Jayawant Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering,

Polytechnic.
Academic Year: 2023-24
CLASS: EJ-3I
SUBJECT: Applied Electronics (22329)

A MICRO-PROJECT REPORT
ON
“Construct a doorbell using Transistor.”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS

FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN
ELECTRONICS AND TELE-COMMUNICATIONS DEPARTMENT

SUBMITTED TO
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

SUBMITTED BY

Name of Students Roll No’s.

1. Aryan Aich SYEJ51

2. Muni Swamy SYEJ55

3. Tanmay Kelkar SYEJ23

4. Vijay Patil SYEJ22

GUIDED BY
Mr. Ravindra. S. Salunke
 Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
(Autonomous) (ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC 27001:2013)
CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr.,

1. Aryan Aich
2. Swamy Muni
3. Tanmay Kelkar
4. Vijay Patil

of Third Semester of Diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering of

Institute, JSPM’s Rajarshi Shahu College of Engineering Polytechnic (Code: 1620) have
completed the Micro-project satisfactorily in course Applied Electronics (22329) for the
Academic Year 2023 to 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Tathawade, Pune Enrollment No’s: 1. 2216200426

2. 23213360345
3. 2216200300

Date: ______________ 4. 2216200277

Mr. R. S. Solunke Mrs. A. N. Dubey

(Course Incharge) (Head of Department)
 CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT............................................................................................................. ii
ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. iii
I. Introduction: ...................................................................................................................1
II. Theoretical Background: ..................................................................................................2
III. Practical Circuit Diagram: .................................................................................................3
IV. Experimental Setup:.........................................................................................................3
V. Finished Project: ..............................................................................................................4
VI. How the Doorbell works: .................................................................................................4
VII. Precautions followed: ......................................................................................................5
VIII. Results:............................................................................................................................5
IX. Possible Applications of the Project: ................................................................................5
X. Resources / Components Used:.........................................................................................6
XI. References: ......................................................................................................................6

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to all those who contributed to the successful
completion of our micro-project at JSPM’s RSCOE Polytechnic.

First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to our project
advisor, Mr. Ravindra. S. Solunke, for their invaluable guidance, unwavering support, and expert
insights throughout the project, as well as our Principal Prof. Sarita. S. Gaikwad for providing us
the opportunity to build and research on this project. I would also like to thank our dedicated
team members for their hard work and commitment to this project.

Lastly, a special thanks to our families for their constant encouragement and
understanding during this endeavor.

Date: ___________________ Aryan Aich (SYEJ 51)

Place: ___________________ EJ-3I

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 ABSTRACT

This project aims to design and implement a straightforward doorbell system leveraging the

versatility of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT). The proposed system seeks to provide a cost-

effective and easily replicable solution for households or small businesses requiring a basic yet

reliable doorbell mechanism. The project involves the integration of a BJT transistor as a key

component in the circuit design, exploiting its amplification capabilities to enhance the overall

performance of the doorbell system.

The system will be constructed using easily accessible electronic components, making it an

accessible project for electronics enthusiasts, hobbyists, and individuals with limited technical

expertise. The utilization of a BJT transistor not only simplifies the circuit design but also allows

for a customizable and adjustable solution, catering to various preferences and environmental

conditions.

The abstract further highlights the significance of this project in fostering an understanding of

basic electronic principles, particularly the operation of BJT transistors. The simplicity of the

design encourages hands-on experimentation and learning, making it an ideal educational tool for

individuals interested in electronics and DIY projects. Additionally, the abstract outlines

potential future enhancements and applications for the simple doorbell system, suggesting

possibilities for further exploration and development.

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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

I. Introduction:

Doorbell – a simple yet useful device which is an inseparable part of every front-entrance
door. A front door, besides providing protection and an entrance to its surrounding building, is
not a complete ‘door’ without any form of doorbell – be it electrical or mechanical.

The idea of doorbell came from the idea that, in our houses only a movable door knocking
knob was used. Since we’re electronic enthusiasts, it lit a bulb in our heads about making an
‘electronic’ doorbell. Of course, for our project to be usable as an actual doorbell, it needed more
research and effort, inevitably increasing the costs. Hence, a simple doorbell using a Transistor
would still be a good investment of our time and energy, and in turn a Micro-project would be
checked off.

This project is a simple demonstration of how an NPN transistor was used to create a
doorbell, with a Piezoelectric buzzer acting as the melody player.

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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

II. Theoretical Background:

Below are 3 of the ICs used in the project, and details about them:

The component in main highlight and of

utmost importance is the Integrated Circuit -
UM66T (also known as BT66T). Without this,
our project was not even 50%. This is an IC
(Integrated Circuit) commonly used for
generating musical tones in electronic projects.
Key features of the UM66T IC include its
compact size, low cost, and ease of use. It is pre-
programmed to produce certain musical tunes. For our project, the melody chosen was Fur Elise
by Beethoven.

Although the volume of the siren was

audible, it was not loud. For tackling that problem,
an NPN Transistor – BC547 was used for
amplifying the 5V varying signals into 9V signals.
The BC547 is a versatile NPN bipolar
junction transistor (BJT) commonly employed as
an amplifier in electronic circuits. One notable
feature of the BC547 is its low noise and high gain
characteristics, making it suitable for amplifying
weak signals with minimal distortion.

The diagram shown at the left, is the 7805

Voltage Regulator IC, which was used in our
project. This IC is supported to take inputs ranging
from 7V up to 25V, and in exchange for that a
constant 5V Source is obtained at the (3) number
pin.

This is a versatile regulator and supports operating

temperatures from 0℃ to 125℃.

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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

III. Practical Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Practical Circuit Diagram on KiCad Software.

IV. Experimental Setup:

Figure 2: Actual Circuitry of the Project.

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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

V. Finished Project:

VI. How the Doorbell works:

1) First and foremost, power from the 9V battery runs through the Buzzer and waits at the
Collector terminal till the BC547 Transistor allows current through Collector-Emitter
junction. Along with that, a 470uF Capacitor’s positive terminal is connected to +9V too,
which charges the capacitor while the Switch is actuated.
2) Upon actuation of the Lever Switch, Current from 9V battery flows through the switch, and
goes to the 7805 IC at pin number (1) for regulating the voltage from 9V to 5V. UM66T is
not supported for applications above 5V, hence regulation to 5V becomes necessary.
3) After regulation, output voltage is collected from the OUT pin (3) of 7805. This Voltage is
provided to the UM66T IC at the middle pin number (2).
4) The Melodic output is taken from pin number (3), and is then provided to the base of
BC547 through a 1k Ohm resistor.
5) Remember the Buzzer being provided a direct 9V? The output current of Buzzer now is
able to flow through the Collector-Emitter junction of the BC547 Transistor, and the
amplitude of this current changes in accordance with the changing amplitude of the

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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

UM66T’s output.
6) Finally, what we hear is a Melody similar to Fur Elise by Beethoven.
7) After the switch is off-actuation, the Capacitor, whose Positive terminal is connected
directly to 9V, discharges to provide a remanent voltage to the circuit. Hence, for a short
period of time, the sound keeps playing until a voltage below 1.3V is met.

Table 1: Pinout reference for ICs used.

Sr.
UM66T (or, BT66T) BC547 L78M05
No.

1. Ground (VSS) Collector Input

2. Positive (VDD) Base GND

3. Output (BD) Emitter Output

VII. Precautions followed:

1. Soldering process was done under a guardian’s supervision to prevent accidents and get
proper guidance and instructions for performing the process properly.
2. The soldering iron was not kept for too long over any terminal pins, to prevent overheating
issues due to which damage might have occurred.
3. Components were kept and moved with care during transport.
4. 9V Battery cap was always removed, in case wires short and the Battery drains out.

VIII. Results:
1. Upon actuating the Lever Switch, a Melody from the Piezoelectric Buzzer plays.
2. As long as the Lever is actuated, the entire series of melody will play.
3. As soon as Lever is released from actuation, the Capacitor kicks in and provides voltage for
a measured time of about 0.8s to 1.5s.
4. After the voltage of Capacitor runs out, circuit turns off. Upon actuation of the Lever for
the second time, the melody will restart playing from Note 1.

IX. Possible Applications of the Project:

a. Doorbells.
b. Toys.
c. Ventilator Devices for a signal-activated beeping melody.
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 Construct a Doorbell using Transistor

X. Resources / Components Used:

Sr.
Name of Resources Specifications Quantity
No.

9V for Regular Radio Usage;

1. Battery 1
Carbon-Zinc; 1500mAh Capacity.

2. Piezoelectric Buzzer 12V; 25mm dia. 1

Input: 7V to 25V; Output Current –

3. L78M05 5mA to 1.5A; Operating Range – 1
0℃ to 125℃.

4. Zero PCB 10cm x 10cm 1

5. Resistor 1k Ohm 1

Single-strand, Teflon coated, Red & 25cm each

6. Connecting Wires
Black color.

Melody – Fur Elise by Beethoven;

Operating Voltage – 1.3V to 5V; 62
7. UM66T 1
note ROM memory; Operating
Temperature Range – -1℃ to 60℃.

Maximum Current Gain - 800A;

Collector−Emitter Voltage - 65V;
8. BC547 1
Collector-Base Voltage - 80V;
Emitter-Base Voltage - 8V

9. Capacitor 470uF; 25V; Electrolytic 1

10. Micro Switch SPDT; Short Lever; Black; 3-Pin 1

XI. References:
[1] “BC547 Transistor: Basic Knowledge, Pin Configuration & Features”.
www.robocraze.com.
[2] "UM66T Series - Simple Melody Generator". www.semiee.com.
[3] "7805 Voltage Regulator IC Pinout, Circuit, and Applications". August 21, 2023.
www.electronicsforu.com.
[4] Credits to Google Images for Pinout Diagrams of various trivial components.
[5] Credits to Wikipedia for small snippets of information about all the components.

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