[Sharma, 1(7): Sep.

, 2012] ISSN:
ISS 2277-9655

IJESRT
INTERNATIONAL JOUR
URNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH
RE
TECHNOLOGY
Transient Stabil
bility Analysis of Power System Using Matla
tlab
P R Sharma*1, Narender Hooda2
*1
YMCA Unive
iversity of Science and Technology Faridabad, India
2
DCR Un
University of Science & Technology, Murthal
[email protected]
Abstract
This paper presents transient stabilityy aassessment of multi-machine system with the help of Sim imulink based model.
Transient stability of a power system m is based on the generator relative rotor angles obtained ed from time domain
simulations outputs. A self sufficientt m
model of IEEE nine bus system has been given with full ull detail and transient
stability analysis is done by considering
ing three phase fault at a bus with different Fault Clearing
g Time
T (FCT) and the
results are found to be more accuratee aand quiet satisfactory as compared to models simulated in PSPICE and other
electromagnetic transient program.

Keywords: MATLAB, Simulink, FCT,

T, transient stability.

Introduction
Modern electric power systems have gro grown to a large go out of step and the system m will lose stability.
complexity due to interconnections,, iinstallation of Methods normally employed to find fi out the TSA are
large generating units and extra high vo voltage tie-lines by using time domain simul ulations, direct and
etc. Due to increased operations whic hich may cause artificial intelligence methods ods. Time domain
power system to be highly stressedd ccondition, the simulation method is implemen ented by solving the
need for dynamic stability of power syssystem is arising. state space differential methods ds. Simulink is an
Transient stability assessment (TSA SA) is part of interactive environment for mode deling and simulating
dynamic security assessment of power er system which a wide variety of dynamic systemems. A system is built
evolves the evolution of the ability of power system easily using blocks and results lts can be displayed
to remain in equilibrium when subjected to quickly. Simulink is used for studying
stu the effects of
disturbances. The system respons onse to such non-linearity of the system and thus is an ideal
disturbances involves large variation of rotor angles, research tool. Use of Simulink is growing rapidly for
power flows bus voltages and other sys system variables. research work in the area of powe
wer system and also in
Transient stability is a condition that cha
characterizes the the other areas. In this paper mul
ulti machine nine bus
dynamics of power system subjectedd tto a fault, the system is modeled in Matlab/simsimulink and transient
initial state proceeding the fault is bal
balanced one. A stability analysis is done with the
th fault located in a
system is said to posses transient stabil
bility if after the bus.
fault it is capable of maintaining ng synchronous
operation and returning to initial statete or close to it. System Modeling
The transient stability is a function off both operating The system used is IEEE 9 bus us system with three
condition and the disturbance. Thi his makes the generators, six transmission line
ines, three load buses
transient stability analysis complicateated as the non and three transformers is shown n in Fig 1. The base
linear ties of the system cannot be ignorored. MVA is 100 and the system frequ equency is 60 Hz. The
system data is given in Appen endix 1.The fault is
In stability assessment the criticall clearing time occurring near bus 7 and fault is cleared by opening
(CCT) is a very important parame meter in order line 5-7.Fault clearing time is set randomly. The
maintain the stability of power systemem. The CCT is complete system is modeled in Simulink with the
maximum time duration that a fault lt may occur in mathematical equations. All the buses except the
power system without loss of stability.
ty. Fault clearing machine buses are eliminate ated and multi-port
time is set randomly. If the fault clearin
aring time (FCT) representations of the internal nod
odes of the generators
is more than CCT then the relative rotor
tor angles will are obtained. Using the self andnd transfer admittance

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rnational Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology[418-422]
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[Sharma, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

parameters of reduced electrical network electric The generator electric power output for each machine
power output of the generators can be obtained. The is computed by following equation
program to obtain the reduced admittance matrix is
given in Appendix. n
The admittance matrix Ybus,mod is augmented by
including the transient reactance of the generators.
Let Ybus,mod after inclusion of load impedances be
Pei = Ei 2Gii + ∑E E Y cos(θ
j =1
i j ij ij − δi + δ j )

partitioned as (3)
 Y1 Y 2  Where
Ybus,mod =  Y 
 3 Y 4 
(1)
Yij = Yij ∠ θ ij = G ij + j B ij
Where sub matrix Y1 is of order m×m and
corresponds to the buses where generators are
Yii = Yii ∠ θ i = G ii + j B ii
connected and Y2 , Y3 and Y4 are the other sub
matrices.
The equation of the motion are given by
Then the augmented bus admittance matrix Ybus,aug  n 
2Hidωi
with ground as reference would be represented as + Diωi = Pmi − E2iGii + ∑ 
i jYij cos(θij −δi +δ j 
EE
ωRdt 
 y −y 0   j =1 
 
Yb u s , a u g = −y Y1 + y Y2  (5)
(2) And
 0 Y3 Y 4 

The matrix is reduced by applying Kron’s reduction dδi
formula eliminating all buses expect the generator = ωi − ω R (6)
dt
buses. For symmetrical three phase to ground at bus k
It is noted that prior to the fault (t=0) Pmi0 = Pei0
the row and column corresponding to bus k are set to
The subscript 0 is used to indicate the pre transient
zero before applying network reduction. In stability
conditions.
analysis three reduced matrices are required to be
As the network changes due to fault, the
computed pre-fault, during fault and the post fault in
corresponding values will be changed in the above
power system.
equation.

Simulink Models
The complete three generator system shown in Fig.1
has been simulated as single integral model in
Simulink. Fig 2 shows the complete block diagram of
the system for transient stability study. Subsystems 1
is meant to compute the electric power output of each
generator. The model also facilitates the choice of
simulation parameters like start time, stop time,
solver etc.

Fig. 1 WSCC 3-machine 9 bus system

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[Sharma, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

Simulation Results
System Responses are given for different values of
FCT. Fault is created near bus 7 and it is cleared at
different clearing time by opening line 5-7. Fig 4 (a)
and (b) shows the relative angular positions of the
generators taking generator one as reference and
individuals angles of each generator. Fig(c) and (d)
shows the accerlating powers and angular velocities
of each generator for the FCT equal to 0.1sec Fig
shows that the rotors angles are in synchronism with
each other making the system stable when the fault
clearing time is 0.1sec.As the FCT increases the
system will move towards instability as the FCT will
become greater that the CCT. When the FCT in 0.3
sec. the system is unstable.

Fig 5(a)-(d) shows the accerlating powers, Relative

angular positions and angular velocities of the
generators and Fig 5(b) shows as the fault clearing
time is increased the rotor angles of the generators go
out of synchronism and the system is losing stability.

(Fault cleared at 0.1s)

Fig.2 Complete system Model for Transient stability
Analysis

(a) Relative angular positions of angles

(Fault cleared at 0.1s)

(b) Angular positions of individual generators

(Fault cleared at 0.1s)

Fig.3 Simulink model for Computation of electric power
output of generator 1

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[Sharma, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

(c) Angular velocities of individual generators

Fig 5(a)-(c)

(c) Generator accelerating Powers

(Fault cleared at 0.1s) Fig 6(a)-(b) shows the relative rotor angles and the
accelerating powers of the generators. Fig 6(a) shows
that the rotor angles synchronism making the system
unstable.

(Fault cleared at 0.5sec)

(d) Angular velocities of generators

Fig 4 (a) – (d)

(Fault cleared at 0.3sec)

(a) Relative angles in degree

(Fault cleared at 0.5sec)

(a) Accerlating power of generators

(Fault cleared at 0.3sec)

(c) Accerlating powers of the generators

Fig.6 (a) - (b)

Conclusion
A complete model to study the transient behavior of
Multi-machine system was developed using
Simulink. It is basically a transfer function and block
diagram representation of system equations. The
(b) Relative angular positions of generators system was simulated for different FCT and the
results are highly satisfactory. A Simulink model is
(Fault cleared at 0.3 sec) very user friendly and for transient stability analysis
the model facilitates the fast and precise solution of
nonlinear differential equation.

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[Sharma, 1(7): Sep., 2012] ISSN: 2277-9655

Appendix

n=9;
Y=zeros(n);
n=n-1;
i=1;
k=1;
for ii=1:locs;
add=loc(ii+1)-loc(ii);
for kk=1:add;
J=c(k);
Y(i,i)=Y(i,i)+1/e(k);
if J==0;
disp('branch')
k=k+1;
else
Y(J,J)=Y(J,J) +1/e(k);
Y(i,J)=Y(i,J) -1/e(k);
Y(J,i)=Y(i,J);
k=k+1;
end
end
i=i+1;
end
Y

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