Scribd
Upload
8 views7 pages

Final Lect 2

Uploaded by

Ammar Khaggah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
8 views7 pages

Final Lect 2

Uploaded by

Ammar Khaggah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Migration to Object Oriented platforms

The migration process is denoted by a sequence of transformations that


alter the state of the system being reengineered. A Markov model
approach and the Viterbi algorithm are used to identify the optimal
sequence of transformations that can be applied at any given state of
the migration process.
Migrating to an Object-Oriented (OO) platform involves transitioning from a
non-OO system (e.g., procedural, legacy mainframe, or structured programming
systems) to a system based on Object-Oriented principles. This migration is
usually driven by the need for better modularity, maintainability, scalability,
and reusability of code. Below is a detailed explanation of the process:

Key Concepts in Object-Oriented Platforms


1. Encapsulation: Bundling data (attributes) and methods (functions)
together in classes.
2. Inheritance: Enabling new classes to inherit properties and methods
from existing classes.
3. Polymorphism: Allowing methods to perform different actions based on
the object context.
4. Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and exposing only
the necessary parts.

Steps in the Migration Process


1. Assessment and Planning
 Evaluate Current System:
o Analyze the architecture of the existing system.
o Identify procedural code structures, dependencies, and tightly
coupled components.
o Assess the system’s scalability, maintainability, and performance
issues.
 Define Objectives:
o Understand why OO is necessary for the system.
o Set clear goals like improving modularity, enabling reuse, or
adopting modern technologies.
 Stakeholder Involvement:
o Engage developers, business analysts, and users to understand
requirements and constraints.
2. Training and Skill Development
 Train the team on OO principles, programming languages (e.g., Java,
Python, C++), and design patterns.
 Familiarize the team with OO analysis and design tools, such as UML
(Unified Modeling Language).
3. Architectural Redesign
 Identify Key Components:
o Break the system into logical components that align with OO
principles (e.g., entities, services, utilities).
 Define Classes:
o Identify real-world entities and map them to classes with attributes
and methods.
o Use abstraction to define interfaces and base classes.
 Refactor Legacy Code:
o Gradually encapsulate data and related procedures into classes.
o Replace global variables with class properties.
 Implement Design Patterns:
o Use established design patterns (e.g., Factory, Singleton, Observer)
to structure components effectively.
4. Data Migration
 Analyze and model data structures to fit OO design.
 Use Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tools (e.g., Hibernate for Java,
SQLAlchemy for Python) to map database tables to classes.
 Migrate procedural data access layers to object-oriented ones.
5. Code Conversion
 Modularize Code:
o Identify reusable components and refactor them into classes.
 Encapsulate Functions:
o Group related functions into methods within appropriate classes.
 Implement Inheritance:
o Refactor common functionality into base classes and extend them
in derived classes.
 Test During Conversion:
o Perform unit testing for each refactored module to ensure
functionality remains intact.
6. Integration
 Integrate new OO modules with the rest of the system.
 Use wrappers or adapters to interface OO components with non-OO parts
during the transition.
7. Testing
 Perform rigorous testing, including:
o Unit Testing: Test individual classes and methods.
o Integration Testing: Verify interaction between OO and non-OO
modules.
o Regression Testing: Ensure the new system doesn’t break existing
functionality.
8. Deployment and Rollout
 Deploy the OO-based system in phases to reduce risks.
 Monitor performance and resolve any issues that arise.

9. Continuous Maintenance and Improvement

 Refactor code regularly to maintain OO principles.


 Incorporate new OO features or best practices as technologies evolve.

Challenges in Migration

 Complexity: Large systems require careful planning to avoid disruptions.


 Performance Overheads: Initial OO designs might introduce overhead
compared to procedural approaches.
 Learning Curve: Developers need time to adapt to OO paradigms.
 Compatibility Issues: Legacy systems may need bridging strategies
(e.g., APIs) for smooth integration.

Benefits of Migrating to OO Platforms

1. Improved Maintainability: Clear modular structure reduces technical


debt.
2. Reusability: Classes and methods can be reused across different projects.
3. Scalability: OO systems adapt better to changing business needs.
4. Enhanced Collaboration: OO design is more intuitive for collaborative
development.
5. Future-Proofing: Facilitates integration with modern frameworks,
libraries, and tools.
Quality issues in re-engineering processes
Re-engineering processes involve redesigning existing systems or workflows to
improve performance, adaptability, and functionality. While the goals of re-
engineering are often ambitious, quality issues can arise during the process if
not carefully managed. Below is a detailed breakdown of the quality issues that
can occur in re-engineering processes and their causes, impacts, and potential
mitigation strategies.

1. Requirements and Scope Issues

Description:
 Inadequate understanding of the current system's functionality or user
requirements.
 Poorly defined or ambiguous goals for the re-engineering effort.
 Scope creep, where additional features are added during the project.
Impacts:
 Misaligned outcomes that fail to meet user or business needs.
 Extended timelines and increased costs.
 Inefficient use of resources.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Conduct thorough requirements analysis involving all stakeholders.
 Use structured documentation methods (e.g., use cases, user stories).
 Define clear scope boundaries and enforce change management
processes.

2. Data Quality Issues


Description:
 Legacy data might be incomplete, inconsistent, or inaccurate.
 Data migration errors can corrupt or lose critical information.
 Lack of proper data validation mechanisms during the process.
Impacts:
 System errors or incorrect outputs.
 Reduced user confidence in the re-engineered system.
 Legal or compliance risks if data integrity is compromised.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Perform a comprehensive data audit and cleansing before migration.
 Implement robust data validation techniques during migration.
 Use automated tools for data quality checks.

3. Integration Problems
Description:
 Difficulty in integrating new components with existing systems.
 Incompatibility between legacy technologies and modern frameworks.
 Insufficient API or interface standardization.

Impacts:

 Downtime or loss of functionality during integration.


 Increased complexity and potential for errors.
 Higher maintenance costs in the long term.

Mitigation Strategies:

 Use middleware or adapters to bridge compatibility gaps.


 Develop integration test plans early in the project.
 Prioritize the use of standardized protocols and interfaces.

4. Performance Degradation

Description:

 Re-engineered systems may introduce inefficiencies, such as increased


resource consumption or slower response times.
 Poor optimization of new algorithms or architecture.

Impacts:

 User dissatisfaction due to slower or less responsive systems.


 Higher operational costs due to increased hardware or energy usage.

Mitigation Strategies:

 Conduct performance benchmarking before and after re-engineering.


 Optimize code and system architecture iteratively.
 Use load testing tools to simulate real-world scenarios.

5. Usability Challenges
Description:
 Re-engineered systems might not align with user expectations or
workflows.
 Lack of focus on user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) design.
Impacts:
 Resistance from users due to difficulty in adapting to the new system.
 Reduced productivity or errors in day-to-day operations.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Involve end-users early in the design process through workshops or focus
groups.
 Conduct usability testing with prototypes.
 Provide comprehensive user training and documentation.

6. Incomplete Testing
Description:
 Skipping or inadequately conducting various types of testing (unit,
integration, regression, etc.).
 Overlooking edge cases or rare scenarios during the testing phase.
Impacts:
 Undetected bugs that lead to system failures post-deployment.
 Increased rework and maintenance costs.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Develop a detailed test plan covering all critical functionality and edge
cases.
 Automate repetitive testing tasks using tools like Selenium or JUnit.
 Perform continuous testing throughout the re-engineering process.

7. Cultural and Organizational Resistance


Description:
 Resistance to change from employees accustomed to legacy systems.
 Lack of communication about the benefits and rationale of the re-
engineering effort.
Impacts:
 Delays in adoption or suboptimal utilization of the new system.
 Demotivation and reduced productivity among staff.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Implement a change management strategy, including clear
communication and training programs.
 Highlight the benefits and success stories from other similar transitions.
 Involve key stakeholders as champions of the re-engineering effort.

8. Security Vulnerabilities
Description:
 Introduction of security flaws during the re-engineering process.
 Inadequate attention to secure coding practices and compliance
requirements.
Impacts:
 Risk of data breaches, fraud, or other cyber threats.
 Legal and reputational consequences.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Perform security assessments and audits at every stage.
 Implement secure coding practices and use tools for vulnerability
scanning.
 Stay compliant with relevant security regulations and standards.

9. Cost Overruns
Description:
 Underestimating the resources, time, and budget required for re-
engineering.
 Inefficient resource allocation and management.
Impacts:
 Financial strain on the organization.
 Reduced ROI for the re-engineering effort.
Mitigation Strategies:
 Create a detailed project plan with realistic cost estimates.
 Monitor progress regularly using project management tools.
 Prepare contingency budgets for unexpected issues.

10. Lack of Documentation


Description:
 Inadequate documentation of new workflows, code, and processes.
 Missing records of decisions made during the re-engineering process.
Impacts:
 Difficulty in maintaining or scaling the system in the future.
 Knowledge loss if team members leave the project.

Mitigation Strategies:

 Maintain comprehensive and up-to-date documentation.


 Use version control systems for tracking code and documentation
changes.
 Assign dedicated resources for documentation tasks.

You might also like