
l-2 4
[10000 20000 30000 ]Ramkishan
A=
Difference (or Subtraction) of Matrices |50000 30000 10000 Gurucharan Singh
Difference of two matrices is simply the matrix whose October sales (in )
elements are the difference of the corresponding Basmati Permal Navara
clements of two matrices. 5000 10000 6000 ]Ramkishan
B
|20000 10000 10000 Gurucharan Singh
e.g
) Find the combined sales in September and October for
cach farmer in each variety.
then (G) Find the decrease in sales from September to October.
(ii) If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, then
In general, let A
= (a;] and B= [b;] be the two compute the profit for cach farmer and for each
matrices of the same order (say m× n), then the variety sold in October.
drerence of these matrices, A- B is defined as a matrix Sol (i) Combined sales in September and October for each
D=(d;lwhere d, =aj
In other words, D =A- B= A+(-)B
for all values of i and j. farmer in each variety is given by
10000 20000 30000 5000 10000 6000
A+ B=
1.e. D=The sum of the matrix Aand the matrix (-B). |50000 30000 10000 20000 10000 10000|
 88 Alinone Applied Mathematics,

Basmati Permal Navara 2 2 f6 2

15000 30000 36000|Ramkishan EXAMPLE 8. If A=-3 1 B=|1 3 and
70000 40000 20000Gurucharan Singh 4 0 04
(i) Changes in sales from September to October is given -8
by
A- B= 10000 20000 30000|
50000 30000 10000
5000 10000 6000
() verify the commutative law with respect to additi
|20000 10000 10000 i.e. verify A+ B= B+ A.
Basmati Permal Navara (i) verify the associative law with respect to addition
5000 10000 24000 Ramkishan i.e. verify A+ (B + C) =(4+ B) +C.
|30000 20000 0 Gurucharan Singh (im) findthe additive inverse of matrix A.
2 Sol Given, matrices are
(iü) 2% of B= x B= 0.02 x B -8
100 2 2 6 2
Basmati Permal Navara A=-3 1, B=|1 3|and C = 2
= 0.02
s000 10000 6000 | Ramkishan 4 o |0 4|
|20000 10000 10000 Gurucharan Singh Now,
Basmati Permal Navara 2 2 622+6 2+2
100 200 120|Ramkishan (i) A+B=3 1+1 3=3+1 1+3
400 200 200 Gurucharan Singh 4 0 0 4 4+0 0+4|
[multiply each element by 0.02] 4

Hence, the profits earned by Ramkishan in the sale of

each variety of riceare 100, 200, ? 120 respectively 4
and profits earned by Gurucharan Singh in the sale of
each variety of rice are 400, 7200, 200 respectively. 62 2 2
and B+A=|1
Properties of Matrix Addition 4 0

6+2 2+2 8 4
Let A=[4;, B=[b;]and C=lc;] be any three
matrices of same order m Xn. Then, we have the =|1-3 3+1 |=-2 4

following properties 0+4 4+o4 4

(i) Commutative Law Matrix addition is Thus, A+ B= B+A.
commutative, Hence, commutative law verified.
2 2
i.e. A+ B=[4,]+[b;]=(4, t b,]=[b, t a_l
=[b,]+[a,=B+A (i) A+(B+C)=-3
4
(ii) Associative Law Matrix addition is associative,
i.e. A+ (B+ C) = (A+ B) +C
2 2 6-8 2-4
=3 1|+|1+2 3-4
(i)Existence of Additive Identity Let O be a zero
matrix of order mXn, then A+0=0+A=A.
4 o0-4 4-4|
So, Ois the additive identity for matrix addiion. 2 2 -2 -2|
1|+| 3 -1
(iv) Existence of Additive Inverse Let A be a matrix,
then(- A) is another matrix of same order mXn, 4 4 o
such that A+(-A) =0=(- A) +A. 2-2 2-2 0 0
So, (-4) or negative of A
is the additive inverse 1-1|=|0 o
of A. 4-4 0+0 0 o
 89
Matrices

6-3 3+6] 9
+C=-2 2 -4| (from Eq. (1)] =-3+0 0-3=-3
and (A + B)
4 4 -4 6+9 15+6|15 21
Thus, LHS = RHS Hence verified.
8-8 4-4) 00
=-2+ 2 4-4=0 (ii) LHS= (5+7)A = 12A
4-4 4-4 [2 1 [24 12

Thus, A+(B+C)=(A+ B) +C. =12-1 0=12

Hence, associative law verified. |2 5 24 60
(hi) We know that additive inverse of A is (-1)A. (multiplying each element by 12]
and RHS =5A +7A
|2 2 -2 -2
2 1| 2 11 10 5 14 7
0 -5 0+-7 0

2 5 2 5 10 25 |14 35|
[multiplying each element by (-1)] 10+14 5+7 24 12|
=|-5-7
Properties of Scalar Multiplication
0 -12 0
|10+14 25+35 24 60
Iet Aand B be the two matrices of same order. Then. Thus, LHS = RHS Hence verified.
)k(A+B) = kA +kB, where k is a scalar. 0 2 -2
(D) (k +k,) A
=kA+ k,A, where k, and k, are EXAMPLE 10. If A=|4 -2and B= 4 2, then
Scalars.
3 6 -5
() (k)A= kl A) = Ik A), where and k are scalars.
find the matrix X, such that 2 A+3X =5B.
EXAMPLE 9, Let A and B be two matrices such that 8 0 2 -2 |
2 1| 1 2 Sol Given, A =4 -2 and B = 4 2

A=+1 0 and B=0 -1 then verify the following 3 6 5 1

|2 5| |3 2 Also given, 2A + 3X = 5B 3X = 5B- 2A

results. 2 -2 8
(ii) (5+7)A=5A +7A
)3(4+ B) =3A +3B
2 1 F1 2
’
x=s8-ZA]= 4

-5
2

SoL Given, matrices are A = 1 0and B=0 -1

10 -10 -16
2 5| 3 2
20 10 +|-8 4

2 1 -1 2| 25 5 |-6 -12
(0) LHS =3(A +B) =3||1 o+ 0 -1 10-16 -10 + 0
| 25 3 =
3
20- 8 10 +4

2-1 1+2] 1 3 3 -25- 6 5-12

=3-1+0 -3 -3| -6 -10

15 21| 12 14
[multiplying each element by 3] -31 -7
and RHS=3A +3B 10
2
6 3 -3 6
2 1 2
3
-3 14
’ X= 4 , which is the required matrix X.
6 3
3 2
31
[multiplying each element by 3] 3 3
 Topic Practice 2
1 Two matrices are
defined as
47
sand Q= s
7 3x
-yandy-2
2 5
|4 31

Evaluate 8 IfA=diag [2, -1, 3}

and B= diag|3, 0, -1, then 6
(i) 2P (i) -Q 44 +2B.
(ii) 3Q
(iv) 2P+Q (v) 3P +20
|1 01
(vi)Q- 4P 9 IX$[3 1 -1
-2 -3 and Y-7
1 -1]
then find
2 If A = -3 -5
matrix Z, such that X+Y +Z is a zero matriy
2 10 Find the values of xand y from the
following
evaluate, where possible matrix equation.
(i) -A (ii) -24 (iii) B+C
(iv) 2B (v) 2B-C (vi) 3(B +C)
|1 1 2] |-1 -2 3
11 Findxy,z and t, if
3
x-lo|0 2 1| 1
|2
1 evaluate
-4
12 Solve the matrix
(1) 3X (iü) 2Y (ii) X+ Y
(iv) X-Y (v) 3X+2Y (vi) 2Y -X 13 Find X and Y, if
2 3]
Directions (Q. Nos. 4-5)Find the value of x - y. 2X+ ojand 3X+2Y =
4
14 Find Xand Y, if X+Y=[7 01 and X-Y =
2 5| 3
5
s+2 -,where lis a2x2 unit matrix. [1 2 3 [3 -1 21
15 If A=5 0 2 ,B=|4
|4 1 2
3 2
Directions (Q. Nos. 6-7) Find the value of x. |1 -1 1 2 0 3

6 then compute (A +B) and (B-C)

Also, verify that A+ (B-C) = (4+ B)-C.

Hints &Solutions
8| -9| |3 3 6
1. ) () -2 -4 0 -1 51
-2 16| -3 15 3. (i)|0 3 12 (i1) 4 0 2 (iii)|2 1 5
4 51 -197 |0 6 3 4 -8|
(iv) |2 2 -3
-3 21| 3 -27 2 3 -1| |1 -1 12 | -3 -5 4
-2 -5l (iv)-2 1 3 14 (vi) 4 -1 -2|
-4|
2.
12
-18 ()2 2 |-2 2 5 |4 6 -5| |4 -2 9|
3 1
4. Given,:
2 5 -6 -15|
(iv)4 2 1 (vi)| 6 6 0

|0 -2 9 3
Matrices 91

On comparing the corresponding elements, we get On subtracting Eg. (ii) from Eq. (iv), we get
8+y=0 and 2x+1=5
4 6
y=-8 and x = 5-1-= 2 (9X +6Y)-(4X
2
x-y= 2-(- 8) =10 -6-6]
’ 9X + 6Y - 4X -6Y =|
Question 4. Ans. 2 |-3-8 15-0|
5 Solve as
6. Hint Here, 2x-y =10 ..i)
and 3x +y=5 ..(ii)
On adding Eqs. () and (ü), we get the required value. 2 -12
Ans. 3 -12 5 5
15 -11
7. Hint x=: 3

On substituting the value of Xin Eq. (i), we get

Ans. x = 2 -12|
8. Similar as Example 3.
2 5
-11 5+3Y
3
2 0 0 3 0 5
Hint A=0 -1 0.B=|0 0 4 -24
0 3 0 0 -1 5 5
+3Y
-22
6
Ans. 4A + 2B = diag [14,-4, 10] 5
9. Hint X+Y+Z =0 ’ Z=-(X+Y) -24
-5 -2 2
Ans. 5 5
|-12 -22
6
5
10. Similar as Example 5. Ans. x = 2 and y =9
11. Similar as Example 5. 2- 5 3+ 5
Ans. x =3, y = 6,z =9 and t =6 3 22
4+ 0-6
5
12. Hint and y' -6y =9
y'-6y 6 39| 2 13
Ans. x =1,2 and y =3+3/2 Y= 5 5 = 5
342 14
13. Nehave, 2X + 3Y ...) 5 5

14. Hint Add and subtract the given equations.

3X + 2Y 2 0
and ..ü) Ans. X: and Y -

On multiplying Eq. (i) by 2 and Eq. (ii) by 3, we get 15. Similar as Example 8.
4 6|
4X +6Y = ..(ü) 4 1 -1 -2 0
|8 0 Ans. A + B=9 2 7,
7 B-C= 4 -1 3
-6
and 9X + 6Y ...(iv) 3 -1 4 |1 2 0
15|
 Exam Pattern Exercise
[1 0 0!
Matrix0 3 o is a diagonal
Questions 7Assertion(A)
Part A-ObjectiveType
MulipieChoice Type Questions matrix.
Identity matrix of order 3is a diagonal
square matrix, if Reason(R)
1A=la Jmxn is a matrix. matrices
(b) m >n The product oftWO
(a) m<n these 8Assertion (A) [4 22]
(d) None of [-1 2]
(c) m =n 1 3 4] 6
7y -13] then 0land| 3 4 is 7
y +6 -1 2 2 6 18|
-1
|1 3 2 matrices Aand Bis
(a) x =3, y=1 (b) x =2,y =3 The product oftwo
(d) x =3,y=3 (R) of Ais equal to
(c) x =2, y=4
Reason number of columns
defined, ifthe ofB.
then ofrows
is such that 4 =l, the number 1 2 4
-a

(b) 1-a'+ By =0 A=|2 3 -1is symmetric

(a) 1+a+ By =0 9Assertion (A) Matrix -1 5
(c)1-a'-By =0 (d) 1+ a'-By =0 |4
then (B + B)equals
If AB=Å and BA =B, [CBSE 2024]
matrix. 1 -2|
3 is a
(a) 24 (b) 0 Reason (R) Matrix B=-1
2 -3 0
(c) 2I (d) 2B
-5 10| then AB is skew-symmetric matrix.
1 0 and B
-10 5 [CBSE 2023]
5 10 [o -51 Part B- Descriptive Questions
10 -25l
-5|
[-5 10 Very Short Answer Type Questions if i#j then
10If matrix A=l4,hx2 where &y o, ifi=j
5 1 then the values of x find value of 4.
3y +1] whose
[CBSE 2023] 11Let A-la,nxn be a diagonal matrixandB=(bjnn
and y are diagonal elements are different
(a) x =3y=5 is some another natrix. If AB =(cnxn, then find G
(b) x=5,y=3 2x + y 4x] 7 7y-13| then find the value of
(c) x =2,y=7 12f 5x -7 ly x6
(a)x=7,y =2 X and y.
ÄSsertion-Reason Based Questions 13If possible, then find the sum of the matrices Aand
[W3 1l
questionsgiven below
Directions (Q. Nos. 7-9) In the Assertion B, where A =
as (A) and |2 aland B=la b cl
are two statements labelled
two statements. which
Reason (R). In the context of the 14 Find the value of y-x from the following equato
correct?
one ofthe following iscorrect; R is the correct explanation 61
(a) Both AandRare
of A
is not the correct
()Both A and R are correct; R 15 Find non-zero values ofx satisfving the matriz
explanation ofA
R is incorrect
[2x 21
(c) A is corect;
(d) Ris correct;
Ais incorrect equaton -
MMices

2 109
|-2 s then find A B.
|3 -41
[9 -1 4] 31 IfA=1
then find the
matrix 1|and B=| 1 2
|2 o
2]
then verify that
A (BA) BA'.
ssuch that A' =1,
then value of 32 MA- and B- then
1-a'-By.
[1 2 0||O (A+ B) (A -B)+ show that
A'-B:
1]|2 o [1 0 2||x
19 Findx,if[l 2 33 Solve the matrix(x
-5 -1]|0 2
|2 O
5 4| |3 5 1] |10 -1
20Suppose,A
4-2 3and B- ,then find AB 34 If|2 1
and BA, if they exist.
|6 8

of A.
a1 oo-4, then find thevalue
|0 1

) Fnd xfrom the matrix

[1 0 O||x
equation-a: 4 35 Find the matrix A
satisfying the matrix equation
22If|0 y find xt y+ 2.
0 0 T2 0 11
36 If A
=|2 1 3, then find A' -5A
23 lf matrix +6.
= kA, then
write the -1 0
value of k.

24 If AandBare symmetric
37 HA 1|2 2|31 then prove that A-44 + A=0.
mnatrices of same order,
then (AB - BA') iswhich type of matrix. 38 IfA = -1 7then find ksuch that A² -8
|1 2] A+kl -0.
2A=|,then
4 find A+ A. 39 For the matrix |3 1]
cA= s, find aand bsuch that
A + al =bA, where I is a
Short Answer Type Questions [4
2x2 identity matrix.
[x+3 z+ 42y -7 0 6 3y -2|
26 LF -6 a-1 0
l3 -such that AB-BA.
-6 -3 2c+2, then
b-3 -21 0 Then, show that 2k + 17k-12 =0.
|2b + 4 -21 0 41 A
find the values of a, b, c and z. manufacturer sells the
two markets. Annual salesproducts x, y and z in
are indicated below
27 Assume Y, Wand P are
the matrices of orders Market Products
3Xk,nx 3and p xk.Find the
and p, so that PY + WY will berestrictions on n, k
28 Give defined. 10000 2000 18000
one example of skew--symmetric matrix of 6000
order 2 and order 3. 20000 8000
29 Find the (1) If unit sale prices of x, y and z are 2.50,
e
symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices 1.50 and 1.00 respectiively, then find
of matrixA= 0 -2 4) total revenue in each market with the the
0 -1. help of
matrix algebra.
-4 1 ol (ii) If the unit costs of the above three
30lf Aand B
BA are Symmetric matrices, then prove that commodities are?2.00,? 1.00 and 50paise,
2ABis neither asymmetric matrix nor respectively. Find the gross profit.
Skew-symmetric matrix. [Hint Profit = Revenue -Cost]
XY
y=3
villages
2 =4
x15.
(d)
4 (a) = 2
x z=
the 8. 12. -3
-6
in
made
: 5
-3
x=-1
19.
exist.
=2
k23.
matrix.-1
and
3. (b)
(c) 7. 11.
4,
b not =
c
skew-symmetric
attempts 14.
7 a=-2b=-7
below 17. does
Solutions BA
of given
21|
: 14
enumber (b)
2. (a)
6.
I 57 34 0
are 10. possible
Not
L3. a
22. is 26.
39 24 BA'
Z
and &
Hints 1 3 20. *=-1 [2
=|
AB 5] |5
8
(c)1. (d)5. (b)
9. 1
-
AB'
5 18.
0
16 21. 24. 25.