Solutions to Physics

6. The given equation can be written as

Test Id: 423346
A 4πx A
y= cos(4πnt − )+
1.
V=
ω
= π m/s = 210 m/s
30π 2 λ 2
1 + cos 2θ
[∵ cos2 θ = ]
k
2
7
2. Given y 1 = 4 sin(40πt) and y 2 = 4 sin(400πt)
Hence amplitude = and frequency
A
ω 1 = 404π and ω 2 = 400π 2
2πf 1 = 404π and 2πf 2 = 400π =
ω
=
4πn
= 2n
f 1 = 202 Hz and f 2 = 200 Hz
2π 2π

Beat frequency ⇒ f 1 − f 2 = 2 Hz And wave length =

2π 2π λ
= = .
k 4π 2
2
Imax (A1 + A2 )2 4+3 49
=( ) =
λ
= .
Imin (A1 − A2 ) 2 4−3 1 7. The displacement wave is shown below.

3. The assertion is a true fact and so is the reason. But the

reason offers no explanation for the assertion.

4. Given that The first overtone of an open pipe and the

fundamental note of a pipe closed at one end, gives 5
beats per second when sounded together.
Let the fundamental frequency of the closed end pipe of
length 25 cm be f 0 . Then
7λ l λ
= 340 Hz
v 340 × 100 l= ⇒ =
f0 = = 4 7 4
Hence amplitude is a since it is an antinode.
4l 4 × 25
Possible frequencies of the first overtone of the
required open pipe are 340 ± 5, i.e., 345 or 335 Hz 8.
v=√
N
For the first overtone of an open pipe, the length of the μ
pipe l equals the wavelength of the vibration. The tension N in the string varies as :
Hence, 345 = N= where x is length from the ground.
v Mgx
l L
⇒l= = 98.5 cm dt = and vx = √ = √gx
34000 dx Mgx
345 vx L× M L

other possible length is, l = = 101.5 cm

34000 T L
335 dx
∫ dt = ∫
√gx
5. Given the speed of longitudinal wave is 100 times the 0 0
speed of transverse wave along a taut brass wire.
T= ... (i)
2√L
Young's modulus of brass Y =1.0 × 1011 N/m2. √g
Let, tension in the taut brass wire = T , linear mass If time to cover half length is T2.
density of the brass wire = μ and volume density of the
T2 =
2√L
brass wire = ρ. √2g
Speed of the transverse wave is, V T = √ = T2
T T
μ √2

⇒ VT = √
T
, Where A is the area of cross section of 9. Given that intensity of waves arriving at D from two
Aρ coherent sources S1 and S2 is I 0 .
the wire. Path difference, Δx = S 2 D − S 1 D
Speed of the longitudinal wave allong the brass wire is, ⇒ Δx = 5 − 4 = 1 m
Phase difference between the waves, Δϕ =
Y 2π
VL = √ Δx
ρ λ
2π
⇒ϕ = ( ) (1) =
Y T
π
∴ √
ρ
= 100 × √
Aρ 4 2
Resultnat intensity of sound waves interfering with
⇒ Y = 10 4 × .
T
A phase difference Δϕ is, I = I 1 + I 2 + 2√I 1 √I 2 cosϕ
⇒ I = I 0 + I 0 + 2√I 0 √I 0 cos
π
⇒ .
T Y
= 2
10 4 ⇒ I = 2I 0 ???????
A
⇒ Stress = 1 × 10 7 N/m2.
10. n = 2 (node)

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 Solutions to Physics
λ 2πnA = 3λ 0 n
l= 2πA
2 λ0 =
n=3 3
16. 7.8 × 10 10
v=√ = 5480 m/s
l=λ Y
=√
n=4 ρ 2600
Since the rod is clamped at the middle, the middle point
is a displacement node and the free ends are antinodes.
3λ
l=
In the fundamental mode, there are no other nodes and
2
If the number of nodes = n antinodes. The length of the rod is therefore half the
wavelength.
Thus, l = (n − 1)
λ
2 So, λ = 2l = 2m
Frequency = = 2740 Hz
v 5480
=
λ 2
11.
Resultant amplitude = √a 21 + a 22 + 2a 1 a 2 cos ϕ
17.
Two pulses Y 1 = and
5
π (3x − 4t) 2 + 2
= √0.3 2 + 0.4 2 + 2 × 0.3 × 0.4 × cos = 0.5 cm
are travelling on string. As per
2 −5
Y2 =
(3x + 4t − 6) 2 + 2
12. Fundamental frequency n =
v
the given information Y 1 is travelling along +ve X-axis
2l and Y 2 is travelling along -ve X-axis.
Canceling each other means combined effect of
350
350 =
superposition should be zero. i.e y = y 1 + y 2 = 0
2l
1
⇒
l= m = 50 cm 5 −5
2 + =0
(3x − 4t) 2 + 2 (3x + 4t − 6) 2 + 2
13.
⇒ (3x − 4t) 2 = (3x + 4t − 6) 2
ω 30
v= = = 30 m/s
k 1
μ = 1.5 × 10 −4 kg/m, v 2 μ = T ⇒ 8t = 6
then T = 1.35 × 10 −1 N ⇒ t = 0.75 sec
14. Standing waves are produced in a 10 m long stretched 18.
string fixed at both ends. If the string vibrates in 5
segments and the wave velocity is 20 m/s, we have to
find the frequency.

The situation is shown below.

In case of standigng waves, fundamental frequency,

f α√T
Given fundamental frequency of left wire is twice the
fundamental frequency of right wire, i.e f AB = 2f CD
⇒ T AB = 4T CD
Now, L = 5 ( ).
λ
2 Given system is in equilibrium. So net torque
5 about P should be zero.
⇒ 10 = (λ)
2 T AB (x) − T CD (l − x) = 0
⇒λ=4m ⇒ 4x = l − x
Now, v = λf, where the terms have their usual meaning.
⇒x=
l
⇒ 20 = (4)f 5
⇒ f = 5 Hz
19. Given that Δp ~ 10 Pa, v ~ 300 m/s, ρ ~ 1 kg/m3 and f
15. y = A sin2π(nt –
x
) ~ 1000 Hz
λ0 Relation between pressure amplitude and displacement
Maximum particle velocity is Aω. amplitude is, Δp = BkS 0 , where B is bulk modulus,
ω = 2πn ω
is wave constant.
∴ Aω = 2πnA
k=
v
Wave velocity (v) = Sound wave velocity is, v = √ . So B = ρv 2 .
ω 2πn B
= 2π
k ρ
λ0

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 Solutions to Physics

⇒ Δp = ρv 2 ×
ω
× S0 . differentiating we get,
T
⇒ ln v = ln(√ )
v
⇒ S0 = .
Δp
ρvω μ
1 T
⇒ ln v = ln( )
Now substitute the given value.
⇒ S0 ≈ m 2 μ
10
1 × 300 × 1000
Now, differentiating the equation, we get
Δv 1 ΔT
⇒ S0 = mm ≈ mm.
1 3 =
30 100 v 2 T
⇒ %v =
1
20. %T
2
⇒ %v = %4 = 2%
1
2
23. For first resonance
λ
l1 + e =
4
336 λ
λ= × 100 cm = 84 cm ⇒ = 21 cm
400 4
e = 21 − 20 = 1 cm
For third resonance
5λ
l3 + e = = 105 cm ⇒ l 3 = 104 cm
4
24. For close pipe: n 1 =
v v
• From the graph we can see that particle 3 will be
=
4L 1 6
moving in upward direction with maximum speed as it For close pipe: 2
v v
is at mean position.
n = =
2L 2 7
• The point 9 on the string has the greatest downward n1 − n2 = 7
acceleration as it is at top extremum. V = 294.00 m/s

• The point 5 on the string has the greatest upward 25. 1 T 1 T

acceleration as it is at lower extremum. f= √
2l m
= √
2l πr 2 d
• The point 2 on the string has a upward velocity and
= √
2
f1 l 2 T1 r 2 d2
downward acceleration. ( ) ( )
f2 l 1 T2 r 1 d1

√ ( ) ×
2
21. Given radius of beaker 4cm and height 10 cm. Radius of 35 8 1 2
tube is 2cm. Further it is mentioned that the water filling
=
36 1 4 1
beaker is lowered down and it is filled up to brim. Let Δl
is the fall in level of water in tube. Water from tube ⇒ f 1 = 350 Hz
f1 35
=
reaches beaker and fills it. 360 36
⇒ Beats = f 2 − f 1 = 360 − 350 = 10 Hz
∴ π(4) 2 10 = π(2) 2 Δℓ
26.
⇒ Δl = 40cm .....(i) Given that ratio of amplitudes of the two waves = .
11

First resonance,
9
It is known that the ratio of maximum and minimum
1 intensity heard due to the superposition of 2 sound
waves having slightly different frequencies is,
f= V
4ℓ 1
2
A1 + A2
( )=( ) .
⇒ l1 =
V
.....(ii) Imax
4f
Imin A1 − A2
Second resonance,
We know the relation between loudness and intensity

).
I
3
is, L = 10 log(
f= V
I0
4ℓ 2

⇒ l2 = .....(iii)
3V
4f The difference of sound levels in decibels of maximum
and minimum intensities heard at a point is,
L1 − L2 = 10 log10 ( )
Imax
Δℓ = ℓ 2 − ℓ 1

⇒ 40cm =
3V V V
4f
−
4f
=
2f Imin
2
⇒ V = 2 × 420 × 0.4 = 336m/s. A1 + A2
⇒L1 − L2 = 10 log10 ( )
22. Given that, the tension is increased by 4% and the
A1 − A2

⎡ +1⎤
change in wave velocity is to be found. A1

⇒ L1 − L2 = 20 log10 ⎢ ⎥
A2

⎣ −1⎦
The equation for wave velocity is given by, v = √
T
μ A1
Taking 'Natural Logarithm' on both sides and A2

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 Solutions to Physics

⇒L 1 − L 2 = 20 log 10 10 = 20 dB ∴ √2K = 2.
27. Given that a string fixed at one end is vibrating in its 28.
v
f=
second overtone. The length of the string is L =10 cm 2L
and maximum amplitude of vibration of particles of the Now, v = √
T
remains the same.
string is 2 mm. μ
As the string is vibrating in second overtone, length of So, fL is a constant.
⇒ 90 × 400 = 600 × L
the string is,L = .
5λ
4 ⇒ L = 60 cm

⇒λ= = 8 cm 29. Given that the amplitude of wave disturbance

4L
5 propagating in the positive X-direction is given by
at time t = 0 and y = at
1 1
y=
(1 + x 2 ) 1 + (x − 2) 2
t = 1 s, where x and y are in meres. The shape of wave
does not change during the propagation.
General equation of wave propagating along +ve X-axis
is f(x − vt), where v is speed of propagating wave.
At t = 0, equation of the wave is y = .
1
1 + x2
In standard standing waves, amplitude of the particles At t = 1, equation of the wave is y =
1
1 + (x − 2) 2
sinusoidally varies.
by comparing with standard form of wave equation, we
Considering, fixed end is located at x = 0, amplitude of get v(1) = 2
the particle at a distance of x from the fixed end is, ⇒ v = 2 m/s
A(x) = (2) sin(kx) mm.
Note: In original question of JEE-Mains 2021, wave
Given that the amplitude of the particle at 9 cm from the
equation at t = 0 is mentioned as y = using
1
open end is K mm. (1 + x) 2
Particle is located at a distance of 9 cm from open end which we can't arrive at answer. So due changes have
means particle is located at a distance of 1 cm from been made to make the question solvable.
fixed end.
30.
2π Aresultant = √A 21 + A 22 + 2A 1 A 2 cos ϕ
A(x = 1cm) = (2mm) sin( x)
λ ⇒ √3A = √A 2 + A 2 + 2A 2 cos ϕ
2π ⇒ 3A2 = 2A2 + 2A2 cos ϕ
⇒ K = (2mm) sin( × 1cm)
8cm ⇒ cos ϕ =
1

π
2
⇒ K = (2mm) sin( ) = √2 mm.
∴ ϕ = 60 ∘
4 ∴ Phase difference = 60 degree

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