0010

10011000

and
Subnetting
Workbook
Version 1.5

11111110
10010101
00011011
10000110
11010011
Student Name:

Eugene Carl C. Dela Cruz

 IP Address Classes
Class A 1 – 127 (Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing)
Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Network . Host . Host . Host

Class B 128 – 191 Leading bit pattern 10 10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Host . Host

Class C 192 – 223 Leading bit pattern 110 11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000

Network . Network . Network . Host

Class D 224 – 239 (Reserved for multicast)

Class E 240 – 255 (Reserved for experimental, used for research)

Private Address Space

Class A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

Default Subnet Masks

Class A 255.0.0.0

Class B 255.255.0.0

Class C 255.255.255.0

Produced by: Robb Jones

[email protected]
Frederick County Career & Technology Center
Cisco Networking Academy
Frederick County Public Schools
Frederick, Maryland, USA
Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch
for taking the time to check this workbook for errors,
and to everyone who has sent in suggestions to improve the series.

Workbooks included in the series:

IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbooks

ACLs - Access Lists Workbooks
VLSM Variable-Length Subnet Mask IWorkbooks

Inside Cover
 Binary To Decimal Conversion
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 Answers Scratch Area
128 64
1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 146 16 32
2 16
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119 146 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 255 2
1
1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 197 119

1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 246

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 19

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 129

0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 49

0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 124
1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 240
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 59
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 7

00011011 27

10101010 170

0 11 0 1111 111

11111 0 0 0 248

00100000 32

01010101 93

0 0 11111 0 62

00000011 3

11101101 237
11000000 192
1
 Decimal To Binary Conversion
Use all 8 bits for each problem
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255 Scratch Area
1 1 1 0
_________________________________________
1 1 1 238 238 34
0
-128 -32
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 34 110 2
-64 -2
0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 123 46 0
-32
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 50 14
-8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
_________________________________________ 255 6
-4
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 200 2
-2
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 10 0

1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 138

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
_________________________________________ 1

0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1
_________________________________________ 13

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 250

0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 107

1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 224

0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 114

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
_________________________________________ 192

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
_________________________________________ 172
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 100
_________________________________________
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 119
_________________________________________
0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
_________________________________________ 57

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 98

1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
_________________________________________ 179

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
_________________________________________ 2
2
 Address Class Identification
Address Class
10.250.1.1 A
_____
150.10.15.0 B
_____
192.14.2.0
_____
148.17.9.1
_____
193.42.1.1
_____
126.8.156.0
_____
220.200.23.1
_____
230.230.45.58
_____
177.100.18.4
_____
119.18.45.0
_____
249.240.80.78
_____
199.155.77.56
_____
117.89.56.45
_____
215.45.45.0
_____
199.200.15.0
_____
95.0.21.90
_____
33.0.0.0
_____
158.98.80.0
_____
219.21.56.0
_____
3
 Network & Host Identification
Circle the network portion Circle the host portion of
of these addresses: these addresses:

177.100.18.4 10.15.123.50

119.18.45.0 171.2.199.31

209.240.80.78 198.125.87.177

199.155.77.56 223.250.200.222

117.89.56.45 17.45.222.45

215.45.45.0 126.201.54.231

192.200.15.0 191.41.35.112

95.0.21.90 33.0.0.0 155.25.169.227

158.98.80.0 192.15.155.2

217.21.56.0 123.102.45.254

10.250.1.1 148.17.9.155

150.10.15.0 100.25.1.1

192.14.2.0 195.0.21.98

148.17.9.1 25.250.135.46

193.42.1.1 171.102.77.77

126.8.156.0 55.250.5.5

220.200.23.1 218.155.230.14

10.250.1.1

4
 Network Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the network address:

188 . 10 . 0 . 0
188.10.18.2 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.48.80
10 . 10 . 48 . 0
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
192.149.24.191
255.255.255.0
150.203.23.19 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.10.10
255.0.0.0 _____________________________
186.13.23.110
255.255.255.0
223.69.230.250 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
200.120.135.15
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
27.125.200.151
255.0.0.0
199.20.150.35 _____________________________
255.255.255.0
191.55.165.135
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
28.212.250.254
255.255.0.0
_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

5
 Host Addresses
Using the IP address and subnet mask shown write out the host address:

0 . 0 . 18 . 2
188.10.18.2 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.48.80
0 . 0 . 0 . 80
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
222.49.49.11
255.255.255.0
128.23.230.19 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
10.10.10.10
255.0.0.0 _____________________________
200.113.123.11
255.255.255.0
223.169.23.20 _____________________________
255.255.0.0
203.20.35.215
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
117.15.2.51
255.0.0.0
199.120.15.135 _____________________________
255.255.255.0
191.55.165.135
255.255.255.0 _____________________________
48.21.25.54
255.255.0.0
_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

_____________________________

6
 Default Subnet Masks
Write the correct default subnet mask for each of the following addresses:

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
177.100.18.4 _____________________________

119.18.45.0 255 . 0 . 0 . 0

191.249.234.191 _____________________________

223.23.223.109 _____________________________

10.10.250.1 _____________________________

126.123.23.1 _____________________________

223.69.230.250 _____________________________

192.12.35.105 _____________________________

77.251.200.51 _____________________________

189.210.50.1 _____________________________

88.45.65.35 _____________________________

128.212.250.254 _____________________________

193.100.77.83 _____________________________

125.125.250.1 _____________________________

1.1.10.50 _____________________________

220.90.130.45 _____________________________

134.125.34.9 _____________________________

95.250.91.99 _____________________________

_____________________________
7
 ANDING With
Default subnet masks
Every IP address must be accompanied by a subnet mask. By now you should be able to look
at an IP address and tell what class it is. Unfortunately your computer doesn’t think that way.
For your computer to determine the network and subnet portion of an IP address it must
“AND” the IP address with the subnet mask.
Default Subnet Masks:

Class A 255.0.0.0
Class B 255.255.0.0
Class C 255.255.255.0

ANDING Equations:
1 AND 1 = 1
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
0 AND 0 = 0

Sample:

What you see...

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 33

What you can figure out in your head...

Address Class: C 192 . 100 . 10 .

Network Portion: 33 192 . 100 . 10 .
Host Portion: 33

In order for you computer to get the same information it must AND the IP address with
the subnet mask in binary.
Network Host

IP Address:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1(192 . 100 . 10 . 33)

Default Subnet Mask:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0(255 . 255 . 255 . 0)
AND:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0(192 . 100 . 10 . 0)

ANDING with the default subnet mask allows your computer to figure out the network
portion of the address.

8
 ANDING With
Custom subnet masks

When you take a single network such as 192.100.10.0 and divide it into five smaller networks
(192.100.10.16, 192.100.10.32, 192.100.10.48, 192.100.10.64, 192.100.10.80) the outside
world still sees the network as 192.100.10.0, but the internal computers and routers see five
smaller subnetworks. Each independent of the other. This can only be accomplished by using
a custom subnet mask. A custom subnet mask borrows bits from the host portion of the
address to create a subnetwork address between the network and host portions of an IP
address. In this example each range has 14 usable addresses in it. The computer must still
AND the IP address against the custom subnet mask to see what the network portion is and
which subnetwork it belongs to.

IP Address: 192 . 100 . 10 . 0

Custom Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.240

Address Ranges: 192.10.10.0 to 192.100.10.15 192.100.10.16 to 192.100.10.31

192.100.10.32 to 192.100.10.47 (Range in the sample below)
192.100.10.48 to 192.100.10.63 192.100.10.64 to 192.100.10.79
192.100.10.80 to 192.100.10.95 192.100.10.96 to
192.100.10.111 192.100.10.112 to 192.100.10.127
192.100.10.128 to 192.100.10.143 192.100.10.144 to
192.100.10.159 192.100.10.160 to 192.100.10.175
192.100.10.176 to 192.100.10.191 192.100.10.192 to
192.100.10.207 192.100.10.208 to 192.100.10.223
192.100.10.224 to 192.100.10.239 192.100.10.240 to
192.100.10.255

Sub
Network Network Host
IP Address:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
(192 . 100 . 10 . 33)

Custom Subnet Mask:1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0(255 . 255 . 255 . 240)

AND:1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0(192 . 100 . 10 . 32)

Four bits borrowed from the host

portion of the address for the
custom subnet mask.

The ANDING process of the four borrowed bits

shows which range of IP addresses this
particular address will fall into.

In the next set of problems you will determine the necessary information to determine the
correct subnet mask for a variety of IP addresses.
9
 How to determine the number of subnets and the
number of hosts per subnet
Two formulas can provide this basic information:

Number of subnets = 2 s (Second subnet formula: Number of subnets = 2s - 2)

Number of hosts per subnet = 2 h - 2

Both formulas calculate the number of hosts or subnets based on the number of binary bits
used. For example if you borrow three bits from the host portion of the address use the number
of subnets formula to determine the total number of subnets gained by borrowing the three bits.
This would be 2 3 or 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 subnets
To determine the number of hosts per subnet you would take the number of binary bits used in
the host portion and apply this to the number of hosts per subnet formula If five bits are in the
host portion of the address this would be 2 5 or 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 32 hosts.

When dealing with the number of hosts per subnet you have to subtract two addresses from
the range. The first address in every range is the subnet number. The last address in every
range is the broadcast address. These two addresses cannot be assigned to any device in
the network which is why you have to subtract two addresses to find the number of usable
addresses in each range.

For example if two bits are borrowed for the network portion of the address you can easily
determine the number of subnets and hosts per subnets using the two formulas.

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

The number of subnets The number of hosts created by

created by borrowing 2 leaving 6 bits is 26 - 2 or
bits is 2 2 or 2 x 2 = 4 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 = 64 - 2 = 62
subnets. usable hosts per subnet.

What about that second subnet formula:

Number of subnets = 2 s - 2

In some instances the first and last subnet range of addresses are reserved. This is similar to
the first and last host addresses in each range of addreses.
The first range of addresses is the zero subnet. The subnet number for the zero subnet is
also the subnet number for the classful subnet address.
The last range of addresses is the broadcast subnet. The broadcast address for the last
subnet in the broadcast subnet is the same as the classful broadcast address.
10
Class C Address unsubnetted:

195. 223 . 50 . 0

195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.255
Notice that the subnet and
Class C Address subnetted (2 bits borrowed): broadcast addresses match.

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(Invalid range)(0) 195.223.50.0 to 195.223.50.63

(1) 195.223.50.64 to 195.223.50.127
(2) 195.223.50.128 to 195.223.50.191
(Invalid range)(3) 195.223.50.192to 195.223.50.255

The primary reason the the zero and broadcast subnets were not used had to do pirmarily with
the broadcast addresses. If you send a broadcast to 195.223.255 are you sending it to all 255
addresses in the classful C address or just the 62 usable addresses in the broadcast range? The
CCNA and CCENT certification exams may have questions which will require you to determine
which formula to use, and whehter or not you can use the first and last subnets. Use the chart
below to help decide.

When to use which formula to determine the number of subnets

Use the 2s - 2 formula and don’t use the Use the 2s formula and use the zero and
zero and broadcast ranges if... broadcast ranges if...
Classful routing is used Classless routing or VLSM is used
RIP version 1 is used RIP version 2, EIGRP, or OSPF is used
The no ip subnet zero command is The ip subnet zero command is
configured on your router configured on your router (default setting)
No other clues are given

Bottom line for the CCNA exams; if a question does not give you any clues as to whether or not
to allow these two subnets, assume you can use them.
This workbook has you use the number of subnets = 2s formula.

11
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 1
Number of needed subnets14
Number of needed usable hosts14
Network Address192.10.10.0
C
Address class__________

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask_______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 240

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

16
Total number of subnets___________________

16
Total number of host addresses___________________

14
Number of usable addresses___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

192 . 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

128
16 Observe the total number of
Add the binary value
ine to 64 -2 hosts.
numbers to the left of the l
create the custom subnet mask. 32 14
Subtract 2 for the number of
usable hosts.
+16
240

12
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 2
Number of needed subnets1000
Number of needed usable hosts60
Network Address165.100.0.0
B
Address class__________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask_______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets___________________

64
Total number of host addresses___________________

62
Number of usable addresses___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed___________________
512
1,0

Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

24
2,0

65, 32,76 16,3

48
4,0

536
96
8,1

Number of
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
8
Hosts-
92
16,

8,1
384

92

84
32,

Number of
8 1 6 3 2 6 4 1 2 8 2 5 6.
4,0 2048 102

Subnets - 2 4
768
65,

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

96
536

165 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
512

64
4

32 +64 64Observe the total number of

Add the bn iary value
11962 hosts.
-2Subtract 2 for the number of
numbers to the left of the line to 8
4 62usable hosts.
create the custom subnet mask.
2
+1
255
13
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 3 /26 indicates the total number of
bits used for the network and
Network Address148.75.0.0 /26 subnetwork portion of the
address. All bits remaining belong
to the host portion of the address.
Address class_____B_____

Default subnet mask_____2_5__5__ ._ _2_5__5_ _._ 0__ _. _0_________

Custom subnet mask_____2_5__5__ ._ _2_5__5_ _._ _2_5__5_ _._ 1__9_2

Total number of subnets_____ _ _1_,0__2_4________

Total number of host addresses_________6_4_________

Number of usable addresses_________6_2_________

Number of bits borrowed_________1_0_________

512
1,0
24
2,0

Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

65, 32,76 16,3

48
4,0

536
96
8,1

Number of
Hosts- . 256 128 64 32 16 8 8 4 2
92
16,

8,1
384

92

84
32,

Number of
8 1 6 3 2 6 4 1 2 8 2 5 6.
4,0 2048 102

Subnets - 2 4
768
65,

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

96
536

148 . 75 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
128 128
512

64
4

32 +64 64Observe the total number of

A dd the binary value
11962 hosts.
-2Subtract 2 for the number of
numbers to the left of the line to 8
4 62usable hosts.
create the custom subnet mask.
2
+1 1024Subtract 2 for the total number of
255 -2subnets to get the usable number of
1,022 subnets.

14
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 4
Number of needed subnets6
Number of needed usable hosts30
Network Address210.100.56.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

210 . 100 . 56 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

15
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 5
Number of needed subnets6
Number of needed usable hosts30
Network Address195.85.8.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195 . 85 . 8 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

16
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 6
Number of needed subnets126
Number of needed usable hosts131,070
Network Address118.0.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

4,1
94,
2,0
304
Number of bits borrowed___________________
97,
1,0
1
48,
52
524
576

Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

,28
262
8
,14 072
131
4
,
512

65, 32,76 16,

1,0

536
24
2,0
48

8
4,0

8,1

Number of
384
96

Hosts . 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2

-
92
8,1

4,0
92
16,

96
384

2,0

Number of
32,

Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 . .

48
768

1,0 512
65,

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

24
536

118. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
131
,07
262

2
,14
524
4
,28
1,0

8
4 8
2,0
,57
97,
6
4,1
152
94,
304

17
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 7
Number of needed subnets2000
Number of needed usable hosts15
Network Address178.100.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

512
1,0

Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

24
2,0

65, 32,76 16,3

48
4,0

536
96
8,1

Number of
8

. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
92

Hosts-
16,

8,1
384

92

84
32,

Number of
8 1 6 3 2 6 4 1 2 8 2 5 6.
4,0 2048 102

Subnets - 2 4
768
65,

Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 . 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

96
536

178 . 100 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
512

18
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 8
Number of needed subnets3
Number of needed usable hosts45
Network Address200.175.14.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

19
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 9
Number of needed subnets60
Number of needed usable hosts1,000
Network Address128.77.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

20
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 10
Number of needed usable hosts60
Network Address198.100.10.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

21
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 11
Number of needed subnets250
Network Address101.0.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

22
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 12
Number of needed subnets5
Network Address218.35.50.0
Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

23
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 13
Number of needed usable hosts25
Network Address218.35.50.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

24
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 14
Number of needed subnets10
Network Address172.59.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

25
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 15
Number of needed usable hosts50
Network Address172.59.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

26
 Custom Subnet Masks
Problem 16
Number of needed usable hosts29
Network Address23.0.0.0

Address class_______

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

Show your work for Problem 16 in the space below.

27
 Subnetting
Problem 1
Number of needed subnets14
Number of needed usable hosts14
Network Address192.10.10.0
C
Address class__________

255 . 255 . 255 . 0

Default subnet mask_______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 240

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

16
Total number of subnets___________________

16
Total number of host addresses___________________

14
Number of usable addresses___________________

4
Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 4th

192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

192 . 10 . 10 . 112
for the 8th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
192 . 10 . 10 . 207
the 13th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
192.10.10.129 to 192.10.10.142
subnet?______________________________________

28
 Show your work for Problem 1 in the space below.

Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values
192. 10 . 10 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(0) 0 0 0 0 192.10.10.0 to 192.10.10.15

(1) 0 0 0 1 192.10.10.16 to 192.10.10.31
(2) 0 0 1 0 192.10.10.32 to 192.10.10.47
(3) 0 0 1 1 192.10.10.48 to 192.10.10.63
(4) 0 1 0 0 192.10.10.64 to 192.10.10.79
(5) 0 1 0 1 192.10.10.80 to 192.10.10.95
(6) 0 1 1 0 192.10.10.96 to 192.10.10.111
(7) 0 1 1 1 192.10.10.112 to 192.10.10.127
(8) 1 0 0 0 192.10.10.128 to 192.10.10.143
(9) 1 0 0 1 192.10.10.144 to 192.10.10.159
(10) 1 0 1 0 192.10.10.160 to 192.10.10.175
(11) 1 0 1 1 192.10.10.176 to 192.10.10.191
(12) 1 1 0 0 192.10.10.192 to 192.10.10.207
(13) 1 1 0 1 192.10.10.208 to 192.10.10.223
(14) 1 1 1 0 192.10.10.224 to 192.10.10.239
(15) 1 1 1 1 192.10.10.240 to 192.10.10.255
128
64
32
+16
16 16
-2 -2
mask 240
Custom subnet Usable subnets
14
Usable hosts
14

The binary value of the last bit borrowed is the range. In this
problem the range is 16.
The first address in each subnet range is the subnet number.
The last address in each subnet range is the subnet broadcast
address.

29
 Subnetting
Problem 2
Number of needed subnets1000
Number of needed usable hosts60
Network Address165.100.0.0
B
Address class__________

255 . 255 . 0 . 0
Default subnet mask_______________________________

255 . 255 . 255 . 192

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

1,024
Total number of subnets___________________

64
Total number of host addresses___________________

62
Number of usable addresses___________________

10
Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 15th

165.100.3.128 to 165.100.3.191
subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

165 . 100 . 1 . 64
for the 6th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
165 . 100 . 1 . 127
the 6th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
165.100.2.1 to 165.100.0.62
subnet?______________________________________

30
 65,
32,
16,

536
768
8,1
4,0

384
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2,0

92
96
1,0
The first address in each subnet range is the

48
24
512
Number of 255the range. In this problem the range is 64.
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Hosts - subnet broadcast address.(13)

+64(7)subnet
1 9 2mask

102

512
4
204
1 6232

4,0
B i n a r y v a l u e s - 1 2 8 6 4 3 2 1 6 8 4 2 1 . . . . . 1 2 8 6 4 3 2 1 6 8 4 2(3)hosts

8
8,1
16,

96
32,
65,

92
2 816

384
768
536
(12) (8) (2)
111116666655555 ..... 111110000000000 ..... 00000 00000 0

The 165.100.3.63The
5.100.3.0tovalue last address in each subnet range is the
1 0 .binary
11165.10 of0the
. 2 last
. 1 9bit
2 tborrowed
o 1 6 5 . 1is(9)10.01165.100.2.64to
0 0 . 0 . 2 5 5 s u b n e t n u165.100.0.127
mber.

1 2 8 ( 6U
) 1s .a1b0l 1
e -6256. 1
4010
1 .116. 5
1 .2180t 0
o.1
06. 159. 1
20t o0 .116. 5
1 .9110C0u. s0t. o2m
55
6412810165.100.0.128to 165.100.0.191
+110.00165.100.2.0to 165.100.0.63
.4
( 1 4 ) 1 1 . 1 0(11605) 1101
0. .1 .1
010 416)2518.. 1
.6
31((1 0 00 01
1.(.26
601.5 .01
1910
0260 10 5o. 0
6t90 11.06005t .o
. 11 .1026055. 51. 1. 6030 . 0 . 6 3
55 ) 1. 1. t00o101 6 5
5).1...121 80 t0
0to5...o1
1
3.11...60
6 54.t11o0106. 05 .. 11 90 10 . 1 . 1 2 7
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

( 1 5 ) 1 1 . 1 1 1 6 5 . 1 0 0 . 3 . 1 9 2 t o 1( 61 5) 1. 110605..31.0205.50 . 6 4 t o 1 6 5 . 1 0 0 . 0 . 1 2 7
11.01165.100.3.64to 165.100.3.127

Down to
(1022)
( 1 0 2 31 1 11 .11. 11 0
) 11 11 11 11 11 1 1 61
56. 150. 1
00. 205. 2
55. 159. 1
2 2t8o t1o6 1
56. 150. 1
00. 205. 2
55. 255. 1
59 1

31
 Subnetting
Problem 3
Number of needed subnets2
Network Address195.223.50.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 3rd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1st subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet?______________________________________

32
 Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.
Number of
256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 - Hosts
Number of
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 - Binary values

195. 223 . 50 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

33
 Subnetting
Problem 4
Number of needed subnets750
Network Address190.35.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 13th subnet?
What is the subnet ________________________
broadcast address for
the 10th subnet?
What are the assignable
addresses for the 6th ________________________
subnet?

______________________________________

34
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

35
 Subnetting
Problem 5
Number of needed usable hosts6
Network Address126.0.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet?______________________________________

36
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

37
 Subnetting
Problem 6
Number of needed subnets10
Network Address192.70.10.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 9th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 12th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 10th
subnet?______________________________________

38
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

39
 Subnetting
Problem 7
Network Address10.0.0.0 /16

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 11th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 6th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 9th
subnet?______________________________________

40
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

41
 Subnetting
Problem 8
Number of needed subnets5
Network Address172.50.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 4th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 6th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet?______________________________________

42
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

43
 Subnetting

Problem 9
Number of needed usable hosts28
Network Address172.50.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 10th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet broadcast

address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet?______________________________________

44
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

45
 Subnetting
Problem 10
Number of needed subnets45
Network Address220.100.100.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 5th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 4th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 13th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet?______________________________________

46
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

47
 Subnetting
Problem 11
Number of needed usable hosts8,000
Network Address135.70.0.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 6th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 7th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 3rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 5th
subnet?______________________________________

48
Show your work for Problem 11 in the space below.

49
 Subnetting
Problem 12
Number of needed usable hosts45
Network Address198.125.50.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 2nd

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 2nd subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 3rd
subnet?______________________________________

50
Show your work for Problem 12 in the space below.

51
 Subnetting
Problem 13
Network Address165.200.0.0 /26

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 10th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 11th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 1023rd subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 1022nd
subnet?______________________________________

52
Show your work for Problem 13 in the space below.

53
 Subnetting
Problem 14
Number of needed usable hosts16
Network Address200.10.10.0

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 7th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 5th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 4th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 6th
subnet?______________________________________

54
Show your work for Problem 14 in the space below.

55
 Subnetting
Problem 15
Network Address93.0.0.0 \19

Address class__________

Default subnet mask_______________________________

Custom subnet mask_______________________________

Total number of subnets___________________

Total number of host addresses___________________

Number of usable addresses___________________

Number of bits borrowed___________________

What is the 15th

subnet range? _______________________________________________

What is the subnet number

for the 9th subnet? ________________________

What is the subnet

broadcast address for
the 7th subnet? ________________________

What are the assignable

addresses for the 12th
subnet?______________________________________

56
Show your work for Problem 15 in the space below.

57
 Practical Subnetting 1
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 100%
growth in both areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 172.16.0.0
F0/0
Router A S0/0/0 S0/0/1 F0/1
Router B
F0/0

Marketing Management
24 Hosts Reasearch 15 Hosts
60 Hosts

B
Address class_____________________________
255.255.224.0
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
4
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
4
Extra subnets required for 100% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

8
Total number of subnets needed_=________
Number of host addresses 60
in the largest subnet group _________
Number of addresses needed for
60
100% growth in the largest
(Round up to the next whole number)
subnet_+________
Total number of address 120
needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255
IP address range for Research_____________________________
172.16.32.0 to 172.63.255
IP address range for Marketing_____________________________
172.16.64.0 to 172.95.255
IP address range for Management_____________________________
IP address range for Router A
172.16.96.0 to 172.127.255
to Router B serial connection_____________________________
58
 65,
32,
16,

536
768
8,1
4,0

384
S u b n e t s - 2 4 8 1 6 3 2 6 4 1 2 8 (205)6 .

2,0

92
96
1,0
(3) (1)

48
24
(2)

512
Number of
( 7 () 61() 5
1 ) 1 0 (14 ) 1 0. 205 6 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Hosts -

1
11

102

512
1 00

4
204
Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 .....128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

4,0
16,

8
8,1
96
32,
65,

92
384
111117777722222 ..... 1111166666 ..... 00000 00000 00000 00000 00000
768
536

172
1 .71
127
6. 2
.12.61
2. 6
4
1 ..91027 0. 1
6.2 06 . 3 2 . 0

172.16.64.0

172.16.96.0
4
172.16.128.0
x1.0
4

t ot1o 7127. 1 6 3 1 .2 5
. 255 5
60 t o t1o7t 1
o
2 7
t.1o
127
6.
1 1
2.
t o 1 7 2 . 1 6 . 2t5o5 17.
262
1
2. 1
.
631
.9
.6
11
2.
5 .22
2.19
5 5 7
1..52 .
.2
655 655
35
. 27525. 1 6 . 9 5 . 2 5 5
x1.0
60
Show your work for Practical Subnetting 1 in the space below.

59
 Practical Subnetting 2
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 30% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions
below.
IP Address 135.126.0.0
S0/0/0
F0/0 Router A S0/0/1
S0/0/1 F0/0
Router B
F0/1

S0/0/0 Tech Ed Lab

20 Hosts
Router C
F0/1
Science Lab
10 Hosts
English Department
15 Hosts
B
Address class_____________________________
255.255.255.224
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
5
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
2
Extra subnets required for 30% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

7
Total number of subnets needed_=________
Number of host addresses 20
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for 6
30% growth in the largest
(Round up to the next whole number)
subnet_+________
Total number of address
26
needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

135.126.0.0 to 135.126.0.31
IP address range for Tech Ed_____________________________
135.126.0.32 to 135.126.0.63
IP address range for English_____________________________
135.126.0.64 to 135.126.0.95
IP address range for Science_____________________________
IP address range for Router A
135.126.0.96 to 135.126.0.127
to Router B serial connection_____________________________
IP address range for Router A
135.126.0.128 to 135.126.0.159
to Router B serial connection_____________________________
60
 65,
32,
16,

536
5

768
8,1
x.3

4,0

384
Subnets - 2 4 8 16 32 64 128 256.

2,0

92
96
1.5

1,0

48
20 (Round up to 2)

24
6x.3

512
Number of
. 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2
Hosts -

102

512
4
204
Binary values -128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 .....128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

4,0
16,

8
8,1
96
32,
65,

92
384
768
536

1 1( 1
1121
) 13 3 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 . . . . . 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 6 6 . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

(13)1 . (6)
( 1 1 ) .
(14)1 . (17 ). 0 1 1
(15)1 . 1 1( 81) 1 . ( 9 ) 1 . 0 0 1
(10)1 . 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0
Show your work for Problem 2 in the space below.

(0).
(.131)5. 1 3 51. 13256. 1. 12.63.21 . 0
1(355()4.11)3
0125
13
06.150
1 .1213 .5
12
61 .1
91.221
.6 . 01 .6102t8o t1o3153. 51 .2162. 60 .. 01 .9115 9
2t.o60 .2
( 2 ) 365. 1 .91.61 2 68 .1.64
(3)11135.126.0.96to135.126.0.127
1131511 1
. 1130 51
23 .1
65 3. 12
5 6
.1
. 22 .1
26 2
4. 0.61 6
t .o2
02 0
. 14t9too21t o3153. 1
52. 162. 06 .2
05 . 252 3
1 0 1 3 5 . 102163. 05 .. 61 42 t6o. 10 3. 05t.o112365. 0. 1. 92 56 . 0 . 3 1
to

61
toto to 1135.126.0.32to135.126.0.63
1 3 5 . 1 2 6 . 1 t. o3 1
135.126.1.63
 Practical Subnetting 3
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a classfull network addressing scheme
that will supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets
and hosts for 25% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.

IP Address 172.16.0.0

F0/0
S0/0/1
F0/0 Sales
Administrative
Router A
185 Hosts
F0/1
Router B
30 Hosts S0/0/0

Marketing
50 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 25% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
25% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Sales_____________________________

IP address range for Marketing_____________________________
IP address range for Administrative_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________

62
Show your work for Problem 3 in the space below.

63
 Practical Subnetting 4
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 70%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 135.126.0.0
F0/0 S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1
S0/0/1 F0/0
Router B

S0/0/0
Router C
F0/0
F0/1
Dallas
150 Hosts New York
Washington D.C. 325 Hosts
220 Hosts
Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 70% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
70% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for New York_____________________________

IP address range for Washington D. C._____________________________
IP address range for Dallas_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router C serial connection_____________________________
64
Show your work for Problem 4 in the space below.

65
 Practical Subnetting 5
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 100% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.

IP Address 210.15.10.0

F0/1
F0/0

Science Room Tech Ed Lab

10 Hosts 18 Hosts

English classroom
15 Hosts Art Classroom
12 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 100% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
100% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router F0/0 Port_____________________________

IP address range for Router F0/1 Port_____________________________

66
Show your work for Problem 5 in the space below.

67
 Practical Subnetting 6
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 20%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 10.0.0.0
S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 Technology
S0/0/1 Building
F0/0 S0/0/0 Router B

F0/1 320 Hosts

S0/0/0 S0/0/1
Art & Drama Router C
Administration
75 Hosts 35 Hosts
F0/0 F0/1

Science Building
225 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 20% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Technology_____________________________

IP address range for Science_____________________________
IP address range for Arts & Drama_____________________________
IP Address range Administration_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________
IP address range for Router A
to Router C serial connection_____________________________
IP address range for Router B
to Router C serial connection_____________________________

68
Show your work for Problem 6 in the space below.

69
 Practical Subnetting 7
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 125% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the
questions below.
IP Address 177.135.0.0
Router A
S0/0/0
S0/0/0 Router B
F0/0
F0/0
F0/1

Administration
Research Deployment
Marketing 33 Hosts Sales 135 Hosts 63 Hosts
75 Hosts 255 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 125% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
125% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router A Port F0/0_____________________________

IP address range for Research_____________________________
IP address range for Deployment_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________

70
Show your work for Problem 7 in the space below.

71
 Practical Subnetting 8
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for 85%
growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 192.168.1.0
F0/0 S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 F0/1
Router B
F0/0

New York
8 Hosts

Boston
5 Hosts
Research & Development
8 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 85% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
85% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Router A F0/0_____________________________

IP address range for New York_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________

72
Show your work for Problem 8 in the space below.

73
 Practical Subnetting 9
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of hosts per subnet, and allow enough extra subnets and
hosts for 15% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions
below.
IP Address 148.55.0.0
S0/0/0
Router A S0/0/1 F0/1
S0/0/1 F0/0
Router B

S0/0/0 Dallas
1500 Hosts
Router C

F0/0
S0/0/1
Router D S0/0/0

Ft. Worth
2300 Hosts Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 15% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
15% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Ft. Worth_____________________________

IP address range for Dallas_____________________________
IP address range for Router A_____________________________

to Router B serial connection

IP address range for Router A_____________________________
to Router C serial connection
IP address range for Router C_____________________________
74 to Router D serial connection
Show your work for Problem 9 in the space below.

75
 Practical Subnetting 10
Based on the information in the graphic shown, design a network addressing scheme that will
supply the minimum number of subnets, and allow enough extra subnets and hosts for
110% growth in all areas. Circle each subnet on the graphic and answer the questions below.

IP Address 172.16.0.0
Marketing
Sales
56 Hosts
115 Hosts

S0/0/0 F0/0
F0/0 Router A
S0/0/1
Router B

F0/1
Management Research
25 Hosts 35 Hosts

Address class_____________________________
Custom subnet mask_____________________________
Minimum number of subnets needed_________
Extra subnets required for 110% growth_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of subnets needed_=________

Number of host addresses
in the largest subnet group_________
Number of addresses needed for
110% growth in the largest subnet_+________
(Round up to the next whole number)

Total number of address

needed for the largest subnet_=________
Start with the first subnet and arrange your sub-networks from the largest group to the smallest.

IP address range for Sales/Managemnt_____________________________

IP address range for Marketing_____________________________
IP address range for Research_____________________________

IP address range for Router A

to Router B serial connection_____________________________
76
Show your work for Problem 10 in the space below.

77
 Valid and Non-Valid IP Addresses
Using the material in this workbook identify which of the addresses below are correct and
usable. If they are not usable addresses explain why.

IP Address: 0.230.190.192 The network ID cannot be 0.

________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 192.10.10.1 OK
________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 28-29 ________________________________
IP Address: 245.150.190.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0 ________________________________
Reference Page Inside Front Cover
________________________________
IP Address: 135.70.191.255 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.254.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 48-49
________________________________
IP Address: 127.100.100.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages Inside Front Cover ________________________________
IP Address: 93.0.128.1 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0 ________________________________
Reference Pages 56-57 ________________________________
IP Address: 200.10.10.128 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.224 ________________________________
Reference Pages 54-55 ________________________________
IP Address: 165.100.255.189 ________________________________
________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Reference Pages 30-31 ________________________________
IP Address: 190.35.0.10 ________________________________
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.192
Reference Pages 34-35

IP Address: 218.35.50.195
Subnet Mask: 255.255.0.0
Reference Page Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 200.10.10.175 /22

Reference Pages 54-55 and/or Inside Front Cover

IP Address: 135.70.255.255
Subnet Mask: 255.255.224.0
Reference Pages 48-49
78
 IP Address Breakdown
/24 /25 /26 /27 /28 /29 /30
8+8+8 8+8+8+1 8+8+8+2 8+8+8+3 8+8+8+4 8+8+8+5 8+8+8+6
255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
256 Hosts 128 Hosts 64 Hosts 32 Hosts 16 Hosts 8 Hosts 4 Hosts
0-3
0-7
4-7
0-15 8-11
8-15
12-15
16-19
16-23
20-23
16-31 24-27
24-31
28-31
0-63 32-35
32-39
36-39
32-47 40-43
40-47
44-47
48-51
48-55
52-55
48-63 56-59
56-63
60-63
0-127 64-67
64-71
68-71
64-79 72-75
72-79
76-79
80-83
80-87
84-87
80-95 88-91
88-95
92-95
64-127 96-99
96-103
100-103
96-111 104-107
104-111
108-111
112-115
112-119
116-119
112-127 120-123
120-127
124-127
0-255 128-131
128-135
132-135
128-143 136-139
136-143
140-143
144-147
144-151
148-151
152-155
144-159 152-159
156-159
160-163
128-191 16-167
164-167
168-171
160-175 168-175
172-175
176-179
176-183
180-183
184-187
176-191 184-191
188-191
192-195
128-255 192-199
196-199
200-203
192-207 200-207
204-207
208-211
208-215
212-215
216-219
208-223 216-223
220-223
224-227
224-231
192-255 228-231
232-235
232-239
224-239 236-239
240-243
240-247
244-247
248-251
248-255
240-255 252-255

79
 Visualizing Subnets Using
The Box Method

The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of

subnets and addresses into smaller sizes.

Start with a square. The whole square

is a single subnet comprised of 256
addresses.

/24
255.255.255.0
256 Hosts
1 Subnet

Split the box in half and you get two

subnets with 128 addresses,

/25
255.255.255.128
128 Hosts
2 Subnets

Divide the box into quarters and you

get four subnets with 64 addresses,

/26
255.255.255.192
64 Hosts
4 Subnets
80
Split each individual square and you
get eight subnets with 32 addresses,

/27
255.255.255.224
32 Hosts
8 Subnets
Split the boxes in half again and you
get sixteen subnets with sixteen
addresses,

/28
255.255.255.240
16 Hosts
16 Subnets
The next split gives you thirty two
subnets with eight addresses,

/29
255.255.255.248
8 Hosts
32 Subnets
The last split gives sixty four subnets
with four addresses each,

/30
255.255.255.252
4 Hosts
64 Subnets
81
 Class A Addressing Guide
# of Bits Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
______________________________________________________________________________________________
_____/8____________0________________2_5_5_.0_._0_.0_________________1__________1_6_,_7_7_7_,2
_1_6_______1_6_,_7_7_7_,2_1_4____
_____/9____________1_______________2_5_5_.1_2_8__.0_._0_______________2___________8_,3_8_8_,_
6_0_8________8_,3_8_8_,_6_0_6____
_____/1_0____________2________________2_5_5_.1_9_2__.0_._0________________4___________4_,_1_9
_4_,_3_0_4________4_,_1_9_4_,3_0_2_____
____/_1_1___________3_______________2_5_5_._2_2_4_.0_._0_______________8___________2_,_0_9_7_
,_1_5_2_______2_,_0_9_7_,_1_5_0____
____/_1_2___________4_______________2_5_5_.2_4_0__.0_._0______________1_6___________1_,0_4_8_
,_5_7_6________1_,0_4_8_,_5_7_4____
_____/1_3____________5_______________2_5_5_._2_4_8_.0_._0_______________3_2____________5_2_4
_,2_8_8__________5_2_4_,_2_8_6_____
____/_1_4___________6_______________2_5_5_._2_5_2_.0_._0_______________6_4___________2_6_2_,_
1_4_4_________2_6_2_,_1_4_2_____
_____/1_5____________7________________2_5_5_.2_5_4__.0_._0_______________1_2_8___________1_3
_1_,_0_7_2__________1_3_1_,0__7_0_____
_____/1_6____________8________________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._0_.0_______________2_5_6____________6_
5__,5_3_6___________6_5_,_5_3_4______
____/_1_7____________9_____________2__5_5_.2_5_5_._1_2_8_.0______________5_1_2___________3_2
_,_7_6_8___________3_2_,7_6_6______
_____/1_8____________1_0______________2__5_5_.2_5__5_.1_9_2__.0______________1_,0_2__4______
_____1_6_,_3_8_4___________1_6_,_3_8_2______
____/_1_9___________1_1_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_2_4_._0_____________2_,0_4_8___________
8_,_1_9_2___________8_,_1_9_0______
/30 22 255.255.255.252 4,194,304 4 2
_____/2_0____________1_2_____________2__5_5_.2_5_5_._2_4_0_._0_____________4_,_0_9_6________
___4_,_0_9_6____________4_,0_9__4______
Class B Addressing Guide
_____/2_1___________1_3______________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_4_8_.0_____________8_,_1_9_2_________
# of Bits Subnet
__2__,0_4_8____________2_,0__4_6______ Total # of Total # of Usable # of
_____/2_2___________1_4______________2_5_5_.2__5_5_.2_5_2_._0____________1_6_,_3_8_4________
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___1_,0_2_4____________1_,_0_2_2______
___
_____/2_3____________1_5______________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_5_4_._0_____________3_2_,7_6_8______
____/_1_6___________0_______________2_5_5_.2_5_5__.0_._0_______________1____________6_5_,5_3_
_______5_1_2_____________5__1_0_______
6___________6_5_,5_3_4______
_____/2_4____________1_6______________2__5_5_.2_5__5_.2_5_5__.0_____________6_5_,_5_3_6_____
____/_1_7___________1______________2_5_5_.2_5_5_._1_2_8_._0______________2____________3_2_,7_
_______2_5_6______________2_5__4_______
6_8___________3_2_,7_6_6______
_____/2_5____________1_7_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_5_5_._1_2_8___________1_3_1_,_0_7_2__
_____/1_8____________2______________2__5_5_.2_5_5_._1_9_2_._0_______________4_____________1_
__________1_2_8_____________1__2_6_______
_____/2_6____________1_8_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5_5__.1_9_2___________2__6_2_,1_4_4___
6_,3_8_4___________1_6_,_3_8_2______
_________6_4_______________6_2________
____/_1_9___________3______________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_2_4_._0______________8_____________8_,_1_
_____/2_7____________1_9_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_2_4___________5_2_4_,_2_8_8__
9_2___________8_,_1_9_0______
__________3_2_______________3_0________
____/_2_0___________4______________2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_4_0_._0_____________1_6____________4_,_0_
_____/2_8____________2_0_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_5_5_._2_4_0__________1_,_0_4_8_,_5_7_6
9_6___________4_,_0_9_4______
___________1_6_______________1_4________
_____/2_1____________5______________2_5_5_.2__5_5_.2_4_8_._0______________3_2_____________2_,
_____/2_9___________2_1_____________2_5_5_.2_5__5_.2_5_5_._2_4_8__________2_,0__9_7_,1_5_2___
0_4_8____________2_,_0_4_6______
_________8_______________6________
____/_2_2___________6______________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5_2_._0______________6_4____________1_,_0
/30 14 255.255.255.252
_2_4___________1_,_0_2_2______ 16,384 4 2
_____/2_3____________7______________2__5_5_.2_5_5_._2_5_4_._0______________1_2_8____________
Class C Addressing Guide
_5_1_2______________5_1_0_______
_____/2_4____________8_______________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5__5_.0______________2_5_6____________
# of Bits
__2_5_6______________2_5_4_______Subnet Total # of Total # of Usable # of
CIDR Borrowed Mask Subnets Hosts Hosts
____/_2_5____________9____________2_5__5_.2_5_5_._2_5_5_.1_2_8_____________5_1_2____________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___
_1_2_8_____________1_2_6_______
____/_2_4___________0______________2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_5_5_._0______________1_____________2_5_6
_____/2_6____________1_0_____________2_5__5_.2_5_5__.2_5_5_._1_9_2_____________1_,0_2__4____
_____________2_5_4_______
_________6_4_______________6_2________
____/_2_5___________1_____________2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_5_5_.1__2_8_____________2_____________1_2
____/_2_7___________1_1____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_2_4____________2_,0_4_8_________
_8_____________1_2_6_______
___3_2_______________30________
_____/2_6____________2_____________2_5__5_.2_5_5_._2_5_5_._1_9_2______________4_____________
____/_2_8___________1_2____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_4_0____________4_,0_9_6_________
__64_______________6_2________
/30 6 255.255.255.252 64 4 2
___1_6_______________14________
____/_2_7___________3_____________2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_2_4_____________8______________3_
_____/2_9___________1_3_____________2_5_5_.2_5__5_.2_5_5_._2_4_8____________8_,1_9_2________
82
2_______________30________
_____8________________6________
____/_2_8___________4_____________2_5_5_.2_5_5_._2_5_5_.2__4_0____________1_6______________1
_6______________1_4_______
Inside Cover