University of Anbar Lab.
Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
Experiment No.14
The Parallel RLC Resonance Circuit
Object
To perform be familiar with The Parallel RLC Resonance Circuit and their
laws.
Theory
the analysis of a parallel RLC circuits can be a little more mathematically
difficult than for series RLC circuits so in this tutorial about parallel RLC circuits
only pure components are assumed in this tutorial to keep things simple.
This time instead of the current being common to the circuit components, the
applied voltage is now common to all so we need to find the individual branch
currents through each element. The total impedance, Z of a parallel RLC circuit
is calculated using the current of the circuit similar to that for a DC parallel
circuit, the difference this time is that admittance is used instead of impedance.
Consider the parallel RLC circuit illustrated in Figure 1. The AC voltage source
is
( )
1
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
Figure 1. Parallel RLC circuit.
Unlike the series RLC circuit, the instantaneous voltages across all three circuit
elements R, L, and C are the same, and each voltage is in phase with the current
through the resistor. However, the currents through each element will be
different.
The current in the resistor is
......................(1)
where The voltage across the inductor is
...........................(2)
which gives
...(3)
where and is the inductive reactance.
Similarly, the voltage across the capacitor is ( ) ( ) , which
implies
....(4)
2
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
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College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
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where and is the capacitive reactance.
Using Kirchhoff’s junction rule, the total current in the circuit is simply the sum
of all three currents.
.......(5)
The currents can be represented with the phasor diagram shown in Figure .2
Figure .2 Phasor diagram for the parallel RLC circuit
From the phasor diagram, we see that
.......................................(6)
and the maximum amplitude of the total current, , can be obtained as
3
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
.......(7)
Note however, since ( ), ( ) and ( )are not in phase with one another, is
not equal to the sum of the maximum amplitudes of the three currents:
......................................(8)
With the (inverse) impedance of the circuit is given by
..............(9)
The relationship between Z, R, and is shown in Figure .3
Figure .3 Relationship between Z, R, and in a parallel RLC circuit.
From the figure or the phasor diagram shown in Figure .2, we see that the phase
can be obtained as
4
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
.....(10)
The resonance condition for the parallel RLC circuit is given by , which
implies
............................................(11)
The resonant frequency is
..............................................(12)
which is the same as for the series RLC circuit. From Eq. (9), we readily see that
1/Z is minimum (or Z is maximum) at resonance. The current in the inductor
exactly cancels out the current in the capacitor, so that the total current in the
circuit reaches a minimum, and is equal to the current in the resistor:
..............................................(13)
As in the series RLC circuit, power is dissipated only through the resistor. The
average power is
.....(14)
5
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
Thus, the power factor in this case is
..(15)
Procedure
1. Connect the resistance and inductance in series as shown in Fig.6
Fig.4
2. Adjust the function generator to 200 Hz, 10 V and 50% duty cycle.
3. Select sine, waveform, turn the circuit ON for about 50 ms then turn it OFF.
4. Measure the phase shift between the current I and the input voltage V using
oscilloscope.
5. Draw the result of the display graph.
6. Draw the Phasor diagram
Resonance
1. Connect the circuit as shown in Fig. (5).
6
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
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College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
2. Set the voltmeter to 6 Vrms.
3. Select sine waveform; vary the oscillator from 14 kHz to 17 KHz in steps of
0.5 kHz.
4. Record the reading of the voltmeter at each step as in table (1)
5. Evaluate the impedance of the circuit at each step.
6. Plot a graph of XL, and Xc w.r.t. of frequency
7. Plot a graph of impedance w.r.t. of frequency
8. Determine the value of the impedance at the resonant frequoncy.
9. Compare the value of the resonant frequency to the theoretical value.
Fig. (5).
Frequency(kHz) (A)
table (1)
7
University of Anbar Lab. Name: :fundamental of Electric
circuit
College of Engineering
Experiment no.:
Dept. of Electrical Engineering Lab. Supervisor:
Discussion
1. Can we obtain a plot of XL, against frequency f experimentally?
2. Explain why Phasor and impedance diagrams have the same angles.
3. What is the value of Phasor shift if R= 300Ω L= 400mH with f=50Hz. Discuss
the increase or decrease in the phase shift.
