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Introduction To Logic Gates

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Allona Jane Briones
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12 views3 pages

Introduction To Logic Gates

Uploaded by

Allona Jane Briones
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION

Logic gates are the fundamental building blocks of digital electronics,


enabling the creation of complex digital circuits and systems that power
modern technology. From simple calculators to sophisticated
supercomputers, logic gates play a crucial role in processing and
manipulating digital information. Understanding logic gates is essential for
designing, analyzing, and optimizing digital systems, from simple
combinational circuits to sophisticated sequential systems.

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of logic gates,


including their basic principles, types, and applications. We will explore the
functionality, advantages, and limitations of various logic gates, such as:

- AND gates (Conjunction)

- OR gates (Disjunction)

- NOT gates (Inversion)

- NAND gates (AND negation)

- NOR gates (OR negation)

- XOR gates (Exclusive OR)

- XNOR gates (Exclusive NOR)

We will delve into:

Describe the action of logic gates.

• AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT, XOR and XNOR.

• Using Boolean expressions.

• Using truth tables.

Understand the use of universal gates.

• NAND.

• NOR.

By grasping the concepts and principles presented in this chapter, you


will gain a solid foundation in logic gates, enabling you to:

- Design and analyze digital circuits efficiently


- Optimize digital systems for performance, power, and area

- Understand the building blocks of modern digital technology

- Apply logic gates in various fields: computer science, electrical engineering,


electronics, and telecommunications

Why Logic Gates Matter

In digital systems, logic gates are essential for decision-making


processes. They control the flow of data, perform arithmetic operations, store
information, and enable communication between different components of a
system. By combining multiple logic gates, designers can create circuits that
perform complex tasks, such as adding numbers, comparing values, or even
running sophisticated algorithms.

Applications of Logic Gates

Logic gates are used in virtually every aspect of digital design, including:

 Arithmetic operations: Forming the basis for adders, subtractors,


and multipliers.
 Data storage: Constructing memory elements such as flip-flops and
registers.
 Control systems: Enabling decision-making and flow control in
circuits.
 Communication systems: Encoding and decoding information in
data transmission.

As we progress, you will see how these simple gates combine to form
more complex circuits and systems. Understanding logic gates is the first
step toward mastering digital design and exploring advanced technologies
like microcontrollers, processors, and embedded systems.

WHAT IS A DIGITAL DEVICE?

A digital device can be defined as any device that operates on or


manipulates binary, or two-state, information. Binary coding can be
represented by any type of two state device, such as an on or off light, an
open or closed switch, two different voltage levels, or the abstract symbols 0
(off) and 1 (on). In digital electronics, we are especially interested in
electronic digital devices that manipulate binary information that is in the
form of voltage levels (+5 volts for the logic 1 state and GROUND potential
for the logic 0 state). Through rather startling advances in the electronics
industry, it is now possible to construct devices that will change state very
quickly, in times as fast as 2 nanoseconds, or 0.000000002 seconds.
Furthermore, a wide variety of such devices can be purchased in quantities
of one for prices ranging from $ 0.14 to $ 1.50. Thus, two important
considerations – speed and low cost – have combined to make digital
electronics a powerful force for the improvement of society in the areas of
communications, controls, and data-processing.

WHAT ARE GATES?

A gate is the simplest digital device that has one or more inputs and
one output. The digital information appearing at the output depends upon
the combination of digital information that appears at the inputs. Actually,
the term “gate” has several meanings in the field of electronics. Here, we are
concerned only with the gate as a digital device.

WHAT IS A TRUTH TABLE?

A truth table is a tabulation that shows the relationship of all output


logic levels of a digital circuit to all possible combinations of input logic levels
in such a way as to characterize the circuit functions completely. By input or
output “logic levels” , we are referring to the logic 0 or logic 1.

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