SALVACION NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (SHS)

Busuanga, Palawan

DAILY LESSON LOG

Name of Teacher: Geraldine L. Dumaran-Libarra
Subject: Pre-Calculus
Grade and Block/Section: Grade 11-STEM

Date: July 29/30, 2024

Content Standards: The learners demonstrate an understanding of key concepts of conic sections and systems of
nonlinear equations.
Performance Standards: The learners shall be able to model situations appropriately and solve problems accurately
using conic sections and systems of nonlinear equations.
Learning Competencies/Code: The learners illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle,
hyperbola, and degenerate cases STEM_PC11AG-Ia-1, define circle STEM_PC11AG-Ia-2, determine the standard
form of equation of a circle STEM_PC11AG-Ia-3, and graph a circle in a rectangular coordinate system
STEM_PC11AG-Ia-4.

Topic: Types of Conic Sections-Circle

Reference: Curriculum Guide and Calculus Book,
Materials: Laptop, TV, Cones, Cutter, Colored Papers, Calculator, Graphing Board, Marker and Hand Outs

Activities:
Activities:
Learners’ Activity—the learners will illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle,
hyperbola, and degenerate cases and define a circle.
Activity
 We present the conic sections, a particular class of curves which sometimes appear in nature and
which have applications in other fields. In this lesson, we first illustrate how each of these curves is
obtained from the intersection of a plane and a cone.
 Please identify the figure formed by the intersection of a plane and a cone.

Analysis
 To answer the previous activity, we have,
o Circle (Figure 1.1) - when the plane is horizontal
o Ellipse (Figure 1.1) - when the (tilted) plane intersects only one cone to form a bounded
curve.
o Parabola (Figure 1.2) - when the plane intersects only one cone to form an unbounded curve.
o Hyperbola (Figure 1.3) - when the plane (not necessarily vertical) intersects both cones to
form two unbounded curves (each called a branch of the hyperbola)
 We can draw these conic sections (also called conics) on a rectangular coordinate plane and find
their equations. To be able to do this, we will present equivalent definitions of these conic sections
in subsequent sections, and use these to find the equations.
 There are other ways for a plane and the cones to intersect, to form what are referred to as
degenerate conics: a point, one line, and two lines.
 Abstraction
 Conic sections (or conics) is a curved formed by a plane passing through a double-napped circular
cone. One of the first shapes we learned, a circle, is a conic. When you throw a ball, the trajectory it
takes is a parabola. The orbit taken by each planet around the sun is an ellipse. Properties of
hyperbolas have been used in the design of certain telescopes and navigation systems.
Definition and Equation of a Circle
A circle may also be considered a special kind of ellipse (for the special case when the tilted plane is
horizontal). As we get to know more about a circle, we will also be able to distinguish more between these two conics.
C (3 ,1)shown. From the figure, the distance of A (−2 , 1 )from C is AC = 5. By
See Figure 1.7, with the point
the distance formula, the distance of B ( 6 ,5 ) from C is BC = √ (6−3)2 +(5−1)2 =5. There are other points P such
that PC = 5. The collection of all such points which are 5 units away from C, forms a circle.
Figure 1.7 Figure 1.8

Let C be a given point. The set of all points P having the same distance from C is called a circle. The point
C is called the center of the circle, and the common distance its radius.

The term radius is both used to refer to a segment from the center C to a point P on the circle, and the length
of this segment.
See Figure 1.8, where a circle is drawn. It has center C(h, k) and radius r > 0.
A point P(x, y) is on the circle if and only if PC = r. For any such point then, its coordinates should satisfy the following.
PC =r
√(x−h)2 +( y−k)2=r
¿
This is the standard equation of the circle with center C(h, k) and radius r. If the center is the origin, then h = 0
and k = 0. The standard equation is then x2 + y2 = r2.

Example 1.2. Graph the circle x 2+ y 2=9 .

The given equation is in standard form with center at the origin C(0,0) and radius. We can rewrite the equation
into this form x 2+ y 2=32.following the standard equation x2 + y2 = r2. Thus, r=3. To be able to graph the circle, we take
all the points that are 3 units from the center (0,0) to all directions along the plane. See Figure 1.9 below.

Figure 1.9

Example1.2. In each item, give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions.
(1) center at the origin, radius 4
(2) center (−4, 3), radius √ 7
(3) circle in Figure 1.7
(4) circle A in Figure 1.10
(5) circle B in Figure 1.10
(6) center (5, 6), tangent
− to the y-axis Figure 1.10
(7) center (5, −6), tangent to the x-axis
(8) It has a diameter with endpoints A(−1, 4) and B(4, 2).
 Solution:
(1) Since the center of the circle is the origin, then h=0 and k=0, the standard equation of the circle given radius
(r=4) is x 2+ y 2=16.
(2) Since the center of the circle is not the origin, we will use the standard equation ¿
¿
2
( x−(−4 )) + ( y−3 )=¿ ¿
2
(x +4 ) +¿
(3) The center is (3, 1) and the radius is 5
¿
2 2
(x−3) + ( y−1 ) =(5)
2
( x−3) +¿
(4) By inspection, the center is (- 2,-1) and the radius is 4. The equation is (x + 2) 2+ (y + 1)2
= 16.
(5) Similarly by inspection, we have (x − 3)2 + (y − 2)2 = 9.
(6) The center is 5 units away from the y-axis, so the radius is r= 5 (you can make a sketch
to see why). The equation is (x− 5)2 + (y + 6)2 = 25.
(7) Similarly, since the center is 6 units away from the x-axis, the equation is (x − 5) 2 + (y +
6)2 = 36.
−1+ 4 4+2 3
(8) The center C is the midpoint of A and B: C= , =( , 3).The radius is then r=AC=
2 2 2

√ 3
(−1− ¿ )+¿ ¿. The circle has an equation ¿.
2
After expanding the standard equation, say for example the standard form in example 1.8, ¿, can be written as
2 2
x + y −3 x−6 y +4=0, an equation of the circle in general form. If the equation of a circle is given in the general
form

Ax2 + By2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0, A ≠ 0,

x2 + y2 + Cx + Dy + E = 0,
we can determine the standard form by completing the square in both variables. Steps below show the
knowledge we had in our previous activity about completing the square.
¿

9 2 29
−3 x+ +Y −6 y + 9=
4 4

2 2 29 9
x + Y −3 x−6 y= − −9
4 4
2 2
x + Y −3 x−6 y=−4
2 2
x + Y −3 x−6 y + 4=0

In completing the square like the expression ( x 2+ 14 x ¿ , means determining the term to be added
that will produce a perfect polynomial square. Since the coefficient of x 2 is already 1, we take half the
coefficient of x and square it, and we get 49. Indeed, x 2 + 14x + 49 = (x + 7) 2 is a perfect square. To
complete the square in, say, 3x 2 + 18x, we factor the coefficient of x 2 from the expression: 3(x2 + 6x), then
add 9 inside. When completing a square in an equation, any extra term introduced on one side should also
be added to the other side.

Application
 Let us find out if you really understand the discussed concept by answering these exercises with your
learning buddy.
1. In each item, give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions.
a. center at the origin, contains (0, 3) b. center (1, 5), diameter 8
c. circle A in Figure 1.14 d. circle B in Figure 1.14
e. circle C in Figure 1.14 f. center (-2,-3), tangent to the y- axis
g. center ( -2,-3), tangent to the x- axis h. contains the points ( -2,0) and (8, 0), radius 5.

Figure1.14
2. Identify the center and radius of the circle with the given equation in each item. Sketch its graph, and indicate the
center.
(a) x2 + y2 + 8y = 33
b.4x2 + 4y2 − 16x + 40y + 67 = 0
 What is a conic section
 Describe circle
 What are the terms related to circle?
 How do we get the equation of a circle?
 How do we graph a circle?
Teacher’s Activity- the teacher will model the lesson, monitors and directs the learners’ work.
Evaluation: choose the best answer.
1. It is the intersection of a plane and a double-napped cone.
a. locus b. conic section c. circle d. radius

2. A ____________ is the set of all points (x, y) in a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point,
called the center.
a. locus b. conic section c. circle d. radius

3. Which of the following represent a circle centered at (0, 0)?

a. c.

b. d.

a. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 4𝑦 − 10 = 0 c. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2+ 49 = 0
4. Which of the following equation is the standard form of a circle?

b. (𝑥 + 13) + 𝑦2 = √19 d. 𝑥2 = −𝑦2 + 4𝑥 − 10𝑦

2

5. What is the general equation of the circle with center at (−1, −6) and radius 8?

a. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 15 = 0 c. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 − 𝑥 + 10𝑦 = 0

b. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 4𝑥 + 24𝑦 + 4 = 0 d. 𝑥2 + 𝑦2 + 2𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 27 = 0

Assignment: Read in advance about Parabola.

Remarks: ______________________________________________
Reflection: ____________________________________________