EE1010 – CIRCUIT SIMULATION II

NAME: DISSANAYAKE G.W.D.M.P.B.

REG. NO: E/23/085
GROUP: A29
SEMESTER 1
DATE: 06/01/2025
Laboratory Exercise 3: Transient Behavior of RL and RLC Circuits
Laboratory Exercise 3.1: RL Circuit
i. Build the circuit shown in Fig. Ex. 3.1.1 in the simulator.
S1
A
PR1
+ -

V3
V1

8.1489V
V2 L1
18.1489V 2H
S2
+

V4
-

R2
R3
2Ω 3Ω
R1
6Ω

Figure 8: The simulated RC circuit

ii. Simulate the circuit and observe the variation of output current through the Inductor.

Figure 9: The current variation through the inductor

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iii. Based on the results obtained in part ii, derive the appropriate equivalent circuit for
the part of the circuit excluding the inductor for 𝑡 > 1.1 𝑠 and build it in the simulator.
Figure 10: The simulated equivalent circuit for RC circuit

S1

+ -

V3
A
I1 R2 PR1
3.475A
4.5Ω
L1
2H

Figure 11: The variation of the current through the inductor

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iv. Set initial conditions of the inductor to suit the condition of it at 𝑡 = 1.1 s in the
previous part.

S2

-
V1

2
+
A I3
PR2
I2 R1
3.475A L2
R3
4.5Ω
2H
5Ω

Figure 12: The simulated circuit diagram when 𝑡 = 1.1 s

v. Simulate the circuit and compare the current through the inductor with that obtained
in part ii for 𝑡 > 1.1 s.

LEGEND
Original
t>1.1
after setting
initial conditions

Figure 13: The current through the induct

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Laboratory Exercise 3.2: RL Circuit

i. Build three circuits of configuration shown in Fig. Ex. 3.2.1 using the following values
of resistors, the capacitor and the inductor.

𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.005 F, 𝐿 = 0.400 H

𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.005 F, 𝐿 = 0.180 H

𝑅1 = 𝑅2 = 𝑅3 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.005 F, 𝐿 = 0.005 H

R1 R3

2Ω 2Ω
S2
R2
+

V4 R7 R8
L1
-

C1
2Ω 0.4H
0.005F 2Ω 2Ω
V2 S3
8.1489V V6
R9

+
L3

-
C3
2Ω
0.005F
V5 0.005H
R4 R5
8.1489V
2Ω 2Ω
S1
R6
+

V3
L2 XSC2
-

C2
2Ω 0.18H
0.005F G
V1 T
8.1489V A B C D

Figure 14: The simulated RC circuits

ii. Observe the and compare the voltages across the inductor for the three cases mentioned
above using four-channel oscilloscope.

LEGEND
Circuit 1
Circuit 2
Circuit 3

Figure 15: The voltage across the inductor for three cases

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iii. Provide explanation for different shapes of these curves in your report. The voltage
across the inductors is vary with the value of the inductance.

Circuit Rn(Norton’s L(Inductance)/H C(Capacitance) 1 1

𝛼= 𝜔=
Resistance)/Ω /F 2𝑅𝐶 √𝐿𝐶
1 3 0.400 0.005 33.33 22.36

2 3 0.180 0.005 33.33 33.33

3 3 0.005 0.005 33.33 200

 In circuit 1, 𝜶 > 𝝎𝟎 . Hence the variation of voltage across the inductor is overdamped. Here
the overshoot in voltage is comparatively High and oscillations in voltage have not occurred.

 In circuit 2, 𝜶 = 𝝎𝟎. Hence the variation of voltage across the inductor is critically damped.
Hence the overshoot in voltage is comparatively high (lower than circuit 1). Here also no
oscillations are occurred.

 In circuit 3, 𝜶 < 𝝎𝟎 . Hence the variation of voltage across the inductor is underdamped.
Here the overshoot in voltage is comparatively low and oscillations in voltage are occurred.

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3.3. Laboratory Exercise: RC Circuit

i. Build three circuits of the configuration shown in Fig. Ex. 3.3.1 using the following values
of the resistor and the capacitors.
𝑅 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.01 F 𝑅 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.05 F 𝑅 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.10 F
𝑅 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.50 F 𝑅 = 2 Ω, 𝐶 = 1.00 F

S1
S2 R2
R1
+ - 2Ω
+ - 2Ω C2
V3
V4 C1 V2 0.10F S5
V1 0.01F 18.1489V R5
18.1489V
+ - 2Ω
V10 C5
V9 1.00F
18.1489V
S3 S4
R3 R4

+ - 2Ω + - 2Ω
V6 C3 V8 C4
V5 0.05F V7 0.50F
18.1489V 18.1489V

Figure 16: The simulated RC circuit

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 LEGEND
Circuit 1
Circuit 2
Circuit 3
Circuit 4
Circuit 5

Figure 17: The interface of the oscilloscope

Table 01. The table of the calculated time values and RC values
Time when 90%
Resistor value Capacitor value RC / s
voltage
2Ω 0.01 F 0.047 s 0.02
2Ω 0.05 F 0.224 s 0.10
2Ω 0.10 F 0.458 s 0.20
2Ω 0.50 F 2.300 s 1.00
2Ω 1.00 F 4.650 s 2.00

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 RC vs Rise Time
5
4.5
4
Time when 90% voltage /s

3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Time constant (RC) /s

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Laboratory Exercise 3.4: Studying the steady state behavior of RLC circuits under sinusoidal
excitation
i. Build the circuit shown in Fig. Ex. 3.4.1 with the following parameters.
𝑅𝑠 = 12 Ω, 𝑅𝐿 = 72 Ω, 𝑅𝐹 = 60 Ω, 𝐶 = 0.02 mF, 𝐿 = 0.2252 H
𝑣𝑠 (𝑡) = 𝑉1 cos(150𝜋𝑡) + 𝑉2 cos(600𝜋𝑡) (V1=V2=8.1489V)

XSC1

A B C D

Rs 12Ω
L
C
V2 8.1489Vpk
0.02mF 0.2252 H
300Hz
90°
RL
v1
72Ω
V1 8.1489Vpk
RF
75Hz
90° 60Ω

Figure 18: The simulated circuit diagram for RLC circuit

ii. Simulate the circuit and observe the steady state voltages
a) produced by the source
b) 75 Hz component produced by the source
c) across 𝑅𝐿 and
d) across 𝑅𝐹

using four-channel oscilloscope.

LEGEND
a)
b)
c)
d)

Figure 19: The waveforms of the steady state voltages

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iii. Now change the value of 𝐶 to 0.2 mF.
a) Observe the same voltages as in part ii.
b) Explain the reason for the changes in your report.
c) Suggest parameters if you would want to eliminate 300 Hz component in the
voltage across 𝑅𝐹 .

XSC1

A B C D

Rs 12Ω
L
C
V2 8.1489Vpk
0.2mF 0.2252 H
300Hz
90°
RL
v1
72Ω
V1 8.1489Vpk
RF
75Hz
90° 60Ω

Figure 20: The simulated RLC circuit after changing 𝐶 = 0.2 mF

LEGEND
a)
b)
c)
d)

Figure 21: The waveforms of the steady state voltages after changing 𝐶 = 0.2 mF

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According to the Notch Filter method,
We can calculate the Required inductor in order to eliminate the 300 Hz component of the mixed circle
using the following equation,
1
𝑓𝑜 =
2𝜋√𝐿𝐶
𝑓𝑜 − 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 (𝐻𝑧)
𝐿 − 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝐻)
𝐶 − 𝐶𝑎𝑝𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (𝐹)
According to the equation
To eliminate 300 Hz when using a 0.02mF we need a,
𝐿 = 14.07 𝑚𝐻
To eliminate 300 Hz when using a 0.2mF we need a,
𝐿 = 1.407 𝑚𝐻
To eliminate 300 Hz to a high precision we can use the quality Factor Equation

1 𝐿
𝑄= √
𝑅 𝐶

𝑄 − 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
𝑅 − 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 (Ω)
When using C =0.02 mF and 𝐿 = 14.07 𝑚𝐻,
𝑄 = 0.4421
When using 𝐶 = 0.2 𝑚𝐹 and 𝐿 = 1.407 𝑚𝐻,
𝑄 = 0.0195
Thus, when using a lower capacitor value and higher inductor value you can get a quality filtered
signal with 300 Hz Eliminated.

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Figure 22: The waveform across RF after 300 Hz has been eliminated (Noise Present, Quality LOW)

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