QUANTUM COMPUTING

717824e212 Hari prasanna k

717824e247 sakthikumar s
717824e241 praveen s
717824e214 harish kumar k.k
INTRODUCTION

• A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. On small scales,
physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this
behavior using specialized hardware.

• Classical physics cannot explain the operation of these quantum devices, and a scalable
quantum computer could perform some calculations exponentially faster than any modern
"classical" computer.

• Theoretically a large-scale quantum computer could break some widely used encryption schemes and
aid physicists in performing physical simulations; however, the current state of the art is largely
experimental and impractical, with several obstacles to useful applications.

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UNIT

• The basic unit of information in quantum computing, the qubit (or "quantum bit"), serves the same function as
the bit in classical computing.

• However, unlike a classical bit, which can be in one of two states (a binary), a qubit can exist in
a superposition of its two "basis" states, which loosely means that it is in both states simultaneously.

• When measuring a qubit, the result is a probabilistic output of a classical bit.

• If a quantum computer manipulates the qubit in a particular way, wave interference effects can amplify the
desired measurement results.

• The design of quantum algorithms involves creating procedures that allow a quantum computer to perform
calculations efficiently and quickly.

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ADVANTAGE

• In principle, a classical computer can solve the same computational problems as a quantum computer, given
enough time.

• Quantum advantage comes in the form of time complexity rather than computability, and quantum complexity
theory shows that some quantum algorithms are exponentially more efficient than the best-known classical
algorithms.

• A large-scale quantum computer could in theory solve computational problems unsolvable by a classical
computer in any reasonable amount of time.

• This concept of extra ability has been called "quantum supremacy".

• While such claims have drawn significant attention to the discipline, near-term practical use cases remain
limited.

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DISADVANTAGE

• Technical challenges
Quantum computers are expensive, large, and difficult to interact with. They are
also sensitive to noise and difficult to calibrate.
• Error correction
Quantum errors are difficult to correct because qubits can take an infinite number
of states.
• Scalability
Quantum computers are still relatively small compared to classical computers.
• Hardware development
Developing high-quality quantum hardware is a major challenge.
• Software development
Quantum algorithms and software development tools are still in their infancy.

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• Environmental sensitivity
Quantum computers need to be kept at or around absolute zero and insulated from the earth's magnetic field.
• Unintended consequences
Quantum computing could create unintended consequences.
• Security
Quantum computers' computing power could make current encryption mechanisms useless.

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APPLICATIONS

• Weather forecasting
Quantum computing can help analyze complex variables like air pressure and temperature to provide
detailed climate models. This information is important for preparing for natural disasters and mitigating
climate change.
• Drug development
Quantum computing can speed up the drug development process by improving drug design, target
identification, and toxicity testing.
• Cybersecurity
Quantum computing can help detect cyberattacks early and develop stronger cryptography standards to
protect digital data.
• Financial modeling
Quantum computing can help improve machine learning tasks and satisfy legal requirements.

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CONCLUSION

Quantum computing is a field of technology that is still in development, but it has the potential to
revolutionize computation, science, and industry. Here are some conclusions about quantum computing:
• Quantum computers are different from classical computers
Quantum computers operate probabilistically and use qubits, which have unique properties like superposition
and entanglement. These differences make quantum computers capable of solving problems that are
intractable for classical computers.
• Quantum computing can advance science and industry
Quantum computing research can lead to advances in fields like chemistry, optimization, and molecular
simulation. It can also help financial services predict market movements and manufacturing improve
operations.
• Quantum computing is still in development
While some quantum computers are already operational, a large, fault-tolerant quantum computer is still a
ways off.

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THANK YOU

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