COURSE GUIDE FOR PE 206

PATHFIT 4 PHILIPPINE GAMES

SECOND SEMESTER, ACADEMIC YEAR 2023 – 2024
 COURSE GUIDE

Course / Section PE 206 PH GAMES/RECREATIONAL PLAY Credit Units 2

Term Offered SECOND SEMESTER 2023-2024 Total Hours 36
Instructor DOMAR O. CIMAFRANCA
Pre-Requisite/s PATHFIT 1, PATHFIT 2, and PATHFIT 3
Co-Requisite/s None
Course Description
Philippine Games are games deeply rooted in the country’s culture that provide both fitness and cultural
sensitivity. This course teaches students about Philippine Games, both in theory and practice. It aims to
cultivate an appreciation for the various Philippine games as an integral part of our culture and motive
students to engage in physical activity and play, thus preserving these games for future generations.
Active participation in these games will also improve fitness-related components. Additionally, social
aspects such as friendliness, cooperation, and honesty in group competitions, as well as good
sportsmanship, will be developed among the students.
Course Learning Outcomes
CO1. Define and identify the various Philippine Games.
CO2: Instill and develop the value of sportsmanship, cooperation, honesty in group competition, and
managing stress.
CO3: Manage effectively as a member or as a leader in a group competition.
CO4. Demonstrate, modify and organize their own game competition.
CLO5. Appreciate the health benefits of playing to our physical, psychological, physiological, social,
mental, and emotional health.
Topics / Modules and Intended Learning Outcomes
Topic 1: Course introduction

ILO1. Awareness on the requirements of the course.

ILO2. Value the importance and appreciate the purpose of Physical Education as a course.
ILO3: Take a Physical Activity Readiness Test
ILO4: Take a pre-assessment written test

Topic 2: Nature, Benefits and Character of the Games

ILO1.Define Games and other game-related terminologies

ILO2.Discuss the Nature and Purpose of Playing PH Games.
ILO3. Identify the Character and Roles in Philippine Games
ILO4.Identify physical, mental, psychological, physiological and social benefits of playing Games.

Topic 3: Guidelines for Healthy Eating Habits

ILO1. Discuss the benefits and importance of following healthy eating.

ILO2. ILO 1 Interpret food labels accurately
ILO3. Critique health claims of food products and popular dietary practices
ILO4. Identify credible sources of information

Topic 4: Game Elements and Preliminaries

LO1: Discus the preliminaries of the game.

LO2: Identify the various game elements and different Game Formations.

Topic 5: Game Classifications and Safety Precautions

ILO1. Demonstrate stretching exercises.

ILO2.Classify the type of games in terms of the game components
ILO3. Create and execute Philippine Games guided by Game monitoring table.
ILO4. Explain the game mechanism.

SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
Course Introduction/Orientation & PARQ:
Activity 1: Pre-assessment (online)
Activity 2: Diagnostic Test (online)
Activity 3: Tell us your Childhood Memories - RPE (online)
Activity 4: Nature and Character of the Game (online)
Activity 5: Healthy Eating Habits
Activity 6: Sipa Challenge (onsite)
Activity 7: Game Preliminaries (online)
Activity 8: Game Elements (online)
Activity 9: Game Modification, Advantages/Benefits of Playing Pinoy Games
Activity 10: Safety Precautions (online)
Activity 11: Game Classification
Activity 12: Dynamic and/ Static Stretches (onsite)
Activity 13: Midterm Exam in PE (online)
Activities 14-17: PH Games #s 1-4 (onsite)
Activity 18: Pre-Final Exam (onsite)
Activities 19-21: PH Games #5-7 (onsite)
Activity 22: Culminating Activity/Finals and Reflection (onsite)
MADE4Learners FRAMEWORK
Online
Approach / Hybrid Distance Online
Blended
Requirements o Smartphone, tablet or laptop/desktop
o A weekly internet load/mobile data as back up for CIT-U provided wifi
connection is necessary for the online submission of weekly activities.
o Downloaded module
o Links to teacher-made instructional and demo videos
o Attendance to online and onsite classes
o Game materials/equipment

Technical o Learning Management System: Moodle account (lair.education)

Requirements o MS Teams account

Communication o Communication may happen onsite/face-to-face, asynchronously through

Means MS Teams chats.

o PE206 PH Games blends online and on-site activities. Everyone is

expected to attend both online and onsite classes.
o There are five (5) topics and 22 (online and onsite) activities that must
be completed for the whole semester (19 weeks), which are all found
in the module, MSTeams and Lair/Moodle --- the main materials for
 the course. These 22 activities include the major examinations:
prelim, midterm, prefinal and final examinations.
o At the start of term, an official module will be initially given. The
module must be downloaded during the first meeting/ first day of our
PE class. Topics are presented, discussed and explained in the
Reminders module. Everything you need to know is in the module.
o Online quizzes and other online activities will be given on a specific
date and time. For your awareness and preparation, the date, time,
and platform (Lair or MSTeams) for online activities will be shared
with you in advance.
o For practical activities, you will conduct and /play various pinoy
traditional games, which will be done onsite.
o Every time a game is played, students are required to be in his
complete and appropriate PE attire. Students without proper PE attire
will not be allowed to perform or play the activities of the day. While
those who have an incomplete PE uniform or attire will be penalized
with a corresponding point deduction. Further, there are games and
activities that will make use game materials and students must
provide their own gaming equipment.
o Weekly announcements or reminders are posted in the class’
MSTeams aside from Moodle/Lair to inform students on the tasks-at-
hand and procedures. Therefore, ensure that you are enrolled in a
class in MS Teams and in Lair so that you do not fail to receive
updated announcements from your professor.
PLAN OF LEARNING

Topic Teaching / Learning Output / Formative

Week Assessment Tools
No. Activities Assessment
Introduction
1 1 Course Orientation PAR-Q Teacher-made and
Standardized
Questionnaires
Identifying Diagnostic Written Test Teacher-made and
Standardized
2 2 Kinesthetics Diagnostic Practical Test Questionnaires

Scoresheet

Essay – Narrative Recap: Impact of PH

3 2 Games Teacher-made and
Standardized
Identifying Nature and Character of Questionnaires
the Game
4 3 Identifying Health Eating Habits Teacher-made and
Standardized
Questionnaires
5 Kinesthetics Sipa Challenge Teacher-made
Standardized tests
Prelim Examination with Rubrics
Identifying Game Preliminaries
6 4
 Identifying Game Elements Teacher-made and
Standardized
Essay – Personal/Narrative Experiential Knowing Questionnaires

7 Identifying Safety Precautions Teacher-made and

5 Standardized
Identifying Game Identification Questionnaires

8 Stretch Teacher-made and

5 Kinesthetics execution/demonstration Standardized tests
with Rubrics

9 1-4 Identifying Midterm Examination Teacher Made

Questionnaire
10-13 4 Kinesthetics (Various Game Demonstration Activity score sheet
Traditional PH Games) Evaluation
Analysis and Application

14 4 Creating Game Creation and Teacher-made

Modification Standardized Game
Journal
Pre-Final Examination
15-16 4 Kinesthetics (Various Game Demonstration Activity score sheet
Traditional PH Games) Evaluation
Analysis and Application

17 4 Kinesthetics (Various Final Examination – Teacher-made

Traditional PH Games) Culminating Activity – rubrics
Analysis and Application Amazing Game Race;
Class Presentation
18-19 Reflection Narrative Personal Fitness Activity score sheet
Evaluation Evaluation

GRADING SYSTEM:

A. MIDTERM GRADE:

Formative Assessment (all activities that are online and onsite) – 60%

Summative Assessment (Prelim and Midterm Examinations) – 40%

B. FINAL GRADE:

Midterm Grade - 40%

Exercise routines - 30%

Summative Assessment (Pre-Final and Final Examination) - 30%

 TOPIC 1: COURSE INTRODUCTION
This topic aims to achieve the following intended learning outcomes:

ILO1. Awareness on the requirements of the course.

ILO2. Value the importance and appreciate the purpose of physical education as a course.
ILO3. Take a Physical Activity Readiness Test.
ILO4. Take a pre-assessment written test.

Why study Physical Education in college?

Before we start discussing concepts related to PE 206 PATHFIT 2 Philippine Games, we first need
to understand why college students, after finishing PE courses in the Elementary, Junior High School, and
Senior High School, are still required to take PE courses in college.

The very basis of the inclusion of PE from Elementary to the College level is Article XIV Section 19
of the Philippine Constitution.

ARTICLE XIV
EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ARTS, CULTURE AND SPORTS
EDUCATION

SPORTS
Section 19. (1) The State shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league
competitions, and amateur sports, including training for international competitions, to foster self-
discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.
(2) All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in
cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-
republic-of-the-philippines-article-xiv/

It is therefore the hope of every educational institution that students get the maximum benefit from
their participation in their PE classes, not just to to complete and pass because these are required courses
for graduation, but because they understand the lifelong benefits of keeping an active lifestyle throughout
an individual’s lifetime.
 Remember this…

Physical Education plays an integral role in the Education system for reasons that it promotes a
holistic approach to the development of a human being encompassing all aspects such as the
physical, mental, social and even emotional. It is therefore important to note how education of the
physical nature in relation to knowledge and understanding of physical activity, exercise, physical
training and physical fitness can contribute to the life of an individual.

physical

PHYSICAL
mental EDUCATION
social

emotional

Source: Cando, J. (2016). Health Optimizing Physical Education for Senior High School. Mutya Publishing House Inc.
PAR-Q SURVEY: Using your MS Teams account, please answer the following questions as truthfully as
possible. This will allow the instructor to determine whether you are capable of performing all the practical
activities that are presented in this handout, or will need an assistance or certification from a medical doctor.

Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire

PAR-Q

For most people physical activity should not pose any problem or hazard. PAR-Q has been designed to
identify the small number of adults for whom physical activity might be inappropriate or those who should
have medical advice concerning the type of activity most suitable for them.

Common sense is your best guide in answering these few questions. Please read them carefully and check
the yes or no opposite the question if it applies to you

YES NO

1. Has your doctor ever said you have heart trouble?

2. Do you frequently have pains in your heart and chest?

3. Do you often feel faint or have spells of severe dizziness?

4. Has a doctor ever said your blood pressure was too high?

5. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a bone or joint problem such as arthritis
that has been aggravated by exercise, or might be made worse with exercise?

6. Is there a good physical reason not mentioned here why you should not follow an
activity program even if you wanted to?

7. Are you over age 65 and not accustomed to vigorous exercise?

If you answered YES to one or more questions...

if you have not recently done so, consult with your personal physician by telephone or in person before
increasing your physical activity and/or taking a fitness test. DO NOT FORGET to inform your instructor
of the items that you answered YES. This is to ensure that you will not be asked to perform activities that
you are not allowed to do so.

If you answered NO to all questions...

If you answered PAR-Q accurately, you have reasonable assurance of your present suitability for an
exercise test.
 DIAGNOSTIC ASSESSMENT

Prior to actual instruction, it is best to first assess your knowledge of the Philippine Games as a
course.

ACTIVITY 1: PRE-ASSESSMENT: This is to check your level of knowledge on concepts that are related
to Philippine Games. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MS TEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE ACCESS IN
ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 2: DIAGNOSTIC TEST: To gauge the extent to which you can perform the designed activities
set for this term, you are required to perform the following. Save the document in a pdf format and upload
just one file in MS Teams.

NOTE: Perform warm-up and stretching exercises ensuring that you start by slowly increasing your heart
rate followed by stretches of your muscles from neck to ankles.

MATERIALS NEEDED:

• Takyan
• Jumping Rope

A. Do the following:

TARGET NUMBER SUCCESSFUL REMARKS

ACTIVITY OF KICKS/JUMPS KICKS/JUMPS ACHIEVED or
EXECUTED NOT ACHIEVED

1. Sipa using your 20 continuous kicks

right or left hand
2. Sipa using your 20 continuous kicks
right or left foot
3. Jumping Rope 20 continuous jumps
(doing Normal jumps)
4. Jumping Rope 20 continuous kicks
(using one foot when
jumping)
FEEDBACK: In 2-3 sentences, kindly describe/share your experience in terms of how you felt
when you were doing the activities.

B. Please do not forget:

1. Hydrate yourself after completing the activities.
2. Perform your cool down stretching exercises after performing the abovementioned activities
(PAGE 2 of 2): DOCUMENTATION

NOTE: Scoresheet/submission becomes null and void if NO PHOTOS are attached as evidence of actual
performance, and tha

PHOTO 1 PHOTO 2

(Performing Sipa using your (Performing Sipa using your

right or left hand) right or left foot)

PHOTO 4
PHOTO 3
(Performing Jumping Rope
(Performing Jumping Rope
(using one foot when jumping –
(doing Normal jumps))
either right or left)
 TOPIC 2: NATURE; CHARACTER AND GAME-RELATED TERMS

This topic aims to achieve the following intended learning outcomes:

ILO1. Define games and other game-related terminologies.

ILO2. Discuss the Nature and Purpose of playing PH Games.
ILO3. Identify the Character and Roles in Philippine Games.
ILO4. Identify physical, mental, psychological, physiological, and social benefits of playing
Games.

There is no doubt that the Philippines is rich in culture and tradition. One of the most significant
aspects of the country’s culture and traditions is the traditional games in the Philippines. It is very popular
among children because these are the games or sports that they usually play, and that no Filipino who
grows up having no experience of these traditional games.

Piko, patintero, taguan, tumbang preso, siato, sipa and luksong tinik are some of the famous and
favorite traditional games in the Philippines. Kids gather in the streets or the neighborhood playground to
play these Pinoy games. They are popular and well-liked pastimes for many Filipinos, especially those of
previous generations.

Traditional Filipino Sports are games that are being played by Filipino kids with the use of native
materials and instruments. In spite of having a limited resource of toys, Filipinos don’t lose the joy of
childhood because of the games being developed by their Filipino ancestors. It proves that they were very
resourceful and creative in inventing the concept of “Larong Pinoy,” which is still alive up to this generation
even though the new and modern forms of entertainment such as computer and foreign games nowadays
have taken over the interests of the young. A majority of Filipino children still play the Filipino street games
in any part of the country, in urban and rural areas alike.

Games such as Patintero, Tumbang Preso, Piko, Sipa, Turumpo, and many others, are still greatly
alive and played daily in neighborhoods by children after school or during free time and weekends.

Filipinos should take care and value the essence of the Philippine culture and traditions and let it
be passed on from generation to generation.

NOTE:

The promotion of Philippine games through the encouragement of playing them in schools and
programs. House Bill 7103 Philippine Traditional Games and Sports Act by Rep. Raymond
Palatino aims to conserve, promote and protect the nation’s rich historical and cultural
heritage, particularly the traditional games and sports.

“PH GAME IS MORE THAN JUST A GAME; IT IS A VEHICLE TO INSTILL

PATRIOTISM AMONG THE NEW GENERATION.”

“IT'S MORE THAN JUST A GAME; IT IS A VEHICLE

TO INSTILL PATRIOTISM AMONG THE NEW GENERATION.”
 LARO NG LAHI / PHILLIPPNE TRADITIONAL GAMES

Laro ng Lahi is a cultural treasure (yaman ng lahi) cherished by generations of Filipinos. It favorite
past-time that is close to the hearts of Filipinos, encompassing generations --- from our grandparents, to
our parents, and among the youth & toddlers of today.

All games that are played in the Philippines, even if with foreign influences, are considered
Philippine games. However, not all recreation or play activities are considered Philippine games in the PE
sense. Games that can be played in the PE sense are those that have rules and have system of determining
a winner or loser. Games that can be played in a PE sense are games such as patintero, tumbang preso,
etc., while games that cannot be played in the PE sense are games such as bahay-bahayan, pabitin, etc.
Identification of games that can be played in the PE sense can be dependent on the teacher.

HOW CHILDREN LEARN TO PLAY PHILIPPINE GAMES?

Children learn to play games basically from other children (children of, more or less, the same
age group; children from their neighborhood; children in school). However, some of the games they may
know may be taught by their teachers.

ORIGIN OF PHILIPPINE GAMES

(Children’s Inventions and Modifications, Cultural Heritage, Foreign Influences)

Philippine games are basically children’s inventions. However, unlike modern sports, the
investors of games are not known. Nobody knows who invented “patintero” because nobody documented
who, where, when, and how it was invented. That is just not how games are.

Most of the games we know can be considered part of the cultural heritage, those that have been
played by many generations of Filipino children. However, some of the games we know have foreign
influences like batuhang bola/tamaang tao (dodgeball), Chinese garter, and etc. Since the Philippines has
been interacting with neighboring countries even before the Spaniards came, it is not unlikely that some of
the Philippine games we know have foreign influences. For the most part, some of the games with foreign
names like juego de prenda have distinct foreign influences. These games have been “indigenized” or
“Filipinized” that is why they can be and have been considered Philippine games.

REASON WHY CHILDREN PLAY GAMES

Children play games for several and/or different reasons:

1. Competition
2. Excitement
3. Pastime
4. Socialization/friendship
5. Challenge and etc.

Different children views playing games differently, others who are competitive may
 Importance and Various definition of Play

Play is important since it helps build confidence, ability to interact socially and, gain empathy for others.
Interaction in active play allows children to engage in higher level or elaborated play schemes and
movement with peers and are more likely to use verbal communication compared to children who engage
in inactive play or those who have not much contact with peers during play time (Gorin & Steffens,
1997).

Play is in line with the sociocultural theory of Vygotsky, stressing that for cognitive development to occur,
the child should be socially mediated, interacting with a knowledgeable or skillful partner, either an adult
or a more competent peer (Bovey & Strain, 2003).

Peer Interaction during play includes behaviors like comforting and helping other children, showing
fairness (including sharing and taking turns), listening to comments and suggestions of others, joining the
play themes of other children, using language and physical behavior, disagreeing without fighting,
directing others’ actions politely, showing creativity in play, encouraging others to join play, and showing
positive emotion during play like smiling or laughing; and for some children there is disruptive behavior
and non-participation (Bovery & Strain 2003; Fantuzzo & Hampton, 2000).

Paly involves exposure to opinions and feedback from other children, and recognizing and respecting
feelings and ideas of other children (Australian Government Department of Education, 2009).

On the contrary, absence of positive social interactions in childhood is linked to negative consequences
later in life, such as withdrawal, loneliness, depression, and feelings of anxiety. In addition, low
acceptance by peers in the early years is a predictor of grade retention, school dropout, and mental
health and behavior problems (Ladd, 1999).

Characters and Roles in Philippine Games

(Taya or It, Pain or Target, Sakripays)

Certain Philippine Games entail the playing of roles. These roles vary in objectives and at times in
movements and skill levels. Games that involve these roles are usually tagging or chasing games wherein
play a specific role and interchange roles instantaneously. Games like habulan, tumbang preso, tagu-
taguan, Pepsi 7-up, etc are examples. In games such as these, skill levels of players are important to make
the game more enjoyable. If the it or taya has no difficulty tagging pain or target, the chasing and tagging
will not be boring,

However, if the it or taya has difficulty doing so and has been the it or taya for some time, some
more skilled players at times intentionally get themselves tagged to become the next it or taya. They
therefore sacrifice their life in the game, thus become sakripays.

There are also games wherein roles change within given specifications such as eliminating one or
all players. Such games include patintero, luksong tinik, luksong baka, batuhang bola/ amaang tao/Pinoy
dodgeball, etc.

Taya or It – the player who chases other players in an attempt to “tag” and mark them out of play or be
the next “taya”

Pain or Target – the players who are the target of the it to be the next it or “taya”

Sacrifice or Sakripays – the person or player who intentionally get themselves tagged to be the next it or
“taya”
ACTIVITY 3: ESSAY QUESTION: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MS TEAM ACCOUNT TO HAVE
ACCESS IN ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 4: IDENTIFICATION: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MSTEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE ACCESS

IN ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

TOPIC 3: GUIDELINES FOR HEALTHY EATING

This topic aims to achieve the following intended learning outcome:

ILO1. Discuss the benefits and importance of following healthy eating.

Eating healthy entails adopting a healthy eating pattern that includes a variety of nutritional meals
and beverages. It also involves getting the correct number of calories for you, not eating too much or too
little. It protects you against a wide range of chronic noncommunicable diseases, including heart disease,
diabetes, and cancer. Eating a variety of foods and consuming less sodium, sweets, saturated and
industrially generated trans fats are crucial for a balanced diet.

Healthy food is defined as food that has the appropriate amount of nutrients to maintain our bodies
fit. To stay active, we need to eat healthy foods. Furthermore, contrary to popular belief, nutritious food is
also incredibly tasty. Nowadays, more than ever, children must consume nutritious foods.

Benefits of Eating Healthy

1. It could help you live a longer life.

2. Maintains the health of the skin, teeth, and eyes.
3. Muscle support.
4. Immune system booster.
5. Bones are strengthened.
6. Reduces the risk of heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain malignancies.
7. Encourages healthy pregnancy and nursing.
8. Aids in the proper functioning of the digestive system
9. Aids in the attainment and maintenance of a healthy weight
Source: https://www.cdc.gov/nutrition/resources-publications/benefits-of-healthy-eating.html

Tips for Healthy Eating

1. Consume smaller meals throughout the day.

Begin your day with a healthy breakfast that includes protein, healthy fat, and fiber. Many studies have
connected eating breakfast to improved memory and focus, as well as a lower risk of heart disease, obesity,
and diabetes.

2. Consume unprocessed plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.
This will provide fiber to your diet, which helps maintain gut health, decreases cholesterol levels, controls
blood sugar levels, and benefits in weight loss. It can also reduce inflammation.

3. Reduce your intake of processed foods.

Blood sugar surges can be caused by sweets, foods manufactured with highly refined carbohydrates such
as white bread and white rice, and sugar-sweetened beverages. Diabetes, obesity, and heart disease can
all be caused by high blood sugar levels.

4. Incorporate additional fruits and veggies into your diet to brighten it up.
Make at least half of your plate veggies, with a daily aim of five servings of fruits and vegetables. Don't be
hesitant to experiment with new cuisine. You might find something new to enjoy.

5. Select slimmer cuts of meat and pork, consume chicken without the skin, and eat more seafood.
Limit your servings and let the vegetables shine. At least once a week, try to have a vegetarian meal.

6. You should cook your own meals at home.

This gives you more control over the components and allows you to consume less sodium and processed
foods. You may also give yourself smaller servings and save the leftovers for lunch the next day, which will
save you money as well.

Source: https://www.conehealth.com/services/nutrition-counseling/6-tips-for-healthy-eating/

Dietary Goals and Guidelines

A healthy diet may aid in the prevention of illnesses and diseases such as liver disease, diabetes, and heart
disease. Dietary guidelines serve as the foundation for developing recommendations for healthy eating
habits that link nutrients to food intakes and maintain overall dietary quality for health. Setting dietary goals
is important because your diet influences your health and well-being more than any other changeable
lifestyle element in your life.

1. Increase your intake of fruits and vegetables.

How many fruits and vegetables you should eat depends on how many calories you consume during the
day. According to research, if you follow a 2,000-calorie diet, you should aim for two and a half cups of
veggies and two cups of fruit every day. This should rise or fall depending on whether you consume more
or less. The fiber in fruits and vegetables may help protect against some diseases and cancers.
Furthermore, fruits and vegetables are high in vitamins and minerals that your body requires.

2. Watch your sugar consumption.

Refined sugar, which is not obtained from whole foods, is linked to ailments such as liver disease, heart
disease, obesity, and diabetes. Refined sugars can sneak up on you when you least expect it, which is why
it's critical to learn how to spot them on nutrition labels.

3. Reduce your salt intake.

Salt, commonly known as sodium, can elevate blood pressure and have other negative effects if ingested
in excess. Those with liver disease should reduce their sodium intake, and those with cirrhosis should avoid
it entirely. Limiting salt intake to fewer than 5 g per day helps prevent hypertension and lowers the risk of
heart disease and stroke in adults.

4. Reduce your intake of unhealthy fats.

There are good and harmful fats in the foods we eat. Both of these can raise the risk of heart disease,
cause artery clogging, and raise cholesterol levels. Vegetable oils and animal items including high-fat dairy,
eggs, and meat contain saturated fats. It is more solid than trans fats.

5. Increase your consumption of whole grains.

Change your diet by replacing white bread with whole wheat bread and white rice with brown rice. You can
also have unsweetened cereal for breakfast.

6. You should not be thirsty.

Drink plenty of water throughout the day to stay hydrated. Hydration is critical for your body to function
correctly. Water aids in the removal of pollutants, the maintenance of body temperature, and the lubrication
of joints.

7. Make your meals.

Meal planning can save you a lot of time, money, and calories. Picking up a meal on the go may appear to
be a quick and easy option, but you never know what's in them if you don't prepare them ahead of time.
 8. Take note of nutrition labels.
Nutrition labels might be challenging to comprehend. As previously stated, learning about nutrition labels
can be really advantageous. Check out our guide to understanding nutrition labels.

9. Avoid skipping meals.

Breakfast is frequently skipped, despite being one of the most important meals of the day.

10. Keep your portions in check.

Although large quantities may seem generous, the calories add up. Check food labels twice because most
serving sizes are for less than what is in the package, so you may need to multiply the calories, fat, salt,
and so on.

Source: https://www.amsety.com/livermatters/healthy-habits/10-guidelines-healthy-eating/

ACTIVITY 5: IDENTIFICATION: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MSTEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE ACCESS

IN ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 6: PRELIM EXAMINATION (SIPA CHALLENGE)

TOPIC 4: GAME ELEMETS AND PRELIMINARIES

This topic aims to achieve the following intended learning outcomes:

ILO1. Define the preliminaries of the game.

ILO2. Identify the various game elements and different Game Formations.

GAME PRELIMINARIES

(Kampihan or Groupings; Manuhan or Taking Turns)

Before game proper, preliminaries are necessary. All games are started by a procedure undertaken
by the players themselves. The procedures may differ but all of them are called “manuhan”.

“Manuhan” may be done in different ways. Here are some of them:

Manuhan or Taking turns is another game preliminary wherein individual, pairs, or groups
determine order of turns. This can be done through volunteering, bato-bato-pick or jack ‘en poy, or based
on game mechanics like in piko.

This can be done using sing songs like Minnie Minnie or other ways like bato-bato-pick or jack en
poy, pongpyang or maiba alis, bilangan or count and, etc. These work for games that are dual or group.
For individual games or games with it or “taya”, nomination of it or “taya” through volunteering, calling out,
and the like can be used.
1. SELECTING LEADER – special qualities are generally needed in persons who are to be leaders or
captains.

2. CHOOSING SIDES – in team competitions, the players are divided into two or more opposing teams
or group.

3. CHOOSING “IT” OR “TAYA”:

➢ Bunutan – Players may use any of the following: straw or broomsticks, whichever is chosen is cut
into several pieces equal to the number of players, the pieces should be in different lengths. one
player holds all the pieces of straw in his closed fist, with only the top end showing, each of the
players pulls out a straw, the straws are compared and the player who draws the shortest is
declared it.

➢ Tao o Ibon – Two players get a coin and one selects “tao” and the other “ibon”, one player flips the
coin in the air and as it falls on the floor, he covers it with a hand, both players then check which
face of the coin is up, the player who chooses that face of the coin wins and the other become the
it

➢ Tihaya o Taob – Each of the two players chooses a side of a wooden shoe or slippers before
tossing it in the air, the player who chose correctly the side that faces up when the shoe lands get
to play first, the player who chose the side that faces down loses and becomes the it

➢ Gansal o Pares – One player picks up the grasps in one hand as many tokens as he can hold, he
then asks his opponent to guess whether their total number is an odd or even, if the guess is
correct, he wins the right to start the game and the player holding the tokens becomes the it

➢ Kaliwa o Kanan – One player picks up a token and secretly shifts it repeatedly from the left to the
right hand behind his back, he then brings down his closed fists in front of the other player asking
the latter to guess which fist contains the token, if the opponent guesses correctly, he wins and the
one holding the token becomes it

➢ Jack ‘en poy – This is a finger flashing method of selecting an it

➢ Toe-line – Each player throws his “pamato” from a certain point agreed upon at the beginning of
the game towards the toe-line. Whoever is the nearest to the toe-line plays first.

ELEMENTS OF A GAME

The elements of a game include:

1. OBJECTIVES:
An aim, a goal or a purpose to be achieved. All games have goals, or objectives. Objectives give
something for the player to strive for. They define what players are expected to accomplish within the
rules that define the structure and boundaries of the game.

Examples: To score higher than the opponent, to prevent opponents from moving forward, etc),

2. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT
Material games make particular use of physical items as a part of the play.
Types of materials include:
Dice: Rolling dice to determine move steps or game points.
Cards: Drawing or dealing cards to provide a base or extension of play.
Boards: Designed playing spaces.
Markers: Items that represent players or other objects and are used to mark physical position.
Valuables: Items that represent value, such as money and sale-able artefacts.
Objects: Things that may be used in various rule-bound ways, such as balls, sticks and so on.
Construction: Using materials to build things.

When we see and touch material items, we form an association or bond with them, which impacts our need
for a sense of identity. It may hence be easier for some people to feel greater ownership within material
games, which in turn can lead to greater pleasure and longer game-play.

Players can interact in all kinds of physical ways with material items, and all kinds of verbs may be used to
describe this interaction, such as holding, consuming, breaking, drawing, showing, shaping, throwing,
spinning, giving and so on.

Games of chance often use material items that the players manipulate, such as dice or cards. The physical
movement of these often gives players a false sense of control that makes the game more enjoyable than
if the random event was determined in an unknown way (such as random number generation on a
computer).

3. NUMBER OF TEAMS AND/OR PLAYERS:

The number of teams and/or players playing in a game.

Example: A game of Basketball is played with two (2) teams, with five (5) players from each team on the
court at one time (that means 10 playing at one time).

4. MECHANICS/RULES:
Game mechanics are the rules that guide the player's moves or actions, as well as the game's response
to them. A game's mechanics thus effectively specifies how the game will work for the people who play it.

Examples:

1. movement of players – running, walking, etc;

2. (movement is only inside the playing area, no use of free hand, etc).
3. eliminating opponents – tagging, etc;
4. how to score points/how to win – tagging, reaching a certain number of points)

Some of the games are modified by children depending on its applicability. Game elements like
mechanics, materials/equipment, player movements, playing area, scoring system, determining of winners,
etc can be modified to suit the players. At times, modified versions of games are the ones played.

GAME MODIFICATION

(Why and When to Modify Philippine Games; Changing Elements in Philippine Games)

Modifying Philippine Games is not a sin. If games are to become effective, they need to be able to
involve all students whether able-bodied or with disabilities. If a game is not appropriate for a single player,
it is worth examining and altering to accommodate that player. Games are for everyone, but not all games
– at least not in their “traditional” configuration. You can modify any game to include anyone, obliging a
wide spectrum of abilities, needs, etc.
 You can also change games to increase the level of excitement and to challenge players (e.g.,
having more it or taya in habulan); to accommodate all players or to eliminate idleness (e.g., tagged players
in patintero become opponents or taggers instead of sitting out); to apply more appropriate and/or dynamic
mechanics if original ones do not work effectively; and to combine aspects of other games.

To modify games, select one or more components of the game to modify or change. You can
change the number of players (e.g., increasing the number of taggers in habulan), movement of players
(e.g., skipping or hopping instead of just running in habulan), rules of the game (e.g., including gapang
in patintero), materials (e.g., using a bigger ball in batuhang bola/tamaang tao/Pinoy dodgeball), and etc.

When you have modified the game element/s, try them out. Modify other components if necessary.

HEALTH BENEFITS AND ADVANTAGES OF PLAYING PHYSICAL GAMES

What can we get in playing Larong Lahi? When we are playing traditional Filipino games, we are
doing many things.

1. Heart and circulatory system: Regular exercise or playing healthy games makes the heart muscles
stronger and more efficient. The heart-beats of an athlete do not increase appreciably even when doing
something requiring physical exertion, and revert very soon to the normal rate afterwards. In contrast,
even a little exertion sends the pulse rate of a sedentary individual rocketing up, and it takes time for the
heart to settle down to its normal rate of beating. The blood vessels dilate during exercise, and so more
blood reaches the muscles. It has been found that during vigorous or rapid exercise, the blood circulation
in certain muscles and organs increases 25 to 30 times, thus supplying the muscles and organs with
more oxygen and a larger number of red blood corpuscles.

2. The respiratory system: Breathing becomes not only more rapid, but also deeper, thus making
increased quantities of oxygen available.

3. The musculature: Healthy Games strengthens the muscles, promotes their development and
increases their efficiency. Stronger muscles lend better support to the joints.

4. The skin: The pores of the skin open up during exercise. The result is a healthier skin, because of
more efficient disposal of impurities and dirt.

5. Temperature of the body: The temperature of the body rises during playing. This promotes the
burning up of the toxic substances in the body.

In short, all the systems of the body derive invaluable benefits from playing healthy games or
exercise.
Source: http://laronglahiahealthierlifestyle.blogspot.com/2017/10/larong-lahi-healthier-lifestyle-for.html

Psychological Benefits of Physical Activity

a. improves health-related quality of life

b. improves one’s mood
c. alleviates symptoms associated with mild depression
d. reduces anxiety
e. aids in managing stress
f. enhances self-concept, self-esteem, self-efficacy and self-confidence
g. offers opportunities for affiliation with others
h. offers opportunities to experience “peak” moments
i. provides creation and a change of pace
j. offers creative and aesthetic experiences
k. increasing recognition of physical activity as therapeutic modality
l. exercise and adherence

ACTIVITY 7: IDENTIFICATION. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MOODLE/MSTEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE

ACCESS IN ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 8: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MOODLE/MSTEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE ACCESS IN

ANSWERING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 9: MNEMONICS. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MOODLE/MSTEAMS ACCOUNT TO HAVE

ACCESS IN DOING THIS ACTIVITY.

TOPIC 5: GAME CLASSIFICATION AND SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

This topic aims to achieve the following intended learning outcomes:

ILO1. Demonstrate stretching exercises.

ILO2. Classify the type of games in terms of the game components.
ILO3. Create and execute Philippine Games guided by Game Journal/monitoring table.
ILO4. Explain the game mechanism.

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

Playing sports is a lot of fun. Getting hurt is not. Take these five steps to prevent injuries so you
can stay in the game:

1. Warm-up and stretch before playing games

2. Wear appropriate playing attire
3. Check and prepare the materials/equipment
4. Know the rules of the game
5. Remember to hydrate
6. Make rest a priority
7. Watch out for others
8. Check the weather
9. Don’t played when you’re injured

Let's find out more about each of these.

Warm Up and Stretch before playing games
It's not a good idea to just bolt on to the field and start playing. You shouldn't even start stretching until
you're a little warmed up. Before an activity, you need to stretch your muscles to avoid injury. Stretching
before practice and games can release muscle tension and help prevent game-related injuries. So, take a
light jog to get loosened up and ready to play.

Wear Appropriate Attire

You must wear your proper attire comfortable enough so you can move freely and at ease. Use
appropriate and properly-fitted sports gear to prevent or reduce the severity of injuries.

Check and Prepare the Materials/Equipment

These must be checked if they are free from wear and are still safe to use.

Know the Rules of the Game/s

When players know the rules of the game — what's legal and what's not — fewer injuries happen. You
and the other players know what to expect from each other. For instance, you know that in “patintero” it’s
not the “taya” or it that you are going to hit and knock down using the pamato but the empty can instead.

Remember to Hydrate
Make sure to have a water bottle and make it a habit stay well-hydrated by drinking plenty of water
before, during and after play.

Make Rest a Priority

To help avoid overuse injury, players should take breaks during games. Always listen to your body
signals!

Watch Out for Others

Some rules don't have anything to do with scoring points or penalties. Some rules are just about
protecting other people and being courteous.

One way you can watch out for others is to communicate on the field. For instance, a baseball player in
the outfield might yell "I got it" to avoid a collision with another outfielder.

Check the Weather

Check if the weather could affect the activity. If it’s raining, better do it indoors. It is too sunny, put anti-
ultraviolet lotion on your skin. Apply insect-repellant lotion.

Don't Play When You're Injured

This is a really important one. If you love playing games or sports, it's tempting to get right back in the
game, even after an injury. But playing when you're hurt — or before an injury has had a chance to fully
heal — is a bad idea. It can lead to an even worse injury. Physical activities might give you rather than
long time health benefit if you have health problems.

Now you know what players need to know about staying safe. Hopefully, if you follow rules, 1 to 8
then you won't need number 9. Or at least not quite as often!
 DIFFERENT GAME FORMATIONS

A. Relay Formation of Teams for sprint and relays

B. Circle Formation
C. Double Circle Formation,
D. Facing partner
E. File or Column Formation
F. Zigzag Formation

ACTIVITY 10. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MOODLE/MSTEAMS ACCOUNT

TO HAVE ACCESS IN DOING THE TASK.

GAME CLASSIFICATION

Typology of Philippine games can be based on various games literature. However, a common
typology can be based movement of players (locomotor or stationery), organization of players (individual,
dual/pair, group), nature of game (combative/mock war, manipulative, socio-dramatic, creative). Game
can be grouped in many more types but the ones used are fairly straightforward.

Games Played Individually

Why there are only few games played individually?

The Main reason why there are only few games that are Played individually because Filipino's are
born sociable and most of kids like to show off their skills and want to play with their friends. Most of the
Traditional Games in the Philippines requires 2 or more players but there are some special cases - such as
the child is ill or their parent do not want them to go out and play so the children try to develop such games
to lessen their boredom at home.
http://larong-pinoy.weebly.com/played-individually.html

In this section. We will try to discover what are the common games played
individually, naturally these games can be played alone but it can also be played by two or groups. This
kind of games are normally played when you are bored or you're doing nothing at all.

1. Turumpo (top) - This is a popular game throughout the country. Each province has its own shape
and style of top but the most beautiful and biggest are those found among the Maranao of Mindanao. The
game is done with ordinary skill in order to manipulate the top. The top is usually made of soft wood for
those used in regular games and hardwood for heavy competition. The top is played by winding the meter-
long string around the top. The top is held between two fingers and the thumb and thrown to the ground.

2. Yoyo - According to early researchers and documents, this particular piece of instrument was not
intended for game purposes but as instrument in hunting or capturing animals and as self-defense.
Presently, yoyo is made of wood and acrylic plastic though before it was made of carabao horn, ivory, silver,
and even gold.

3. Sipa - This is a common game that requires kicking skills and stamina in the sense that you need to kick
the heavy, small and colorful things constantly and it should not reach the ground. This game is nice so you
can lessen your boredom.
4. Saranggola - Kite (saranggola) flying and kite fighting also used to be a favorite among the youth. Kite
fighting or “kolyahan ng saranggola” is considered one of the oldest games in the Philippines, according to
anthropologist Artemio C. Barbosa via the National Commission for Culture and the Arts in 2003. In this
particular game, players would attempt to inflict damage on their opponents’ kites by coating their kites’
strings with finely pounded powdered glass. A player loses if his or her kite gets damaged and falls to the
ground.

GAMES PL AYED INDIVIDUALLY

ACTIVITY 11. GAME CLASSIFICATION. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR MOODLE/MSTEAMS ACCOUNT

TO HAVE ACCESS IN DOING THIS ACTIVITY.

ACTIVITY 12: STRETCHES. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE
CONDUCT OF THIS PRACTICAL ACTIVITY

Activity 13: Midterm Examination (Topics 1- 4)

TIMED QUIZ IN MOODLE/MSTEAM

Games Played by Group

Filipinos want many playmates; they say that the more the merrier.

Filipinos are festive people. They love doing things with friends, relatives and neighbors in a joyful
mood. This is the reason why Philippine traditional games are enjoyed not only by young people but also by
adults. In this section, you will see the different Traditional Filipino games played by group.

NOTE: The title of the game may differ from one region to another but the same mechanics are used.
 GAMES PLAYED BY PAIR OR BY GROUP

1. Agawang Base

Agawan Base literally means "capturing base". It is played by two teams each team. The more
players the merrier. This game is usually played in an open space since this game involves running,
chasing, or tagging, and accidental falling is inevitable.

2. Batohang Bola

Dodgeball or Batuhang Bola is a game in which players on two teams try to throw balls at each
other while avoiding being hit themselves

3. Berong-berong

Running and having someone who's "it" are always part of the mechanics. The twist is that once
you get tagged, instead of switching roles, you hold hands and you are now both "it". You can't let go
once the chain is established. Also, the only ones that can actually tag people are the ones who are at the
end of the chain.

4. Cath the Dragon’s Tail

The players all form a line with their hands on the shoulders of the child in front. The first in line is
the dragon's head, the last in line is the dragon's tail.

5. Chinese garter

Players of Chinese garter are also divided in two teams or more. The it or taya are two players
who serve as posts and hold up the garter by looping it around their ankles for the other team’s players to
jump over. The garter is gradually raised as the levels increase, and similar to luksong tinik, a “mother” or
leader can save one of her players when they fail to jump over the garter.

6. Holen

Derived from the phrase "hole in," this game involves players who hold the ball called holen in
their hand then throw it to hit the players ball out of the playing area. Holen is called marble in USA.

7. Human Knot (Dr. Kwak-kwak)

A a popular game played mostly by Filipino children. It first involves one player being chosen as
'Doktor Kwak Kwak' either by 'jack en poy', "bato, bato, pik", or some other method. After the chosen is
determined, he/she will turn around and look away from the remaining players. The rest of the players will
then form a circle, hold each other’s' hands, and move over or under each other to 'entangle' the circle
formed. To start a round, the player chosen as 'Doktor Kwak Kwak' will then turn around facing the
'tangled' circle of players and then start to 'untangle' them all by himself/herself.

8. Ice water

Ice water is a game of tag with a twist. A regular game of tag usually has one person as “it” or
taya who chases others until they are able to tag someone else. In ice water, however, the “it” tags the
others to freeze them. Players who have been tagged can be “unfrozen” by other players, by tapping
them and shouting “water!” The game ends when the taya is able to freeze all of the players. Once this is
done, everyone yells “viva!” followed by an action, usually by sitting on the ground. The last one to sit
becomes the next taya.

9. Kadang-kadang/Tiayakad

Kadang-kadang which also means “simple play” is an outdoor game that is played using a
bamboo stilt or a coconut shell.

10. Langit-lupa

Is langit-lupa even langit-lupa without its ever so morbid song?

“Langit, lupa, impyerno, im-im-impyerno, saksak puso, tulo ang dugo, patay, buhay, a—–lis!”

It is almost worrying to hear a group of children in the street singing such, but don’t be alarmed.
The game itself isn’t as disturbing as it sounds and can be considered as a variation of the game of tag.
Any elevated surface can be langit or heaven, where players can clamber onto for safety while the “it”
or taya chases them. Players can only be tagged when they are running on the ground or lupa. Once
tagged, the person replaces the taya and goes on to chase the others.

11. Luksong baka

It is similar to luksong tinik, but instead of the taya sitting on the ground, one of them crouches or
bends over like a cow. The players from the opposing team must jump over without touching the hurdle
with any part of their body, except their hands which they can use to spring or vault off the hurdle.

12. Luksong Lubid

The game is played with 2 players holding the rope on each end and make circular movement
where other players must jump within without touching any part of the rope .A very common outdoor
game when the weather is good and indoors during the rainy season.

13. Luksong tinik

This is a game wherein players are divided in groups of two. The taya are two players who sit on
the ground facing each other. The taya stack their hands and feet on top of each other, forming tinik or
“thorns” while players from the opposing team attempt to jump over them without touching the hurdle. If a
player fails to do this, the group’s leader, called the “mother,” can step in and do the hurdle in order to
save them.

14. Patintero

This game is made up of two groups of equal players — the blockers and the runners. The game
is simple: the blockers must try their best to tag the runners without going over the lines they are tasked
to guard. The runners, meanwhile, must be able to pass through the blockers and get to the other end
unscathed.

15. Pusa at Aso

A large circle is marked on the ground or floor. At the center of the circle are sticks, slippers, and
other objects which represent the "bones". One player is chosen as the aso ("dog") and stays inside the
circle guarding the "bones". The other players, who are the pusa ("cats"), stay outside the circle. The
goal of the "cats" is to take the "bone" from the "dog" without being tagged or touched by him. The "dog"
may tag the "cats" with his feet or his hands, but he must remain seated by the "bones."

16. Slipper Games

Slipper Box

A slipper game in which players (it) try to throw slipper to their opponents. The opponents well try to form
a box with the use of slippers.

Slipper Game similar to baseball or kickball

1. The player who will play the game must kick the throwing slipper by the opponent player
2. The opponent team must catch the slipper from the performer player of the other team to take the
place.
3. If all the player of performed team who kicked the slipper without catches by the enemy, they shall gain
1 point.

17. Taguan

The local version of hide-and-seek is one of the most popular games there is and can be played
inside or outdoors. Although wedging oneself in the tightest nooks and crannies to hide has almost
become a skill in itself for some kids, playing taguan outside of the house at twilight elevates the game to
a more thrilling experience.

18. Siato

A popular Filipino game between two or more players. Two sticks are used to play this game.
One is about two feet long, and the other one about half a foot long. A small hole in the ground is made
where the smaller stick will be placed with one end at the bottom and the other end sticking out.

19. Tumbang Preso

Tumbang preso ("knock down the prisoner"), also known as tumba lata ("knock down the can")
or bato lata ("hit the can [with a slipper or stone]).

20. Culliot

The Filipino version of tug-of war wherein the objective of the game is to pull the rival
team over a borderline. A rope is used and tied on their waist for both teams to pull to show
which squad has more strength.

ACTIVITIES 14-17: GAMES PLAYED BY GROUP. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF THIS PRACTICAL ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 18: PRE-FINAL EXAMINATION

ACTIVITIES 19-20: GAMES PLAYED BY GROUP. PLEASE REFER TO YOUR INSTRUCTOR’S
ANNOUNCEMENT FOR THE CONDUCT OF THIS PRACTICAL ACTIVITY.

Activity 21: Final Examination

Culminating Activity and Reflection

You have finally come to the end of this PE course for this term. You have read, understood, learned and
performed. You were able to sweat it all out! And those sweat means that you have indeed stretched and
strengthened those muscles and made improvements, physically and mentally. You are expected and
believed to be more inspired and dedicated to maintaining a fitness level that would be beneficial to you
today and in the future. Hence, before you end PH Games, kindly evaluate your own effort and performance
in this entire semester. Reflect on your own feelings, expectations and motivation or inspiration.

REFLECTION. In 7-10 sentences, share your fitness journey, the ones that challenged and inspired you to
have the fitness level that you have in this semester.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

“The choice to be fit or unfit is everyone’s business.” – JMDCando

“Always give your body a favor.” -- DOCimafranca

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of Republic Act (RA) 8293 or the “Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines”.

The University does not authorize you to reproduce or communicate this material. The Material may contain works that are subject
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Do not remove this notice.

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