Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No.

1 – 2020 June

Optimal re-planning of a 30kv distribution network with DG penetration

Based on economic dispatch and optimal load flow

Eng. Abdulkarim .H. Salih Eng Salah Eddin . M Elgdamsi

GECOL GECOL
Email:[email protected] Email:[email protected]

Prof.Dr. Abdalla Idris Fadel

Libyan Academy
Email: [email protected]

Abstract
In this paper an optimal and economic dispatch study will be performed for re-planning a large
section of Libyan Electrical distribution network, that include Electrical power plant ,considering
distribution generation (DG) penetration method instead of a conventional re-planning methods,
such as the expanding and adding methods that needs efforts and time.
The new approaches of electrical distribution system of economic operation and replanning are the
most efficient and interested to the electric power utilities now days.
The availability of high performance software's such as the MATLAB and NIPLAN helps in
redesigning and replanning of electric power system for enhancing performance and solving
system problems.
Libyan electric distribution networks are suffering many problems of voltage limits violation, high
system losses and low system performance.
The optimal power flow (OPF) with economic dispatch (ED) methods will be used to show the
benefits of using DG penetration.
Alzahra 30KV electric system is taken as the case study including AL Zahra power plant, with
different operation cases are considered includes the operation of the network as an isolated grid,
considering DG penetration during peak loads with OPF analyses.
This study shows the great effect of DG pentration with ED and OPF methods for reducing fuel
costs and power losses as well as increasing the power transfer for system transmission, the
reduction of 14.5% of fuel consumption is achieved, and about 70% of total power losses in the
studied network is reduced with an excellent performance of system voltage profile and line
loadings.
Key words: DG, optimal Re-planning, OPF, Economic Dispatch, NIPLAN

I. INTRODUCTION
The optimal power flow (OPF) has had a long history in its development it was first discussed
1950s in literature and then by CARPENTIER in 1962, then it takes a long time to become a
successful algorithm that could be applied in everyday use by the aid of fast computers and
software’s [1]. Current interest in the OPF algorithm around its ability to solve for the optimal
solution that takes account of the security operation of the system. Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is an
optimizing tool of power system operation analyses for scheduling and energy management. Use of

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

the optimal power flow becoming more important because of its capabilities to deal with various
situations of power system operating modes.
This problem involves the optimization of objective functions of Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for
power system models, which are the main functions of Power Generation Operation and Control,
and for system power losses.
The aim of this paper is to propose an Optimal Dispatch calculation of ALZHRA power plant and a
study its optimal replanning with its 30kv network based on distribution generation (DG)
penetration methods.

II- PROBLEM FORMULATION

Most of Libyan electric network parts has not been studied and analyzed for optimal and economic
dispatch operation. AL Zahra power plant is feeding a 30KV
system network which connected to the Libyan Electric Grid needs to be studied and analyzed for
economic dispatch and optimal operation at different operating conditions and modes.
The network will be simulated using the objective function for generators heat rate equations and
power loss function of the network, by applying Larangian Optimization Algorithm, Newton-
Raphson method, and

III-SYSTEM OBJECTIVE FUNCTION

For optimization procedure, objective functions are needed to be minimized according to system
variance parameters,
so there will be two main objective functions will be considered:
A .THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF ECONOMICAL DISPATCH
For economic dispatch the objective function should be dealing with heat rates or cost rates. The
generators heat rate is performed according to system testing results, or during restarting of the
plant generators after maintenance periods.
Data for Al-Zahra plant generators are given by National Scientific Research Association (NSRA)
of Libya through their research studies [10].

The relation between power out puts in MW and MBTU/h are performed as shown in table (1),
using Excel software for curve fittings the heat rate curve is shown in figure (1), which similar for
all three power plant units of the chosen system.

Table (1) the MBTU/h vs output power in MW

H P Heat rate
MMBTU/ MWh MW MBTU/ h
20.87 15 5261
28.27 10 7124
20.87 15 5261
17.25 20 4347
15.12 25 3811
13.75 30 3465
12.81 35 3227
12.13 40 3057
11.8 45 2973.6
10.7 50 2696.4

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

Also the heat rate equation are performed by Excel:

Mbtu/h
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 P(MW)

H= 0.0249P**2 + 5.2392*P + 226.57

Fig (1) Heat rate curve for each thermal power plant units of the system

The heat rate equations for each generator are found to be:

𝐇 = 226.57 + 5.2392𝐏 +
0.0249𝐏 2 (1.1)
In the form of 𝐇 = 𝛂 + 𝛃𝐏 + 𝛄𝐏 𝟐
Where 𝛂 = 226.57 is constant in MBTU/h
𝛃 = 5.2392 MBTU/MWh
𝑀𝐵𝑇𝑈
𝛄 = 0.0249 (𝑀𝑊)2 ℎ
P= power output in MW
H= heat rate in MBtu/h
B- THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION FOR SYSTEM POWER LOSSES

The power loss equation can be given in a quadratic form as [2]

𝑭(𝑷𝑮 ) = ∑𝑵𝑮 𝟐
𝑱=𝟏(𝒄𝒊 𝑷𝑮𝟏 + 𝒃𝒊 𝑷𝑮𝒊 + 𝒂𝒊 ) + (𝒈(𝒑𝒊 )) + 𝝁(𝝁(𝒑𝒊 ))
(1.2)
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝒂𝒊 , 𝒃𝒊 , 𝒄𝒊 Are constants of the polynomial.
Also 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠 should be expressed in terms of system parameters and given by using the B matrix [2]
which is defined by Stott decoupled power flow [2] as shown in the loss equation is given by:
𝐏𝐥𝐨𝐬𝐬 = 𝐏 𝐓 [𝐁]𝐏 + 𝐁𝟎𝐓 𝐏
+ 𝐁𝟎𝟎 (𝟏. 𝟑)
P = vector of all generator bus net MW
[B] = square matrix of the same dimension as P
B, = vector of the same length as P
Boo = constant
Equation (1.3) is presenting the objective function of the system power and used for optimal power
flow with system inequality and equality constraints for voltage limits, active power limits,
and reactive power limits as well as the plant generation limits.

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

Software NIPLAN is used for system simulation and analysis based OPF and ED.

IV- DESCRIPTION OF THE CHOSEN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

The system chosen is consists of:
1) Voltage source power of 3 generator connected to 30VK bus
2) Transformers 220/30 kv substation
3) Transformers 30/11 kv to the loads
4) Overhead lines & Underground cables.
5) Bus bars 30 kv.
6) Bus couplers & Bus sections
7) Loads.
The system configuration in fig (2).

B-1077474064 B-1077474069 B-1077474073

‫ف‬.‫ ك‬022 ‫محطة الزهراء‬

220/30KV 220/30KV
220/30KV
63MVA 100MVA
100MVA
‫مستشفى الزهراء‬
1.4 km
30/11KV
8.16 km 20MVA

6.61 km 14.35 km

8.16 km 14.35 km
10 km
1 ‫الزهراء‬
6.61 km
‫الحشان‬ ‫الزهراء‬
‫السوانى‬ ‫بئر زينوبة‬
‫المعمورة‬ 30/11KV
2 ‫الزهراء‬ 30/11KV 30/11KV 30/11KV
30/11KV 30/11KV 30/11KV 20MVA
20MVA 20MVA
4.2 km

20MVA 20MVA 20MVA

20MVA
30/11KV
30/11KV 10 km
20MVA
3 km

20MVA
4.2 km
16 km

3.6 km
12 km
12 km
5.5 km

10 km

‫منعطف الزهراء‬
5.5 km

10 km

1- ‫منعطف الزهراء‬
9 km
1.2 km

30/11KV 30/11KV
20MVA 10MVA
6 km ‫مفرق السواني‬2- ‫بئر ترفاس‬ ‫بئر ترفاس‬
‫أبو لمان‬
30/11KV 30/11KV
‫الورق‬
1.2 km

30/11KV
30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
20MVA
30/11KV 30/11KV ‫البيابصة‬ 10MVA 30/11KV
20MVA 20MVA 10MVA
10 km
5.5 km

30/11KV
20MVA
6.2 km
‫المايا‬
‫بئر جمال‬
30/11KV 30/11KV
20MVA 20MVA
‫العامرية‬
30/11KV
30/11KV 20MVA 30/11KV 30/11KV
10MVA 20MVA 20MVA

7 km

‫الجليدة‬
30/11KV 30/11KV
10MVA 10MVA

fig (2) system configuration

V- Normal and Optimal Power Flow Applications and Case Studies

To implement OPF for an electrical network used in this research study Alzahra 30KV power plant
and its 30kv circuit is considered.
ALZAHRA 30kv network consists of 20 busbars the main 30kv busbar connected to 220kv system
through three (220/30) kV transforms also a three gas-turbines of 47.5 MW size each are connected
to the same 30KV busbar, which
Consid
ered as the main bus bar.

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

A-Application Normal Optimal Load Flow (OPF) for the System Analysis
In this case the normal OPF is applied and the results are shown in table (2)

Table (2) the normal optimal load flow for Alzahra power generators are connected
Iteration data
Iterations: 4
Mismatch: 4.00E-05

From To P Loss Q Loss P Imp Q Imp P Gen Q Gen P Load Q Load Gen. Cost
Area/Zone Area/Zone MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar Curr. Units
Network 10.385 48.452 58.885 205.732 178.885 151.86 168.5 103.408 1427.926
Area 1 10.385 48.452 0 0 178.885 151.86 168.5 103.408 1427.926
Zone 1 10.385 48.452 0 0 178.885 151.86 168.5 103.408 1427.926

Un P Loss LineQ Loss Line

P Loss Transformer
Q Loss Transformer
kV MW MVar MW MVar
30 8.483 12.394 1.002 18.079
220 0 0 0.9 17.98

Overloads
Nodes (lower) %
‫المايا‬ 94.94
N1077349456 94.62
N1077349425 94.52
‫الحشان‬ 93.95
N1077349567 92.88
N1077349666 92.87
‫بئر جمال‬ 92.81
N1077349666 92.48
2-30 ‫بئر جمال‬ 92.22
2- ‫بئر زينوبة‬ 91.88
N1077364627 90.28
‫الجليدة‬ 89.7
N1077349410 89.7
2- ‫بئر ترفاس‬ 88.62
‫بئر زينوبة‬ 88.27
‫البيابصة‬ 87.99
‫البيابصة‬ 87.97
N1077364627 86.52
N1077349465 86.2
N1077349462 86.19
N1077349456 85.62
‫مفرق السواني‬ 84.31
2-30 ‫مفرق السواني‬ 84.3
‫بئر ترفاس‬ 83.64
‫السوانى‬ 82.73
Elements % Type
L1077364630 141.77 Line
U 129.99 Line
1 129.05 Line

The results for system analysis shows that the system suffering voltage violation for most bus bars
and high loadability of some lines as shown in table (2).
Figures (3) also shows the system weaknesses on the one-line diagram of the Net Work.
P=-40.000 MW
P=-40.000 MW Q=-0.751 Mvar
Q=27.020 Mvar
P=-40.000 MW
B-1077474069 Q=27.603 Mvar
U=20.000 kV
B-1077474064
U=20.000 kV B-1077474073
U=20.000 kV

P=-24.304 MW
‫ف‬.‫ ك‬022 ‫ الزهراء‬Q=-126.661
Q=-79.071 Mvar
‫محطة‬
P=-34.581 MW
Mvar

220/30KV 220/30KV
220/30KV
63MVA 100MVA
100MVA
MW r ‫مستشفى الزهراء‬
W MW r
.000 M1.4
va km
0M r .000 Mva U=29.976 kV
40 6 va 40
P=-29.578 MW P=- 7.06P=4.524 MW 0.00 M P=- 7.60
4
8.16 km P=-23.962 MW P=-4.445 MW Q=-80.905 Mvar =-4 .751 30/11KV
Q=-72.236 Mvar Q=-34.610 Mvar Q=2 Q=3.209PMvar -0 Q=2
P=7.621 MW 20MVA
Q= 14.35 km
Q=5.428 Mvar 6.61 km
P=16.038 MW P=4.500 MW P=14.441 MW
Q=13.800 Mvar Q=2.789 Mvar Q=11.684 Mvar
14.35 km
10 km 8.16 km
P=10.261 MW P=15.742 MW 1 ‫الزهراء‬ P=10.213 MW
Q=7.589 Mvar Q=10.074 Mvar 6.61 km Q=7.860 Mvar
P=12.253 MW ‫الزهراء‬ U=30.000 kV
‫الحشان‬ ‫السوانى‬
Q=9.106 Mvar
U=30.016 kV ‫بئر زينوبة‬
U=28.184 kV
‫المعمورة‬ 2 ‫الزهراء‬ U=24.820 kV U=26.480 kV
Q=10.028 Mvar

30/11KV
P=14.130 MW

30/11KV 30/11KV
30/11KV U=29.336 kV 30/11KV 30/11KV U=30.000 kV 20MVA
30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
20MVA
4.2 km

20MVA 20MVA 20MVA

P=6.000 MW 10 km
30/11KV P=7.000 MW
30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar P=17.013 MW
20MVA Q=4.338 Mvar P=5.000 MW P=7.000 MW
20MVA P=12.000 MW
Q=14.218 Mvar

4.2 km Q=13.808 Mvar Q=3.099 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar

P=16.871 MW

3.6 km
Q=4.638 Mvar

P=10.000 MW Q=7.437 Mvar

Q=3.353 Mvar

P=6.249 MW
P=4.631 MW

P=10.310 MW
Q=7.955 Mvar
P=12.028 MW

Q=4.346 Mvar
Q=10.393 Mvar

P=6.126 MW

Q=6.197 Mvar
P=13.729 MW

Q=4.346 Mvar

P=7.500 MW
16 km

P=9.306 MW
P=6.126 MW

Q=7.177 Mvar
12 km
Q=5.463 Mvar

‫منعطف الزهراء‬
12 km
P=7.637 MW

5.5 km

Q=4.648 Mvar
10 km

1- ‫منعطف الزهراء‬
5.5 km

10 km

P=12.000 MW Q=7.114 Mvar

9 km

Q=7.437 Mvar U=29.839 kV

U=29.794 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV 6 km
20MVA 10MVA ‫مفرق السواني‬2- ‫بئر ترفاس‬ ‫بئر ترفاس‬
‫أبو لمان‬ P=9.578 MW
U=25.292 U=26.586
kV kV U=25.092 kV
U=28.650 kV ‫الورق‬ Q=7.338 Mvar
30/11KV 30/11KV
30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
20MVA U=28.752 kVP=7.000 MW P=7.000 MW ‫البيابصة‬ 30/11KV
30/11KV Q=4.338 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar 10MVA 30/11KV
30/11KV
Q=4.628 Mvar

U=26.391 kV
P=7.739 MW

20MVA 20MVA 10MVA P=6.000 MW

P=13.000 MW P=4.500 MW
10 km

Q=8.057 Mvar 30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar

P=6.000 MW Q=2.789 Mvar
6.2 km 20MVA P=6.000 MW Q=3.718 Mvar
P=4.000 MW P=10.288 MW
‫المايا‬ Q=2.479 Mvar P=7.000 MW
P=6.000 MW
Q=3.718 Mvar

U=28.483 kV ‫بئر جمال‬Mvar

Q=4.338 Q=7.506 Mvar
Q=3.718 Mvar
U=27.844 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV
20MVA 20MVA ‫العامرية‬
30/11KV U=28.801 kV
30/11KV 20MVA 30/11KV 30/11KV
P=7.500 MW 10MVA 20MVA 20MVA
Q=4.648 Mvar
P=5.000 MW P=5.000 MW
P=7.500 MW Q=3.099 Mvar Q=3.099 Mvar
Q=3.632 Mvar

7 km
P=6.155 MW
Q=4.482 Mvar

‫الجليدة‬
U=26.910 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV
10MVA 10MVA

P=3.000 MW P=3.000 MW
Q=1.859 Mvar Q=1.859 Mvar

Legend
Overloaded Elements

Unfeeded Elements

11.000 kV

20.000 kV

30.000 kV

220.000 kV

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

with red lines on the single line diagram.

The solution for such system problems by conventional methods will result maney changes of
system configuration that costs efforts and money beside the time consuming that delaiy the
economic growth of whole area.

B- Optimal Power Flow Applying DG for Enhancing System Performance

Instead of applying conventional methods for system problems solution, the DG units will be
applied to replanning the network, first using the optimal load flow and economic dispatch withe
placing DG units at the buses of low voltage profile to estimate the sizes of DG needed, this
procedure will be repeated to find out the best size and location that satisfy the conditions of
voltage regulations and reducing the power losses.
The best DG size and location is estimated and shown in figure (4), where three DG units are
added to the far end bus-bars, which are: DG connected to Mufreq-eswani Bus-Bar with a 28.346
MW and 10.217MVAr and two connected to Bir-Terfas Bus-Bar with total power of 17.175 MW
and 12.117MVAr P=-10.437 MW
P=-31.217 MW Q=26.239 Mvar
Q=47.995 Mvar P=-41.552 MW
B-1077474069 Q=49.793 Mvar
U=20.000 kV
B-1077474064
U=20.000 kV B-1077474073
U=20.000 kV

P=-3.914 MW
‫ف‬.‫ ك‬022 ‫الزهراء‬Q=-127.689
Q=-79.481 Mvar
‫محطة‬
P=-6.781 MW
Mvar

220/30KV 220/30KV
220/30KV
63MVA 100MVA
100MVA
W ‫مستشفى الزهراء‬
M
17 var W MW
M r 52 var U=29.976 kV
1.2 M1.4 km 37 va 1.5 M
P=-4.137 MW -3 60 -4 94
P=-3.597 MW P=-2.123 MW P= 8.0 P=4.524 MW 0.4 M P= 9.7
8.16 km 4 -1 40 30/11KV
Q=-73.156 Mvar Q=-34.736 Mvar
Q=-82.534 Mvar P= 6.2
Q= Q=3.209 Mvar Q=
4
P=7.621 MW 2 20MVA
6.61 km Q=
Q=5.428 Mvar 14.35 km
P=8.404 MW P=4.500 MW P=3.301 MW
Q=6.038 Mvar Q=2.789 Mvar Q=2.384 Mvar
10 km 8.16 km 14.35 km
P=2.316 MW
P=5.501 MW P=7.083 MW 1 ‫الزهراء‬
Q=5.296 Mvar 6.61 km Q=1.628 Mvar
Q=3.928 Mvar U=30.000 kV
P=12.253 MW ‫الزهراء‬
‫الحشان‬ ‫السوانى‬
Q=9.105 Mvar
U=30.029 kV ‫بئر زينوبة‬
U=30.000 kV U=29.621 kV
‫المعمورة‬ 2 ‫الزهراء‬ U=29.263 kV
Q=10.027 Mvar

30/11KV 30/11KV
P=14.130 MW

30/11KV 30/11KV
30/11KV U=29.336 kV 30/11KV U=30.000 kV 20MVA
30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
4.2 km

20MVA 20MVA 20MVA

20MVA
P=6.000 MW 10 km
30/11KV P=7.000 MW
30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar P=1.986 MW
20MVA Q=4.338 Mvar P=5.000 MW P=7.000 MW
20MVA 4.2 km P=12.000 MW
Q=-0.028 Mvar

Q=1.189 Mvar Q=3.099 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar

Q=2.634 Mvar
Q=1.926 Mvar

P=10.000 MW
P=0.013 MW

3.6 km Q=7.437 Mvar

P=3.790 MW
P=2.737 MW

P=10.310 MW
Q=1.961 Mvar

Q=3.932 Mvar

Q=3.932 Mvar
P=6.089 MW
P=2.680 MW

Q=3.825 Mvar

Q=6.197 Mvar P=7.500 MW

P=6.089 MW
16 km

P=4.093 MW
P=5.371 MW

12 km

Q=7.177 Mvar
Q=5.448 Mvar

12 km

‫منعطف الزهراء‬
P=7.633 MW

5.5 km

10 km

Q=4.648 Mvar
1- ‫منعطف الزهراء‬
10 km

P=12.000 MW
5.5 km

Q=2.465 Mvar
9 km

Q=7.437 Mvar U=29.839 kV

U=29.806 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV
6 km
20MVA 10MVA ‫مفرق السواني‬2- ‫بئر ترفاس‬ ‫بئر ترفاس‬
‫أبو لمان‬ P=4.060 MW
U=29.997 U=30.000
kV kV U=30.000 kV
U=29.161 kV ‫الورق‬
Q=2.735 Mvar
30/11KV 30/11KV
P=-15.610 MW 30/11KV
U=29.527 kVP=7.000 MW P=7.000 MW 30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
Q=-11.173 Mvar 20MVA
30/11KV Q=4.338 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar ‫البيابصة‬ 10MVA 30/11KV
30/11KV
Q=0.917 Mvar

U=29.634 kV
P=1.357 MW

20MVA 20MVA 10MVA P=6.000 MW

P=13.000 MW P=4.500 MW
10 km

Q=8.057 Mvar 30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar

P=6.000 MW Q=2.789 Mvar
6.2 km 20MVA P=6.000 MW
P=4.000 MW Q=3.718 Mvar
P=7.000 MW P=10.288 MW Q=3.718 Mvar
‫ المايا‬Q=2.479 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar P=6.000 MW
U=28.994 kV ‫بئر جمال‬ Q=7.506 Mvar
Q=3.718 Mvar
U=30.000 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV
20MVA 20MVA ‫العامرية‬
30/11KV U=28.801 kV P=-7.293 MW
30/11KV 20MVA 30/11KV 30/11KV Q=-5.156 Mvar P=-9.882 MW
P=7.500 MW 10MVA 20MVA 20MVA Q=-6.956 Mvar
P=-28.346 MW
Q=4.648 Mvar
Q=-19.217 Mvar
P=5.000 MW P=5.000 MW
P=7.500 MW Q=3.099 Mvar Q=3.099 Mvar
Q=3.632 Mvar

7 km P=-8.898 MW
P=1.730 MW Q=-5.164 Mvar
Q=1.221 Mvar

‫الجليدة‬
U=30.000 kV
30/11KV 30/11KV
10MVA 10MVA P=-7.784 MW
Q=-5.494 Mvar

P=3.000 MW P=3.000 MW
Q=1.859 Mvar Q=1.859 Mvar

Fig (4) show the configuration line diagram with generators connected

Applying the OPF and ED analysis the results are shown in table (3)

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

Table (3) the simulation results with DG penetration

From To P Loss Q Loss P Imp Q Imp P Gen Q Gen P Load Q Load Gen. Cost
Area/Zone Area/Zone MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar Curr. Units
Network 3.215 32.894 10.699 207.169 171.715 136.302 168.5 103.408 1185.578
Area 1 3.215 32.894 0 0 171.715 136.302 168.5 103.408 1185.578
Zone 1 3.215 32.894 0 0 171.715 136.302 168.5 103.408 1185.578

Un P Loss LineQ Loss LineP Loss Transformer

Q Loss Transformer
kV MW MVar MW MVar
30 1.416 -0.83 0.96 16.98
220 0 0 0.838 16.744

From table (3), the result shows that problems of the voltage violations are solved and voltage at
buses is within the limits as shown in figure (4)

Also the total losses are reduced to 3.215MW which is reduced by 68.68% of the base case the fuel
cost reduced to be 1185.578 MBTU/hr. the reduction is 16.97 %. The reduction in fuel cost is
427.923 MBTU/hr. ,that can transferred to Dinar/hr.
Also Fig (5) shows the voltage profile curve of the system busbars.

Fig (5) shows the voltage profile curve of the system busbars

VI-AL-Zahra Electric Network as an Isolated Grid Case Study

In this case whole grid is isolated from the main Libya Electric Network.
In this case the grid is fed from the local Al-zahra power plant with adding the DG units on the
30KV busbars as shown figure (6), where another tow DG units are added to Alhashan Bus-Bar
and Bir-Jamal Bus-Bar besides the three DG added to the last case, where the optimal search
procedure is repeated to reach this result.

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

P=-12.552 MW
P=-34.388 MW Q=-8.492 Mvar
Q=-24.447 Mvar I=0.437 kA
I=1.218 kA P=-45.843 MW
B-1077474069 Q=-32.990 Mvar
I=1.630 kA
U=20.000 kV
B-1077474064 u=100.0 %
U=20.000 kV B-1077474073
u=100.0 % U=20.000 kV
u=100.0 %

P=0.000 MW
‫ف‬.‫ ك‬022 ‫ الزهراء‬Q=0.000
Q=0.000 Mvar
I=0.000 kA
‫محطة‬
P=0.000 MW
Mvar
I=0.000 kA
MW
43 var
5.8 0 M
-4 9
P= 2.9 kA
-3 87
220/30KV Q= 1.0
220/30KV 220/30KV I=
100MVA
100MVA 63MVA
M
W ‫مستشفى الزهراء‬
88 var M
W
U=29.976 kV
4.3 1 M1.4 km 52 r
-3 1 va
P= 4.4 P=4.524 kA MW 2.5 M u=99.9 %
-2 12 =-1 .492 kA
8.16 km Q= 0Q=3.209
.8 PMvar
-8 92 30/11KV
P=7.621 MW I= I=0.107 kAQ= 0.2 20MVA 14.35 km
Q=5.429 Mvar 6.61 km I=
I=0.180 kA P=8.559 MW P=3.239 MW
Q=6.291 Mvar P=4.500 MW
Q=2.789 Mvar Q=2.285 Mvar
I=0.204 kA
I=0.275 kA 14.35 kmkA
I=0.076
10 km 8.16 km P=2.315 MW
P=5.605 MW P=6.821 MW 1 ‫الزهراء‬
Q=4.872 Mvar 6.61 km Q=1.627 Mvar
Q=4.097 Mvar
P=12.253 MW ‫الزهراء‬
U=30.000 kV
‫الحشان‬
I=0.136 kA I=0.161 kA I=0.054 kA
‫السوانى‬
Q=9.106 Mvar
U=29.985 kV u=100.0 % ‫بئر زينوبة‬
U=30.000 kV I=0.294 kA
‫ المعمورة‬u=100.0 % 2 ‫الزهراء‬ U=29.621 kV U=29.243 kV
u=100.0 % u=98.7 %
U=29.336 kV U=30.000 kV u=97.5
30/11KV %

Q=10.032 Mvar
30/11KV

P=14.130 MW
30/11KV 30/11KV

I=0.334 kA
30/11KV 30/11KV 30/11KV 20MVA 20MVA
u=97.8 % u=100.0 % 20MVA

4.2 km
20MVA 20MVA 20MVA
20MVA 10 km
P=6.000 MW P=1.985 MW
30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar P=7.000 MW
30/11KV
20MVA I=0.384 kA Q=4.338 Mvar Q=1.189 Mvar P=5.000 MW P=7.000 MW
20MVA 3.6 km
I=0.437 kA 4.2 km P=12.000 MW

Q=-0.028 Mvar
Q=3.099 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar

Q=2.728 Mvar
P=0.011 MW
P=10.310 MW

Q=1.927 Mvar
Q=7.437 Mvar

P=3.849 MW
P=10.000 MW

P=2.737 MW
I=0.045 kA

10 km kA
P=4.094 MW

I=0.093 kA
Q=1.794 Mvar
I=0.412 kA

Q=3.932 Mvar
I=0.290 kA

I=0.066 kA
P=6.089 MW
P=2.578 MW
Q=7.177 Mvar

Q=3.823 Mvar
‫منعطف الزهراء‬ I=0.710 kA

Q=3.932 Mvar
Q=6.197 Mvar

16 km
I=0.060 kA

P=6.089 MW
I=0.139 kA
P=5.371 MW
P=7.500 MW

12 km
Q=5.448 Mvar

12 km
I=0.127 kA

I=0.139 kA
1- ‫الزهراء‬
kA ‫منعطف‬
P=7.633 MW
I=0.242

I=0.001
I=0.624 kA Q=2.465 Mvar
5.5 km
Q=4.648 Mvar I=0.183 kA

10 km
5.5 km
I=0.449 kA P=12.000 MW U=29.839 kV
9 km

Q=7.437 Mvar U=29.763 kV I=0.092 kA

I=0.774 kA u=99.5 %
u=99.2 % 6 km
30/11KV 30/11KV ‫مفرق السواني‬2- ‫بئر ترفاس‬ ‫بئر ترفاس‬
‫أبو لمان‬ 20MVA 10MVA P=4.061 MW
U=29.997 U=30.000
kV kV U=30.000 kV
U=29.146 kV ‫الورق‬ Q=2.735 Mvar
u=100.0 %u=100.0 % u=100.0 %
30/11KV
u=97.2 % U=29.527 kV I=0.095 kA 30/11KV 30/11KV
P=-15.717 MW
20MVA P=7.000 MW P=7.000 MW ‫البيابصة‬ 30/11KV
20MVA 20MVA
Q=-11.347 Mvar
30/11KV u=98.4 %Q=4.338 Mvar Q=4.338 Mvar U=29.634 kV 10MVA 30/11KV
I=0.373 kA 30/11KV I=0.441 kA
Q=1.080 Mvar
P=1.458 MW

20MVA I=0.451 kA 10MVA

I=0.035 kA

20MVA u=98.8 % P=6.000 MW

P=13.000 MW P=4.500 MW
10 km

Q=8.057 Mvar 6.2 km 30/11KV Q=3.718 Mvar

P=6.000 MW Q=2.789 Mvar I=0.342 kA
I=0.848 kA 20MVA I=0.255 kA
P=10.288 MW P=6.000 MW Q=3.718 Mvar
‫ المايا‬P=4.000 MW P=7.000 MW Q=3.718 Mvar I=0.354 kA
Q=2.479 Mvar
U=28.979 kV I=0.246 kA ‫بئر جمال‬Mvar
Q=4.338
Q=7.506 Mvar
P=6.000 MW I=0.354 kA
u=96.6 % U=30.000
I=0.439 kAkV I=0.246 kA Q=3.718 Mvar
I=0.347 kA
30/11KV 30/11KV u=100.0 % ‫العامرية‬
20MVA 20MVA
U=28.800 kV
30/11KV u=96.0 P=-7.294 MW
30/11KV 20MVA 30/11KV 30/11KV% Q=-5.157 Mvar P=-9.944 MW
P=7.500 MW 10MVA 20MVA 20MVA I=0.172 kA Q=-7.056 Mvar
Q=4.648 Mvar P=-28.350 MW
Q=-19.216 Mvar I=0.235 kA
I=0.446 kA
P=5.000 MW P=5.000 MW I=0.659 kA
P=7.500 MW Q=3.099 Mvar Q=3.099 Mvar
Q=3.632 Mvar I=0.319 kA I=0.320 kA
I=0.435 kA

7 km
P=1.731 MW P=-9.000 MW
Q=1.223 Mvar Q=-5.331 Mvar
I=0.041 kA I=0.201 kA

‫الجليدة‬
U=30.000 kV
30/11KV u=100.0
30/11KV %
10MVA 10MVA P=-7.785 MW
Q=-5.495 Mvar
I=0.183 kA

P=3.000 MW P=3.000 MW
Q=1.859 Mvar Q=1.859 Mvar
I=0.172 kA I=0.172 kA

Figure (6) shows the network configuration as an isolated network

Applying the OPF and ED analysis, table (4) shows the results.

Table (4) isolated system OPF analysis

From To P Loss Q Loss P Imp Q Imp P Gen Q Gen P Load Q Load Gen. Cost
Area/Zone Area/Zone MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar MW MVar Curr. Units
Network 2.373 16.123 58.393 41.483 170.873 119.531 168.5 103.408 1251.501
Area 1 2.373 16.123 0 0 170.873 119.531 168.5 103.408 1251.501
Zone 1 2.373 16.123 0 0 170.873 119.531 168.5 103.408 1251.501

Un P Loss LineQ Loss LineP Loss Transformer

Q Loss Transformer
kV MW MVar MW MVar
30 1.412 -0.832 0.96 16.955

The results shows that

 The power plant of Al-Zahra power plant units operate at its 80% range limits
 The total DG units generates a 77MW to the load (peak load is considered)
 The total losses also reduced by 77.14%

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

 The fuel cost is decreased to be 1251.501MBTU/hr. by 176.425 MBTU/h only

which is 12.356%. and this due the depends of the system on the local power plant units
instead of local grid.
 Isolated Operation could accomplished with better performance of the system and best
voltage profile.

Figure (7) shows the comparative results of system power losses between different operation
scenarios

Fig (7) a comparative results of system power loss

Also figure (8) shows the voltage profile for different operation senarios

Fig (8) system voltage profiles different operation scenarios

VII- CONCLUSIONS
In this paper both economical dispatch and optimal power flow were considered based on
distribution generation penteration (DG) in the network.
The study shows the benefits of using new techniques for power system replanning and redesign,
and for solving system suffered problems, and enhancing system performance.
Many case studies are performed considering DG pentration with case Economic dispatch
procedure which results in the following benefits:
• The power losses are extremely reduced by more than 70% and reactive power losses is reduced
by 32%.
• The fuel cost for the power station is reduced by 14.5%with economic dispatch.

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Al academia journal for Basic and Applied Sciences volume 2/No. 1 – 2020 June

• The imported power from the main circuit is also reduced by 95% which reduces the main
transmission losses, and increasing its power transition ability.
• The overall voltage profile is enhanced to be within the standard limits
• The grid is stable with minimum losses when it is isolated.
Isolation operation is found to be the best solution and it can be applied to solve the over all
National Grid problems and reduces the Black Out events.

VIII- AEFERENCE
1- Wood, Allen J. Power generation, operation, and control
2- Ward ,J.B, Hale ,H, W, Digital computer solution of Power flow Problems ,ALEE
Transactions , Part III Power Apparatus and system Vol 75, June 1956.PP 398-404
3- Tinney , w.F, Hart ,C.E, Power Flow solution by Newton's Method '' IEEE
Transaction on Power Apparatus and system, Vol Pas-86 Novembr1967 pp 1449-
1460.
4- VanNess, J.E, ''Iteration Methods for Digital load Flow studies '' AIEE Transactions on
Power Apparatus and system, Vol.78A august 1959, PP583-588.
5- Stott, B.,Alsace, O., ''Fast Decoupled Load Flow,'' Lee Transactions on Power Apparatus
and Systems, Vol, PAS -93,May /June 1974,PP. 859-869
6- Carpienter, J., ''Contribution el etude do Dispatching Economies, ''Bulletin Society
Françoise Electricians, Vol 3, August 1962.
7- Carpentier, J ''Optimal power Flows '' Int. J Electric power and Energy system, Vol April
1979, PP3-15.
8- Ross, D. W., “Dynamic Economic Dispatch,” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus
and Systems, November/December 1980, pp. 2060-2068.
9- General electric company of Libya(GECOL) data and studies
10- The National Scientific Research Association (NSRA) Funding project “Economic
Operation Of Libyan Electric Network power plants )by Prof. A. Fadel and etal..2013

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