Instrumentation & Control Engineering Design

Documents

This Document Explain Roles, Duties and Responsibility of I&C Design Team, for
creating, reviewing, and managing several important documents throughout
the project lifecycle. These instrument documents serve as technical
guidelines, project records, and communication tools.

 I&C Team Duties………………………………………………………………………… ( 2__6 )

 I&C Engineer’s Roles In Plant Design ……………………………………….…( 7__8 )
 Instrumentation Engineer Activities……………………………………………..( 9__10 )
 Instrumentation During the Detail Design Phase …………………...….( 11__13 )
 Instrumentation Engineer Documents ………………………….……………( 14__15 )
 Detail List of Instrumentation and Control Project Engineering Documents.
1. Process Control Systems Philosophy……………………………...( 16__18 )
2. Instrument Design Basis………………………………………………...( 19__20 )
3. Instrument Data Sheet…………………………………………………...( 21__22 )
4. Piping And Instrumentation Diagrams (P&ID) ……………...( 23__25 )
5. Instrumentation Hook-Up Drawings……………………………...( 26__27 )
6. Instrument Location Layouts……………………………….…………( 28 )
7. Wiring And Loop Diagram ……………………………………….……( 29 )
8. Instrument Loop Diagram (ILD)………………………………………( 30__31 )
9. Bill Of Materials (Bom)……………………………………………………( 32 )
10. Cause And Effect Matrix…………………………………………………( 33 )
11. Cable Schedules………………………………………………………..……( 34 )
12. Logic Diagram……………………………………………………………..…(35__36 )
13. System architecture………………………………………………….( 37__39 )
14. Abbreviation ………………………………………………………………….( 40__41 )

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 I&C Team Duties

The following are some of the main instrument team duties.

1- Instrument Cabling
2- Automation Systems Requirements
3- Control Room
4- Consumer Lists
5- Instrument Earthing Requirements
6- Analyzers Heat Tracing
7- Communications
8- I&C Requisitions
9- Other I&C Activities & Documentations
10- Instrument Packages Design Activities

1- Instrument Cabling

The cabling includes all activities, concerns, and documents relevant to

hardware supports for transferring signals including:

• Cable Route Design (Cable Trays/ Ladders, Supports/ Accessories, …)

• Pipes/ Tubes Routes.
• Cables & Bulk Material Take Off (Junction Boxes, Cable Trays/ Ladders, Cable
Glands, Tubes & Tube Fittings, …)
• Instruments/ Valves Up-stream/ Down-stream Considerations
• Access Ways

For this part of activities, the I&C Team shall coordinate simultaneously with
Electrical and PIPING Teams (as mentioned before for cable routes design and
plant layout boundaries and allocations).

Also, for this part of the activities, it may need close coordination with the
Electrical team for preparation of relevant material and procurement cycles.

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2- Automation Systems Requirements

The system requirements include:

• I/O Type Definition & Assignment

• Safety Trip Signals
• Remote I/O Configuration or Interposing Relay Panel (IRP) Design
• Analog Signals (Analog Speed Setpoints & Load Current Feedback Indications ,
etc.)

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall coordinate with the Electrical
Team for exact signal interfacings (types and quantities) for MCC cells.

3- Control Room

The control room activities include:

• Control Room Layout & Arrangement Design

• Space Reserving & allocations for Electrical Panels/ Cabinets/ Equipment

For this part of the activities, the Electrical Team shall inform and coordinate
with the I&C Team for required spaces.

4- Consumer Lists

The consumer lists include:

• Systems (cabinets & panels) and Instruments UPS Power Consumer List.
• Systems (cabinets & panels) and Instruments Non-UPS Power Consumer List.
• UPS (& Non-UPS) Distribution Panel Arrangement.

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team for required UPS and non-UPS power feeder estimations.

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5- Instrument Earthing Requirements

The instrument earthing requirements include:

• I&C Earthing Requirement definitions (Instrument/ System/ Safety /Clean Earth

+ Primary/ Protection Electrical Earth)

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team for the required types of Earth sources with defined path
resistances.

6- Analyzers Heat Tracing

The analyzer heat tracing activities include:

• Process & Analyzers (Instruments & Routes) Steam and Electrical Heat tracing
Considerations.

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team for required Electrical Heat Tracing on specified sections.

7- Communications

The communication-related activities include:

• Communications (Hardware and Serial Links, Soft link ) for all Systems (which
their signals shall be monitored in DCS and /or Higher Levels).

For this part of the activities, the Electrical Team shall inform and coordinate
with the I&C Team for required communication (links) hardware and considered
communication (signal) lists.

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8- I&C Requisitions

The Instrumentation and control systems related requisitions include:

• Activities and Documentation for Design and Engineering related to Providing

Requisitions, Proceeding Procurement Cycles, and Vendors Document Checking.
• I&C Requisitions include Systems, (DCS, ESD, PLC, …) Instruments, Cables, Bulk
materials,.
• Systems (cabinets & panels) and Instruments Non-UPS Power Consumer List.

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team for any action required or any items (including power and
cables) that shall be supplied by the Electrical Team.

Electrical Team shall inform the I&C Team of any probable Instruments (or other
items) that can be supplied by the I&C Team.

9- Other I&C Activities & Documentations

The miscellaneous instrumentation activities include:

• All other I&C Team Activities and Documents that shall be produced by them in
Design + Engineering phase (like Control Philosophy Implementation, Logic/
Interlock Diagram, …).

For this part of the activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team for any required actions.

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10- Instrument Packages Design Activities

The instrument package design activities include:

• Technical Supports and assistances to other Disciplines (Package Originators) on

providing Specifications and Requirements (Philosophy) Definitions for packages.
• I&C Team shall help for Signals and Hardware Design Requirements according to
Project Requirements (including Instrumentations, Control philosophies,
Interlocks, communication Lists, Cables, Panels, JB’s, Tubes and other accessories,
Hook-ups, Routes, …).

For this part of activities, the I&C Team shall inform and coordinate with the
Electrical Team further to coordinate with Package Originators for required
actions including finalizing Signal Lists and Interlocks further
to MCC Interfacings.

I&C and ELECTRICAL Teams are essential two parts of a collection of technical
teams for Industrial Process Plant Projects, which their activities and
documentation have very close relations to each other’s.

In different Engineering (or Manufacturing) companies we may find some

different definitions for the main duties (responsibility scopes) of I&C and
Electrical Teams but mainly we may find the main activities and interactions of
these two teams as summarized

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  I&C Engineer’s Roles in Plant Design

Here is a simplified list of I&C Engineer’s roles in plant design:

• Feasibility studies for proposed systems.

• Designing control systems.
• Developing and interpreting specifications.
• Sizing and selecting instruments.
• Developing process and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs).
• Evaluating safety system design.
• Conducting hazard and operability studies (HAZOP).
• Verifying and validating designs.
• Collaborating with multi-disciplinary teams.
• Documenting all design processes.
• Supervising installation.
• Testing system performance.
• Commissioning and decommissioning of instruments.
• Ensuring compliance with safety and environmental regulations.
• Overseeing project management aspects.

So, let us have a review of I&C’s roles and responsibilities in doing such a
step of the normal project.

Process Plant Project (in the Detail Design phase)

Although different companies have their own arrangement or role definitions

of different technical and non-technical teams or departments to do the
required activities and documents of normal process plant projects, and they
may have their own procedures and software, and facilities,
they shall follow generally the below sequence:
1. Getting the project requirements and analysis of them
2. Preparing the relevant specifications (and plans)
3. Doing the detailed study and calculations of the detailed design
4. Preparing the material and purchase requisitions
5. Procurement and coordination with vendors for manufacturing

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6. Test and check the validity of supplied items
7. Site assistance for construction, installation & commissioning, and start-up of
the plant.
Of course, you may see different definitions for steps and subsequences of
required jobs and activities in different articles but may say that the above-
mentioned sequence generally covers more of them.
However, generally can say that I&C specialists in the detail design phase are
responsible for three main documents:
1. The documents are produced by themselves.
2. The documents are produced by others and monitored by them.
3. The documents produced by their mutual cooperation of them (and include
required data via I&C study).
Further to these three types of documents, some data or documents are to be
supplied by others as inputs to I&C activities which are defined in different
formats (shown and defined on legends).

I&C specialists are engaged in all steps of Design, Construction,

Commissioning & Start-up, and Operation & Maintenance of the process plant
to do some activities and prepare documentation by themselves or via links (or
communications) to other responsible disciplines, teams, or departments to get
some data or information or to help/do their jobs or producing their
documents

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  Instrumentation Engineer Activities.

In the previous, we learned about the different I&C engineer roles and
responsibilities and the main relevant documents, while some major points can
be described below approaches.

Instrumentation and Control (I&C) systems are integral to the operation of

many industrial processes, including power generation, oil and gas production,
manufacturing, and more. During the Detail Design phase of a project, a lot of
focus is given to the I&C systems to ensure their efficient and safe operation.

Instrumentation Design Engineers play a crucial role in designing,

implementing, and maintaining instrumentation and control systems in a
variety of industries.

Here’s a general view of instrument engineers’ typical activities:

1. System Design: This involves designing the complete instrumentation

system for a project. This includes the selection of appropriate instruments,
defining their locations, identifying the connection details, etc.
2. Instrument Selection: The engineer selects the appropriate instruments based
on process parameters, system requirements, and industry standards. These
can include sensors, transmitters, control valves, switches, etc.
3. Preparation of Specifications: Engineers prepare detailed technical
specifications for each instrument. This includes technical details, operational
conditions, maintenance requirements, etc.
4. Creation of Design Documents: These can include P&ID (Piping and
Instrumentation Diagrams), loop diagrams, instrument data sheets, wiring
diagrams, installation details, etc.
5. Interface with Other Disciplines: Engineers need to coordinate with other
disciplines like process, mechanical, electrical, etc., to ensure that the design is
integrated and conflicts are resolved.

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6. Hazard Analysis: They may be involved in HAZOP (Hazard and Operability)
studies to identify potential safety and operational issues.
7. Vendor Coordination: This involves coordinating with instrument vendors to
ensure that the instruments meet the specifications. It may also include
activities like attending FATs (Factory Acceptance Tests).
8. Supporting Procurement: Engineers assist procurement teams in the ordering
process. This can involve activities like technical bid analysis.
9. Testing and Commissioning Support: Engineers provide support
during system testing, commissioning, and startup. They may also be involved
in resolving any issues that arise during these stages.
10. Providing Training: Instrumentation Design Engineers may provide training
to the operation and maintenance staff to help them understand how the
instrumentation system operates and how to maintain it.
11. Continuous Improvement: They monitor the performance of the
instrumentation system and suggest improvements. They also stay up-to-date
with the latest technology trends and industry standards.
These activities can vary depending on the industry, the specific project
requirements, and the organization’s structure and processes.

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  Instrumentation During the Detail Design Phase

Below is a general view of I&C engineer activities and documents during the
Detail Design phase:

1- Input Analysis

As the first step of doing a process project during Detail Design, some data
shall be gathered and analyzed for finding the project requirements,
limitations, and considerations.

Normally these inputs include (Technical) Contract (as a basis for defining the
scope of work and supply and following responsibilities, further to defined
Customer/ User Requirements), Design Basis (Documents and data provided by
licensor or Basic Design Contractor), Business Requirements (based on
commercial items/limitations of contract and customer approach on supplying
of budgets), Approved Vendor Lists (and available technologies), Standards/
Codes/ Governmental or Local Rules.

Further to these inputs, all stockholder’s concerns and also company

procedures/ practices are the main inputs of doing the first step of (I&C) detail
design.

2- Preparing Specifications and Datasheets

By studying the mentioned inputs further to some activities (including

participation in meetings, conversations/discussions with other technical
disciplines, and doing some calculations) I&C specialists shall prepare required
project specifications, data sheets, and requirements for some following
required documents/ materials/ equipment.

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 The main items in these steps are

• P&ID’s Preparations/ Finalization

• Overall, I&C Requirements Concepts (considerations)
• Plant Process Data
• HAZOP/SIL Studies & Safety Requirements
• Hazardous Area Classification
• Plant Layout/ Project Area (Boundaries/ Limitations/ Locations), and also
• Power/ Utility Requirements.

3- Preparing Documents for Procurement/ Supplying of Materials

I&C Specialists shall prepare all required documents for Procurement /

Supplying of Required Instruments, Auxiliary items required for Instrumentation
& Signaling (including Cables, Tubes, Fittings, Junction Boxes, Cable Trays, and
Ladders, …), required Project Packages/ Equipment (in the scope of other
disciplines), and also All required systems and sub-systems (including DCS, ESD,
F&G, PLC, …).

Of course, the Procurement phase is very complicated and shall be done

based on exact planning and assigning man-hours at suitable times. It shall be
mentioned here that some of the items in each project are considered as Long-
Delivery items which need more notices and activation at the preliminary times
of the project.

4- Reviewing of Vendor Documents

During Purchasing of Packages/ Equipment/ Instruments /Auxiliary Items,

relevant vendors shall submit required documents that are monitored and
studied by I&C specialists for any probable comments or approvals (via
comparison with project requirements).

Proceeding with each purchase requestion /order will be done by company

procedures in different ways and via project planning and in some cases, it may
include other probable activities (for example actual tests).

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 5- Preparing Documents for Site Construction & Equipment Installations

Of course, some I&C documents are needed during Site Construction &
Equipment Installations, and such items are prepared during the project
progress and planned schedule.

In fact, such documents shall be ready at suitable times, and any fault or
disturbance on such documents may hold the site activities.

6- Core Activities

Some of the I&C activities and documents can be mentioned as core items
due to their importance and extensive action domains.

I&C Project database (Instrument Index) and implementing project safety

requirements, further to the overall control system block diagram(philosophy)
are some examples that have relations to approximately all I&C activities/
documents (or domains).

7- Different Size of Scope based on Project Execution Types

Based on different applicable contracts between the client and Detail

Engineering company the size and some types of activities of I&C scope can
be changed. As an example, the mentioned scope may be found differently if
the project is EPC, EPS, Turn-Key, or other possible cases.

One of the major changes in different project types can be seen in engaging
I&C specialists (from Detail Engineering Company) in Commissioning & Start-
Up phase.

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  Instrumentation Engineer Documents.

An Instrumentation Design Engineer is responsible for creating, reviewing, and

managing several important documents throughout the project lifecycle.
These instrument documents serve as technical guidelines, project records,
and communication tools.

Below are some key documents typically prepared by an Instrumentation

Design Engineer:

2. Instrument Data Sheets: These documents provide detailed specifications for

each instrument, including its type, size, range, accuracy, material of
construction, manufacturer details, etc.
3. Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams (P&IDs): These diagrams depict the
process flow and show the detailed instrumentation control scheme.
4. Instrument Index: An instrument index lists all the instruments involved in the
project, along with their key details like tag number, type, location, function,
etc.
5. Loop Diagrams: These diagrams show the detailed wiring connections
between field instruments, junction boxes, marshalling cabinets, and system
cabinets.
6. Instrument Location Layouts: These layouts show the physical location of the
instruments in the plant, aiding in installation and maintenance.
7. Hook-up Diagrams: The hook-up diagrams depict the detailed installation
process for each instrument, including all the necessary accessories.
8. Bill of Materials (BOM): This includes a list of all instruments and accessories
required for the project.
9. Cable Schedules: These provide details about the type, size, length, and route
of the cables used for each instrument.
10. Functional Design Specifications (FDS): These define the expected
performance and functional requirements of a control system.
11. Cause and Effect Matrix: This document outlines how the control
system should react to each possible input signal, effectively depicting the
control philosophy of the system.

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12. Factory Acceptance Test (FAT) and Site Acceptance Test (SAT)
Procedures: These provide detailed procedures for testing the systems at the
vendor’s and the customer’s site, respectively.
13. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and Maintenance
Manuals: These are prepared to provide guidance to operators and
maintenance personnel.
14. Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) Reports: These reports identify
potential safety and operational issues.
The type and detail of these documents can vary based on the specific project
requirements and industry standards.

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 Detail List of Instrumentation and Control Project
Engineering Documents

 Process Control Systems Philosophy

At the beginning of detail design engineering of Process Plant Project,

I&C-Team shall get the project inputs (requirements and conditions) and
by exact investigations shall try to provide suitable Process Control
Systems Philosophy of the project

Process Control Systems Philosophy is one of the most important

concepts that has essential effects on Instrumentation & Control
(I&C)-Team activities further to Plant Operation Performances and any
Required Future Modifications.
Process Control Systems Philosophy is a conceptual phrase for
describing the hidden & apparent rules and settings applicable to
whole Control & Safety Systems (Hardware & Software) and
Instrumentations that exist in the Process Plant and expected Signal
Interfacings & Functional/ Operational Facilities
In fact, the Process Control Systems Philosophy can be considered as a
cloud environment that includes all project requirements and conditions,
and accordingly provides structured requirements and I&C-Team
observers can produce required documents by the suitable special view to
that structure.

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 generally, shows, such documents may include: Control Systems Block
Diagram (System(s) Architecture), Specifications Documents, Datasheets/
Requisitions Documents, Drawings/ Diagrams Documents, and Interlocks/
Logics (Functional Operations) Documents, further to other required
documents.

It shall be noticed that each set of document types contains some faces of
Process Control Systems Philosophy and a full understanding can be
achieved through the complete set of documents (multiple types).
However some documents will have overlap faces to each other and
hence, on the case of missed information or data in any document, it may
be possible to find it from (/by the help of) other documents

(If the Process Control Systems Philosophy were followed by the right
manner).

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  Instrument Design Basis or I&C Design Criteria

1- This document is the first document which is prepared by an Instrument

Engineer to start detail engineering of Instrumentation and Control System.
Sometimes it forms a document in deliverable list. It is prepared from Contract
Document, about Key requirements of Instrumentation and Control System
are taken from contract document and put in Design basis. It is approved by
client and then it forms the basis of design Criteria of Instrumentation and
Control system for carrying out I&C detail engineering. It helps instrument
engineers during detail engineering as all key points of contract are covered in
this document.
2- The main purpose of this document is to describe the basis of design for I&C
works of the Project in accordance with project specifications, accepted
deviations, clarifications replies and applicable codes & standards for related
scope of work. The criteria describe and document the parameters,
assumptions, conditions, and other design requirements upon which design
drawings, calculations, specifications, and other design deliverables are
based
3- Following key information are usually covered.

 Project Name, Project No, Location, Relevant Parties.

 Environmental conditions. (Site & Climatic conditions, Seismic &Soil conditions,
wind rose diagram, etc.)
 Plant Component Configuration (Turbines, Type of Fuel, Water, Electrical,
Control System, etc.)
 List of Plant Abbreviation.
 Plant Hazardous/ nonhazardous requirement as per fluids processed within
boundary limits of the plant.
 Voltage levels available for the plant/ unit.
 Enclosure protection level to be used.
 Codes and standards to followed.
 Tagging & Numbering philosophy.

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 Instrumentation Technical Specification.

1- Measurements Redundancy.
2- Hazardous Area Requirements.
3- Degree of Protection.
4- Units
5- Identification and tagging.
6- Field Instrumentation Range.
7- Material Selection Philosophy.
8- Field Instrumentation Selection Philosophy.
9- Valves, and Valves actuators.
10- Vibration Measurements.
11- Installation Philosophy.

 Special technical notes to be followed as part of the contract.

 Battery limits and exclusions.
 Distributed Control System & Control philosophy.

1- DCS Network.
2- DCS Controller.
3- DCS Interface.
4- Control Cables.
5- Power Supplies.
6- I/O List.
7- Time Synchronization with Third Party.
8- Control and Monitoring System.

 Emergency shutdown philosophy.

 Fire and Gas Detection philosophy.
 Interface requirements with electrical, mechanical, piping, civil, process, etc.
 Order of Precedence to be followed while referring to Contract Documents.
 Approved vendor list.
 Control and Monitoring System

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  INSTRUMENT DATA SHEET.

An instrument datasheet is a document that provides detailed information

about an instrument or device used in industrial processes. It typically includes
information such as Tag & P&ID number, service description, location (line
number/equipment number), Material and process data, Instrument and
calibration range, material, Operating Condition, hazardous certification (for
electrical device), Power Supply and type of output Signal, accessories required,
etc. The details of information in data sheet may differ among each type of
instrument such as transmitter, switch, gauge, control valves.

What is the difference between instrument specification and instrument

data sheet?

The terms of instrument specification and instrument data sheet are used
interchangeably by some practitioner. Both are referred as the documents or
information sheet which specifying the details of instrument. You often see
manufacturers use the word “specification” in their product flyer and some time
you get “data sheet” in different manufacturer product sheet.

For those who involve in the project, instrument specification and instrument
data sheet are two different documents. Instrument specification is a document
which limit the boundary of instrument. It says the general rule of how to
specify an instrument to be used. Meanwhile, information in data sheet is much
more detail and much more specific to suit the application.

The following example provides how the specification and data sheet talk
about instrument range:

Specification:

“The range of instrument must be selected so that maximum value of process

variable does not exceed 90% of calibrated range”

Data Sheet:

“0 – 100 barg” (in which case the maximum process pressure is 90 barg)

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 Instrument specification is to be generated first and based on this document
we can derived the data sheet while getting other information from others
documents during preparation of instrument datasheet.

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  PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAMS (P&IDS)

A piping and instrumentation diagram/drawing (P&ID) is defined by the

Institute of Instrumentation and Control as follows:

1. A diagram which shows the interconnection of process equipment and the

instrumentation used to control the process. In the process industry, a
standard set of symbols is used to prepare drawings of processes. The
instrument symbols used in these drawings are generally based on
International Society of Automation (ISA) Standard S5. 1.

2. The primary schematic drawing used for laying out a process control
installation.

P&IDs play a significant role in the maintenance and modification of the

process that it describes. It is critical to demonstrate the physical sequence of
equipment and systems, as well as how these systems connect. During the
design stage, the diagram also provides the basis for the development of
system control schemes, allowing for further safety and operational
investigations, such as a Hazard and operability study commonly pronounced
as HAZOP.

For processing facilities, it is a pictorial representation of

• Key piping and instrument details
• Control and shutdown schemes
• Safety and regulatory requirements
• Basic start up and operational information

List of P&ID items

• Instrumentation and designations
• Mechanical equipment with names and numbers
• All valves and their identifications
• Process piping, sizes and identification
• Miscellanea – vents, drains, special fittings, sampling lines, reducers, increasers
and swaggers

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• Permanent start-up and flush lines
• Flow directions
• Interconnections references
• Control inputs and outputs, interlocks
• Interfaces for class changes
• Computer control system
• Identification of components and subsystem

Difference between PFD and P&ID

Process Flow Diagram

The process flow diagram is also known as “flow sheet” is the first document
that enables a clear understanding of the process to be controlled. It shows
only the major equipment without details.

That means it shows the crucial elements of the process such as pumps,
vessels, turbines, heaters, columns in the system. These, together with the
associated material balance, enable a single document to give the control
systems engineer a good grasp of the process.

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams

A Piping and instrumentation drawing (P&ID) comprises more details than a

PFD. It is developed based on information from process flow diagrams, which is
developed based on a Block flow Diagram.

A P&ID drawing includes both major and minor details of the process plant.

It displays all major equipment like tanks, heat exchangers, pumps, piping
details, and also instrumentation details like all pressure temperature and flow
instruments, control valves, pressure safety valves, various meters,
and tapping details.

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  INSTRUMENTATION HOOK-UP DRAWINGS.

is also called Installation drawing, specifies the scope of work between

Mechanical and Instrumentation departments. It is a detailed drawing showing
typical installation of an instrument in a correct manner so that the instrument
operates properly and prevent issues which could potentially affect the
measurement such as liquid trap in gas impulse.

instrument Hook Up Diagrams detail the accessory and tubing hookup for both
process and field instruments based on the tag number. It should include
standard specifications for the welding of hook-up piping, heat tracing &
insulation and pressure testing & painting requirements.

Generally included
• Tag number
• Numbers of the loop drawing.
• Layout & routing drawing and isometric piping drawing containing the
particular control loop component.
• Elevations of both the primary control loop component and process
connection.
• Tagging of mechanical (piping or equipment) to instrumentation interface
• Tagging of all elements/fittings & valves with item numbers.
• Direction of slopes in hook-up lines.

Instrumentation Construction Engineer has to review and verify certain

important points before going for an Instrument erection.

• Check Tag No of particular instrument or list of instruments.

• Scope of work between mechanical and instrumentation.
• Bill of material such as SS fittings, Tubing, Isolation valves, plugs, manifold
block, Transmitter bracket mounting type (Vertical or Horizontal) mounting
bracket type,
• Check for bulk material for each installation
• Type of material to use to measure based on fluid and its parameters.

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• Position of instrument in reference to process tapping point.
• The tubing slopes need to be paid attention.

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  Instrument Location Layout.

The purpose of an instrument location layout is to provide a visual

representation of the physical layout of the instrumentation and
control devices in a facility. It is used to help design and install the control
system, as well as to troubleshoot and maintain the system.

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  WIRRING Diagram.

A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial representation of an

electrical circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes,
and the power and signal connections between the devices.

A wiring diagram usually gives information about the relative position and
arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices, to help in building or
servicing the device and making it easier to plan, install, troubleshoot, and
maintain electrical circuits

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  Instrument Loop Diagram (ILD)

It is used in checking for correct installation and connection when tested

during pre-commissioning and commissioning stages, useful while
troubleshooting during operation.

1. Instrument loop diagram (ILD) represents a connection from the field

instrument to Control Room. (vice versa)
2. Instrument loop diagram is divided into two basic sections. One is the field side
and other is Control Room side. (vice versa)
3. Field side is again divided into field area and Junction box.
4. Control Room side is divided into marshalling cabinet rear, Marshalling Cabinet
Front.

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31 | P a g e Mohamed Elshamy: +201017155330
  BILL OF MATERIALS (BOM)

A bill of materials (BOM) is a comprehensive list of parts, items, assemblies,

subassemblies, intermediate assemblies, documents, drawings, and other
materials required to create a product. The BOM can be thought of as the
recipe used to create a finished product, presented in a hierarchical format.
Depending on the product, it may include mechanical (hardware), electrical
(e.g., ICs, PCBAs), software, and related documents and drawings

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  Cause and Effect Matrix.

A Cause-and-Effect Matrix is a visual tool that helps identify and quantify the
relationships between various input variables (causes) and output variables
(effects) in a process or system. It's a two-dimensional grid where potential
causes are listed along one axis and potential effects along the other.

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  Cable Schedules

Cable Schedule is a document containing a list of Instrument cables. This

document shows cable as well as gland required by each instrument or
connection.
The information of the cable schedule consists:
• Cable Number
• Cable Type / Specification
• Cable Size
• Cable Length
• Source and destination termination description
• Cable gland type and size for each incoming cable
Cable schedule is a reference in preparing Material Take-Off of cable for
procurement. However, cable length shown on this document is approximate
only. Therefore, there should be a contingency for material procurement to
allow spare for cable cutting, unexpected barriers in the field, riser, etc.

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  Logic Diagram

A logic gate is a device that performs a Boolean function, a logical operation

performed on one or more binary inputs that produces a single binary output.
To read and interpret logic diagrams, the reader must understand what each of
the specialized symbols represent,

Basic Logic Symbols

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36 | P a g e Mohamed Elshamy: +201017155330
  System Architecture

 System architecture is a design that depicts which components are used

in the automation system and how they are interconnected. It does not
show electrical panel components.

 Basically, the main role is to show major devices like PLC, SCADA, HMI, IO
modules, network switches, VFD, or another type of device that has
communication protocol in it and is connected to the PLC system too.

 System architecture thus helps the engineer to understand the flow of the
system design. If you can identify that a PLC port cable is connected to
some other device that is wrong, then you can rectify the fault by
interchanging the wire or changing the device itself. So, this drawing must
be properly made with correct information, because it serves as the base
for troubleshooting, design, and maintenance.

 A system architecture should show the mentioned components with their

quantities on the other side of the page (we will see it later in the post).
The components should be linked by the corresponding communication
protocols, thus determining the placement and data flow of the network.

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38 | P a g e Mohamed Elshamy: +201017155330
39 | P a g e Mohamed Elshamy: +201017155330
  Abbreviation

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 Pressure TEMPERATURE
P : PRESSURE T: TEMPERATURE
PI : PRESSURE INDICATOR TI : TEMPERATURE INDICATOR
PG : PRESSURE GAUGE TW : THERMOWELL
PCV : PRESSURE CONTROL VALVE TM : THERMOMETER
PT : PRESSURE TRANSMITTER TE : TEMPERATURE ELEMENT
PIT : PRESSURE INDICATING TRANSMITTER RTD : RESISTANCE TEMPERATURE DETECTOR
PIC : PRESSURE INDICATING CONTROLLER T/C : THERMOCOUPLE
PDT : PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL TRANSMITTER TT : TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER
PRV : PRESSURE REDUCING VALVE TIC : TEMPERATURE INDICATING CONTROLLER
PSV : PRESSURE SAFETY VALVE TRC : TEMPERATURE RECORDER CONTROLLER
PS : PRESSURE SWITCH TCV : TEMPERATURE CONTROL VALVE
PSH : PRESSURE SWITCH HIGH TS : TEMPERATURE SWITCH
PSL : PRESSURE SWITCH LOW TSH : TEMPERATURE SWITCH HIGH
PSHH : PRESSURE SWITCH HIGH HIGH TSL : TEMPERATURE SWITCH LOW
PSLL : PRESSURE SWITCH LOW LOW TA : TEMPERATURE ALARM FLOW
PDS : PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH
PDSH : PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH HIGH
PDSL : PRESSURE DIFFERENTIAL SWITCH LOW
PA : PRESSURE ALARM

FLOW LEVEL
F : FLOW L : LEVEL
FI : FLOW INDICATOR LI : LEVEL INDICATOR
FG : FLOW GLASS / FLOW GAUGE LG : LEVEL GAUGE
FE : FLOW ELEMENT LIT : LEVEL INDICATING TRANSMITTER
FIT : FLOW INDICATING TRANSMITTER LCV : LEVEL CONTROL VALVE
FCV : FLOW CONTROL VALVE LDT : LEVEL DISPLACER TRANSMITTER
FIC : FLOW INDICATING CONTROLLER LIC : LEVEL INDICATING CONTROLLER
FS : FLOW SWITCH LRC : LEVEL RECORDING CONTROLLER
FY : FLOW CONVERTER LS : LEVEL SWITCH
FA : FLOW ALARM LSH : LEVEL SWITCH HIGH
FR : FLOW RECORDER LSL : LEVEL SWITCH LOW
FRC : FLOW RECORDING CONTROLLER LA : LEVEL ALARM
RLT : RADAR LEVEL TRANSMITTER.

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Prepared by:

Mohamed Emad Elshamy

Lead Commissioning Engineer I&C , With 12 Years’ Experience in Electrical Power Plant
Simple & Combined Cycle, Thermal Power Plant Critical and Super critical, Hydropower
Generation and Water Treatments Plant.

Reference:

1- Using Years of Experience.

2- Inst Tools: https://instrumentationtools.com.
3- Network Searching.

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