Index

Sr. No. Contents Page No.

Annexure I– Micro Project Proposal 1-3

1.Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 1

2. Course Outcome Addressed 1

1 3.Proposed Methodology 1

4. Action Plan 2

5. Resources Required 2

6. Name of Team Members with Roll No.’s 3

Annexure II – Micro Project Report 4-7

1.Rationale 4

2.Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project 4-5

3.Course Outcome Achieved 5

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4. Literature Review 5

5.Actual Methodology Followed 6

6.Actual Resources Used 6

8. Skill developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project 7

9. Applications of this Micro-Project 7

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 Annexure I

Micro Project Proposal

Components of Operating System

1. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

To understand the fundamental components of an operating system, including
their structure, functionality, and the role they play in managing system
resources, enabling user interactions, and ensuring smooth execution of
applications. This study aims to analyze key components such as the kernel,
process management, memory management, file systems, device management,
and user interface, gaining insights into how they contribute to the stability,
efficiency, and security of modern operating systems.

2. Course Outcome Addressed:

Describe the function and importance of each component in managing system
resources and supporting application execution.
3. Proposed Methodology:
1. Study and Research : Review key materials on operating system components,
including the kernel, process management, memory management, file systems, and
device management.

2. Component Breakdown: Analyze each component's function and role within the
operating system.

3. Hands-On Practice: Use a virtual machine or simulator to observe OS components

in action, such as process and memory management.

4. Compare Different OS: Briefly compare how various operating systems (e.g.,
Windows, Linux) manage core components.

5. Document Findings: Summarize insights and key takeaways on the role of each
component and their interactions within the OS.

This approach balances theoretical understanding with simple, practical exploration.

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4. Action Plan:

Sr. Planned Planned Name of Responsible

Details of Activity
No. Start date Finish date Team Members
1 Search the topic 09/01/24 15/01/24
1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
2 Collect the information 17/01/24 23/01/24
1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
3 Analysis of information 24/01/24 31/01/24
and instruction 1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM Suryawanshi Krushna
4 Write the source code of 05/02/24 13/02/24 Dattatray
project 1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
5 Get the snapshot of 14/02/24 20/02/24
project 1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
6 Making index and 21/02/24 27/02/24
certificate of the project 1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
7 Finalizing project with its 06/03/14 13/03/24
report 1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM
8 Presentation and Feedback 18/03/24 27/03/24
1:00-3:00 PM 1:00-3:00 PM

5. Resources Required:
Sr.
No Name of resource / material Specification Quantity Remarks
.
1 Computer WINDOWS 10, 2GB 1 ok
RAM, 160GB HDD
2 Operating System WINDOWS 10 1 ok
4 Browser Google Chrome 1 ok

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6. Name of Team Members with Roll No.’s:
Sr.
Enrollment No. Name of Team Member Roll No.
No.
1. 2210950210 Suryawanshi Krushna Dattatray 29

Mr. Chavan A Y

Name and Signature of the Teacher

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 Annexure – II

Micro-Project Report

CPU Scheduling Algorithms

1. Rationale:

Understanding the components of an operating system is essential because the OS acts

as the backbone of any computing device, managing resources, executing
applications, and enabling user interaction with hardware. By studying these
components individually—such as the kernel, process management, and memory
management—learners gain insight into how each part contributes to the system’s
overall stability, efficiency, and security.

This topic is also relevant as it builds foundational knowledge that can be applied
across various operating systems, helping learners appreciate the differences and
similarities between systems like Windows, Linux, and macOS. With this knowledge,
they can better troubleshoot issues, optimize performance, and understand how
different OS designs impact user experience and application behavior.
2. Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:
-The aim of studying operating system components is to provide learners with a
deep understanding of the OS structure, equipping them with practical skills for
troubleshooting and optimizing systems, which benefits them by enhancing their
technical expertise in system management.
-By analyzing each component—like the kernel, process management, and memory
management—students not only learn how these elements support system stability
and efficiency but also benefit from developing versatile knowledge that is applicable
across various operating systems, preparing them for technical careers. ----
Additionally, comparing different OS designs allows learners to critically evaluate
system performance and user experience, benefiting their analytical skills and
adaptability in IT fields.

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3. Course Outcomes Achieved:

 Describe the function and importance of each component in managing

system resources and supporting application execution.

4. Literature Review:

An Operating system is an interface between users and the hardware of a computer

system. It is a system software that is viewed as an organized collection of software
consisting of procedures and functions, providing an environment for the execution of
programs. The operating system manages resources of system software and computer
hardware resources. It allows computing resources to be used in an efficient way.
Programs interact with computer hardware with the help of operating system. A user
can interact with the operating system by making system calls or using OS
commands.

Important Components of the Operating System:

 Process management

 Files management

 Command Interpreter

 System calls

 Signals

 Network management

 Security management

 I/O device management

 Secondary storage management

 Main memory management

An operating system (OS) is a complex piece of software that serves as an

intermediary between users and the computer hardware. Here are eight key
components of an operating system, along with brief descriptions of each:

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Certainly! Here’s a brief overview of each of the components you've listed that are
crucial for the functioning of an operating system:

1. **Process Management**:

- This component handles the creation, scheduling, and termination of processes. It

keeps track of process states (running, waiting, etc.), allocates CPU time, and
manages the execution of processes to ensure efficient multitasking and
responsiveness.

2. **Files Management**:

- File management involves handling the storage, retrieval, organization, naming,

sharing, and protection of files on a storage device. It allows users and applications to
create, modify, delete, and access files, organizing them in directories for easy
navigation.

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3. **Command Interpreter**:

- Also known as the shell, the command interpreter processes user commands
entered via a command-line interface or through scripts. It interprets commands,
interacts with the operating system, and executes programs or system calls based on
user input.

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4. **System Calls**:

- System calls provide the means for programs to request services from the
operating system. They serve as an interface between user applications and the OS,
enabling operations like file manipulation, process control, and communication.

5. **Signals**:

- Signals are a limited form of inter-process communication (IPC) used to notify a

process that a specific event has occurred. They can be used for managing
asynchronous events, handling exceptions, or controlling the execution of processes
(e.g., stopping or resuming).

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6. **Network Management**:

- This component oversees the configuration and operation of network resources,

facilitating communication between devices over a network. It handles protocols,
network connections, and data transfer, allowing applications to access remote
resources.

7. **Security Management**:

- Security management involves implementing measures to protect the system from

unauthorized access and threats. This includes user authentication, access control
mechanisms, encryption, and monitoring for security breaches to ensure data integrity
and confidentiality.

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8. **I/O Device Management**:

- This component manages the input and output devices of a computer, ensuring
efficient data transfer between devices and the CPU. It includes device drivers,
buffering, and spooling to optimize performance and facilitate communication with
peripheral devices.

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9. **Secondary Storage Management**:

- Secondary storage management deals with the organization and access of data
stored on non-volatile storage devices, such as hard drives and SSDs. It handles tasks
such as data retrieval, storage allocation, and maintaining file systems to ensure
efficient and reliable data access.

10. **Main Memory Management**:

- Main memory management involves the allocation and de-allocation of memory

for processes during their execution. It tracks memory usage, manages paging and
segmentation, and ensures that processes have sufficient memory to operate while
preventing memory leaks and fragmentation.

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These components are essential for the operation of an operating system, working
together to provide a stable and efficient computing environment.

Each of these components plays a critical role in the overall functionality of an

operating system, ensuring that hardware resources are effectively managed and that
users can interact with the system in a meaningful way.

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Here's a simplified diagram illustrating the main components of an operating system,
showing how the kernel connects with other essential parts like process
management, memory management, file system, device management, I/O system
management, user interface, and security & access control. Each component is
represented with a small icon for clarity. Let me know if you'd like any further
details.

5.Actual Methodology Followed:

1. Abstraction of Hardware Resource : The OS hides hardware complexity and

provides a simplified interface for applications. This allows software to run on
different hardware without modification.

2. Resource Management and Allocation: The OS allocates resources like CPU,

memory, and storage to processes efficiently. It ensures optimal performance and
avoids resource conflicts.

3. Concurrency and Multitasking: The OS enables processes to run concurrently

through time-sharing and synchronization. This ensures efficient multitasking and
safe resource sharing.

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 4. Security and Isolation : The OS enforces security via authentication, access
control, and process isolation. It protects data and ensures that processes don’t
interfere with each other.

6. Actual Resources Used:

Sr. Name of resource /

Specification Quantity Remarks
No. material

1 Computer WINDOWS 10,2GB 1 ok

RAM, 160GB HDD
2 Operating System WINDOWS 10 1 ok

4 Browser Google Chrome 1 ok

7.Skill developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project:

1. Problem Solving and Troubleshooting : Analyzing and resolving issues

related to system performance, hardware, software conflicts, and security
problems.
2. System Design and Architecture: Understanding how to design and build
complex systems, including managing resources, scheduling tasks, and
ensuring efficient operation.
3. Resource Management : Managing system resources (CPU, memory, disk
space) efficiently to ensure optimal performance and stability.
4. Security Practices: Implementing security mechanisms to protect data and
resources from unauthorized access or malicious attacks.

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8. Applications of this Micro-Project:

 Personal Computers (PCs) and Laptops : Operating systems like

Windows, macOS, and Linux are used in personal computers to provide
an interface for users, manage hardware resources, and support
applications.
 Mobile Devices: Mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS
manage the hardware of smartphones, tablets, and smartwatches,
providing a user interface, app management, and connectivity features.
 Embedded System : Embedded operating systems are used in specialized
devices such as smart appliances, medical devices, automotive systems,
and IoT devices to manage limited resources and ensure efficient
operation.

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