Science 8 REVIEW Name: ________________ ________________

Unit C – Light and Optical Systems Review

1.0 Explanations, Inventions & Investigations about Light and Vision ( p 176 – 187)
􀂙 Scientific experiments to explain how light and vision work
􀂙 Optical devices – telescopes and microscopes – have lead to astronomy and
Microbiology

2.0 Light behaves in predictable ways (p 188 – 211)

􀂙 Ray diagrams are used to describe light
􀂙 The Angle of Incidence equals the Angle of Reflection
􀂙 Concave mirrors converge light to a focal point (headlights)
􀂙 Convex mirrors diverge, or spread light out
􀂙 Refraction – light is bent when it passes to and from areas of different densities
􀂙 Concave and Convex lenses are optical devices that refract light to form images

3.0 Electromagnetic Spectrum – Wave Theory (p 212 – 229)

􀂙 Light has the properties of a wave
􀂙 Visible light has different wavelengths and forms the colors of the rainbow
􀂙 Electromagnetic spectrum also includes (invisible light) – radio waves,
microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma ray
􀂙 Radio waves carry the least energy – gamma rays the most energy
􀂙 Visible light can be produced naturally (bioluminescence, sunlight) & artificially
(phosphorescence, incandescence and fluorescence)
􀂙 White light combines red light – green light – blue light

4.0 Eyes and Cameras capture Images using Light Properties (p 230 -245)
􀂙 Similarities – designed to capture and focus light to form an image on a light sensitive
material
􀂙 Insects have compound eyes made of many tiny lenses on ommatidia
􀂙 Digital images are made by a computer, which converts the image to pixels (a set
of numbers)
Chapter 1: Explanations, Inventions & Investigations about Light and
Vision (p 176- 187)
1. List the four basic properties of light: (p 181)

• _____________________________________________________________________________

• _____________________________________________________________________________

• _____________________________________________________________________________

• _____________________________________________________________________________

2. Briefly outline the function of each type of optical device below:

Microscope ( p182): ________________________________________________________________

Telescope (p 183): _________________________________________________________________

Binoculars (p 186): _________________________________________________________________

3. a) How are reflecting and refracting telescopes similar?(p 184)

__________________________________________________________________________________

b) How are they different?

__________________________________________________________________

Chapter 2.: Light behaves in predictable ways. ( p 188 – 211)

Key Concepts
• Ray diagrams are used to describe light
• The Angle of Incidence equals the Angle of Reflection
• Concave mirrors converge light to a focal point (headlights)
• Convex mirrors diverge, or spread light out
• Refraction – light is bent when it passes to and from areas of different densities
• Concave and Convex lenses are optical devices that refract light to form image

1, Use a ray diagram to show how light causes a shadow( p 190)

2. Explain the difference between transparent, translucent and opaque materials.( p 191)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
3. a) Define luminous (p 191)
__________________________________________________________________________________
b) Define non-luminous. (p 191)
__________________________________________________________________________________

4. Which is diffuse reflection, and which is regular reflection ( p 193)

5. a)In the box below, illustrate the Law of Reflection and label the following parts (p 196)
angle of incidence, angle of reflection, normal line

B) The Law of Reflection ( P 196)states that

_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
c) The Law of Reflection is always true, however during diffuse reflection the incoming parallel
rays are reflected at different angles. Why? ( p 193)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Illustrate with ray diagrams what happens when light strikes each of the following ( p 197 & 199)

7. Illustrate how an image is formed in a concave mirror ( p 198)

No image is produced
in this case

8. Illustrate the Law of Refraction and complete the statement in the box below.( p 200)
9. Why does light refract (bend) when it goes from air into water? (p 203)
_________________________________________________________________________________________

10. Lenses refract light – Draw what happens to light passing through each lens below
- Indicate if the light rays are converging or diverging.(p 204 and 205)

Chapter 3: Electromagnetic Spectrum – Wave Theory ( p 212 – 229)

Key Concepts:
• Light has the properties of a wave
• Visible light has different wavelengths and forms the colors of the rainbow
• Electromagnetic spectrum also includes (invisible light) – radio waves, microwaves,
infrared,ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma ray
• Radio waves carry the least energy – gamma rays the most energy
• Visible light can be produced naturally (bioluminescence, sunlight) & artificially
(phosphorescence, incandescence and fluorescence)
• White light combines red light – green light – blue light

1. Briefly explain the wave model of light using the wave terminology above. ( p 213 figure 3.1)

Crest:_____________________________________________________________________________________

Trough: __________________________________________________________________________________
amplitude: _______________________________________________________________________________

wavelength________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the relationship between the, wavelength and frequency of a wave? ( p 213, last paragraph))

__________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

3. Illustrate what happens to white light when it is passed through a prism. Which colour light bends more, red or
violet? ________________________( p 215 fig. 3.3)

4. The ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM shows us what different forms of energy are available to us.

Use the table describe various uses of each form of electromagnetic energy. ( p 216 -217)

5. Give examples of each:

a) artificial light source ( p222): ______________________________________________
b) natural light source (p225) ________________________________________________
6. a. Identify the colors that add together produce white light: __________, _________, _________
(label the appropriate parts of the circles below p 227)
b. What are the primary colours of light? ( p 226)

_____________ ____________ __________

c. What are the secondary colours of light? (p 227)

____________ ____________ ____________

d. What is the theory of colour addition? (p 227)

__________________________________________________________________________________
______________
7. Briefly explain how the colours are produced on a television screen. ( p227)
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Chapter 4: Eyes and Cameras capture Images using Light Properties

( p 231 – 245)

Key Concepts
• Similarities – designed to capture and focus light to form an image on a light-sensitive
material
• Insects have compound eyes made of many tiny lenses
• Digital images are made by a computer, which converts the image to pixels (a set of
numbers

1. a) Label the parts of the

eye ( p 231) Use list below
to help you.

Cornea
Ciliary muscle
Retina
Optic nerve
Iris
 Pupil
Lens
Blind spot

b. Name the two types of PHOTORECEPTORS in the retina and indicate what colours each
detects. ( p 232, 2nd paragraph)
Photoreceptor What does it detect?
a.
b.

2. Match the parts of the eye and the camera ( p 232-233)

Eye Camera
____ 1. lens a. film
____ 2. pupil b. shutter
____ 3. iris c. aperture
____ 4 retina d. diaphragm
____ 5. eyelid e. lens

3. a. How are the images produced by the

camera and the eye similar?
____________________________________
b. How does the lens of the eye focus the
image? (fig 4.4 p 233)
_______________________________
c. How does the lens of a camera focus the
image? (p 233)
____________________________________

4. What is the function of the ciliary muscles in the eye? (( fig 4.4 p 233)
__________________________________________________________________________________________

5. a) Is a concave or convex lens needed to correct vision each vision problem?.( p 234)
 Nearsightedness Farsightedness

b) How does laser eye surgery correct vision? ( fig 4.7 p 235)
___________________________________________________________________________
6. Explain how night vision goggles work. (fig 4.8 p 235)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. How can you find your Blind Spot? (Give it a try p 233)
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
8. What is the difference between a camera eyes( p 236) and compound eyes.( p 238)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

9. What features do the eyes of these organisms have and why is each useful.
animal feature usefulness

Cat ( p237)

Bird ( 237)

Fish( p 236)

Insect (p 238)

11. How is a stadium image made? ( fig 4.19 p 240)

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

12. What are pixels ( p 241)and resolution ( p 242)?

__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
13. What does a charge coupled device (CCD) do in a digital camera?(p 243)
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________