Scribd
Upload
16 views4 pages

INTRODUCTION

Uploaded by

Mister Tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views4 pages

INTRODUCTION

Uploaded by

Mister Tom
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Al-Mustaqbal University 1

Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques


𝟑𝒓𝒅 year
Power Electronics
Dr. zeyad Taha Yaseen &MSC. Elaf Hussein Hadi
1st term – Introduction for Power Electronics

1.1 Introduction

Power electronics (PE): A field of Electrical Engineering that deals with the
application of power semiconductor devices for the control and conversion of electric
power.

Power electronics systems can operate in the range from few watts up to GW, with
frequency range from 50 Hz up to more than 100 kHz, depending on the power
handled and the requirements.

The goals of Power Electronics:

➢ To process and control the flow of electrical power by supplying voltages


and currents in a form that is optimally suited for user loads.

➢ To convert electrical energy from one form to another with highest


efficiency, availability and reliability, with the lowest cost, smallest size,
and weight.

As shown in Figure 1.1, power electronics represents a median point at which the
topicsof energy systems, electronics, and control converge. Any useful circuit design
for the control of power must address issues of both devices and control, as well as of the
energy itself. Among the unique aspects of power electronics are its emphasis on large
semiconductor devices, the application of magnetic devices for energy storage.

The development of semiconductor switches manufacturing regarding their very high


ratings and their ability in high frequency systems are the basic keys in the
developmentof power electronics engineering.

[email protected]
Al-Mustaqbal University 2
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques
𝟑𝒓𝒅 year
Power Electronics
Dr. zeyad Taha Yaseen &MSC. Elaf Hussein Hadi
1st term – Introduction for Power Electronics

Figure 1.1: Control, energy, and power electronics are interrelated.

A basic power electronic system is shown in Figure 1.2. It consists of an energy


source,an electrical load, a power electronic circuit, and control circuit. The function
of the power electronic positioned at the middle is that of controlling energy flow
between theenergy load and the electrical load. The power electronic circuit contains
high power switches, lossless energy storage elements, and magnetic transformers.
The control circuit take information from the source, load, and designer and then
determine how the switches operate to achieve the desired conversion. The control
circuit is usually built up with conventional low-power analog and digital electronics.

Figure 1.2: A basic power electronic system.

[email protected]
Al-Mustaqbal University 3
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques
𝟑𝒓𝒅 year
Power Electronics
Dr. zeyad Taha Yaseen &MSC. Elaf Hussein Hadi
1st term – Introduction for Power Electronics

Classification of power electronics

The power electronics can be classified as:

1. AC to DC Converters (Rectifiers).
Applications: Battery chargers, High voltage dc (HVDC) transmission line.

2. DC to DC Converters (Choppers).
Applications: space-satellite power system, Robots, DC motor control.

3. DC to AC Converters (Inverters).
Applications: Photovoltaic cell, UPS (uninterruptible power supplies).

4. AC to AC Converters (Ac Power Controllers).


Applications: Fun regulator, Lighting system for theatres.

1.2 Power Semiconductor Switching Devices

At first, a power semiconductor switching device is either ON or OFF. An ideal


switch,when ON, will carry the current without any voltage drop across the switch.
When OFF,no current will pass through it. It is entirely lossless and changes from its
ON state to its OFF state instantaneously. Those aspects of real switches that differ
from the ideal include the following:

✓ Limits on the direction of on-state current.


✓ A nonzero on-state voltage drop (such as a diode forward voltage).
✓ Some level of leakage current when the device is supposed to be off.
✓ Limitations on the voltage that can be applied when off.

[email protected]
Al-Mustaqbal University 4
Department of Medical Instrumentation Techniques
𝟑𝒓𝒅 year
Power Electronics
Dr. zeyad Taha Yaseen &MSC. Elaf Hussein Hadi
1st term – Introduction for Power Electronics

✓ Operating speed. The time of transition between the on and off states is
significant (Not equal to zero).

Classifications of power semiconductor switching devices:

Uncontrolled switch: The switch has no control terminal. The state of the switch is
determined by the external voltage or current conditions of the circuit in which the
switch is connected. A diode is an example of such switch.

Semi-controlled switch: In this case the circuit designer has limited control over the
switch. For example, the switch can be turned-on from the control terminal. However,
once ON, it cannot be turned-off from the control signal. The switch can be switched
off by the operation of the circuit or by an auxiliary circuit that is added to force the
switch to turn-off. A thyristor or a SCR is an example of this switch type.

Fully controlled switch: The switch can be turned ON and OFF via the control terminal.
Examples of this switch are the BJT, the MOSFET, the IGBT, the GTO thyristor, and
the MOS-controlled thyristor (MCT).

[email protected]

You might also like