Ruuhi Ahuy

AL.EN
NOTITUT Mathematical Reasoning
AuAAIIKANI

MATHEMATICAL REASONING
STATEMENT
Asentence which is either true or false but cannot be both are called a statement. Asentence which is an excanaoy
or a wish or an
imperative or an interogalive can not be a statement.
lfa statement is true then its
truth value is T and if it is false then its truth value is F
For ex.
"New Delhi is the capital of Indie", a true statement
(H) 3+2 6", a false
statement
(i) "Where are you going ?" not a statement beasuse
it connot be defined as true or false

Note: Astatement cannot be both true and false at a time

SIMPLE STATEMENT
Any statement whose truth value does not depend on other statement are called simple statement

Forex. ()"2 is an irrational number (n) "The set of real number is an infinite set"

COMPOUND STATEMENT
A statement which is a combination of two or more
simple statements are called compound statement
Here the simple statements which forma compound statement are known as its sub statements
For ex.
6) "Ifx is divisible by 2 then x is even number"
"AABC is equilatral if and only if its three sides are equal"

LOGICALCONNECTIVES
The words or phrases which combined simple statements to form a
compound statement are called ogical connectives.
In the following table some possible connectives, their symbols and the nature of the
by them
compound statement formed
SN. Connectives Svmbol operatlon
and A 2.A. conjunction
Z. or PV
disjunction
3. not or
porp negation
|If ... then . or p g or p->4Implicationor conditional
5. If and onlyif (iff) or peqorp 9| Equivalenceor Bi-conditional
LExpldnatlon
PAgEstatement p and q
(paqis true only when pand q both are true otherwise it is false)
(i) pvq statement p or q
(pvqis true if at least one from p and q is true i.e. pvqis false only when p and q both are fase)
(i) ~p not statement p
(ps truewhen p is felse end-pisfalse whenp ls true)
) pq=statementp then statement q
(pqis false only when p ls true and q is false otherwlse It ls true for all other cases)
peqstatement pifand onlyllstatement q
(p qis true only when p and q both are true or false otherwise it is false)
JEE-Mothematies A
ALLENT
0AnEEn INOTITUT

TRUTH TABLE
Atabe which shows the nelationshipbetween the truth value of compound statement S(p. q, r..) and the truth
aues of its sub statements p q, , .is said to be truth table of compound statemento
tpandq are tuo simple statements then truth table for basic logjical connectives are given below
Conjunction Disjunction Negation
P 9 PAq Pvg
T TT P P
T F|F T F T
ET
F T F F T
FIFIF
Conditional Biconditional
P P9 P9 P 9 9 p (p->q)alq>p) or p
TT T T T
T F F T

FTT
FF FF
F

Note: f the compoundstatement contain nsub statements then its truth table will contain 2" rows.

LOGICALEQUIVALENCE
Two compound statements S,(p. q, ..) and S,Ip, q, T... are said to be logically equivalent or simply equivalent if
they have same truth values for all logically possibilities

Two statements S, and S, are equivalent if they have identical truth table i.e. the entries in the last column of their
truth table are same. If statements S, and S, are equivalent then wa write S, =S,
For ex. The truth table for (p->q) and (-pva) given as below

P9 PP>9-pv9
|T TF
T|F F F F
F T T T T
FFTT T
We observe that last tuwo colunns of the above truth table are identical hence compound statements
(pg) and (-pvg)areequivalent
ie p--pvg
TAUTOLOGYAND cONIRADICTION
Tautology: Astatement is said to be a tutology if t is true for all lbgical posibilties
ie. its truth value always T. itis denotedbyt
For ex. the statement p v- (paq) is a tautology

P PAg-pag)P(p
T T T
T F F
F TF
F FF
Clearly, The truth value of pv - (paq) is T for all values of p and q. so pA- (p aq) is a tautolog

(0) Contradictlon: A statement is a contradiction if it is false for all logical possibilities

i.e. its truth value always FIt ls denoted by c.
For ex. The statement (p v g) a (-pa-q) is a contradiction
 Mathematical Reasoning
LLEN

P9-P-9 pvg|-pa q)(pvg)nl-pa-g)

F
F T F

FT TFT F
FFTTLELI- F
So (p v g) ^ (PA * )
sa

of (p q) (-pa -g) is F for all value of p and q.

eaTy, then truth value v a

contradiction
is a tauioogy
a contradiction
Note:The negation ofa tautology is a contradiction and negation of
DUALITY
other by
be obtained from the
and S, are said to be duals of each other if
one can
Iwo compound S,
statements
replacingby v and v by A obtairn its dual we

contains the special variable t (tautology) and c (contradiction) then

compound
areplaced statement
t by c and c by t in addition to replacing n byvand v by A
Note:
the connectives A and v are also called dual of each other.
(i) IfS*(p. q) is the dual of the compound statement S(p, then q
(a)S(-p-g) =
-S(p. q) (ü)-S°(p.q) =S(-p. -9)
For ex. The duals of the following statements
Gi) (pag) v (rvs) (ü) (pvt) n (pvc) (n) -(p a g)v [pa -lqv -s)]|
are as given below
(p v g) a lpv -(q a -s)]
() (pvg)a (ras) (ü) (pAc) v (pnt) (ii)
CONVERSE, INVERSE AND CONTRAPOSITIVE OF
THE CONDITIONAL STATEMENT (p
Converse: The converse of the conditional statement p>qis deined as q P
Inverse: The inverse of the conditionalstatement p >q is defined as - P > 9
(#)
(11) Contrapositive: The contrapositive of conditionalstatement p ->qis defined as ~ q - P

NEGATION OF cOMPOUND STATEMENTS

Ifpand q are twostatements then
Negation of conjunction:-(pag)=*pV-
P P-g (pAg)-(pag)pv-g)
TT F FF
T FF F T
F T TFFT
FIF T|T F
ad P - e E ~P v s
() Negation of disjunctlon~ipvg)s-pA~
P - P - (p va)Mo pva) (-pra

:
F
() Negation ofconditlonal: -(p >q) =paq 4
P 9-9(p (p>g)(pA g)
TITF T F
TFT F
FFT
FFT1
(te) Negatlon of blconditlonal:~ (p q) =(p/A ~q) vlq n-p)
JEE-Mathematics AN
we
know that p q e (p->q) a (q > p)
'
(pg)-I(p-> g) a (q>p))
-(p q) v (q -p)
(pa ~q) v (q a-p)
Note: The above result abo can be proved by preparing truth table for-(p 9) end (pA -g)v lqa~p)

ALGEBRA OF STATEMENTS Wt
P 9.rare bny three statements then the some law of algebra of stotements are ns follow
ldempotent Lawe:
(a) papEp (b) pvpsp
1.e. PpapsPVP

P (pap) (pvp)

Comutative lauwe
(a) pagq^p (b) pvq =qvp
P 9 (pa9) (qap)(pva) (qvp)|
T |T T T

TF F T
FITF F T T
FF F F
() Aseoclathve louwe :
(a) (paq) nrspa (qr)
(b) (pvg) vr=pvlq vr)
P 9 T (p^)(qar) (png)Ar |palqarn|
T T

F T F F

T T F

F TF F F F F

FFT F F F F
F F F
Simierly we can proved esut (b}
Ditrbutise laurs: (a) pa lg vrn= (paa) v (pan (c)pa lq an) = (prg) a (pad
(b) pv (qnr) =(pvg) (pvr) (d) pvlqvr) = (pvg) v (pvr)

P 4qv (pa (pan palgvn |(prg)v(pan|

T

T TF T F T
F T
TFF F F
F T TT| F F
F T F F
FF T T F F

FFFF
Simiariy we can prove resut (b), (c), (d)
DeMorgan Lavs: (a)-(pg)=pV~9
ALEKI Mothematical Reosoning
(b) (p vq)ph
pa-pg (p pp
T
F T
T
ETTFF
FFTTElTI
Similbrly we can proved resulty (b)
(ol) Involutlon laws (or Double negatlonlauee): --(-pp

P-Pp)
TF T
F
(l) ldenity Laws :fpisa sbtement andt and c are tautokogy ard cortradicten vapcsay tn
(a) patmp (b) pvtmt (e)pacmc (d) pvemp
PtcpA (pvt pac) (pvc)
ITET|T
FTFE
(v) ComplementLaws
(a) pa(p)=c (b) pv-p)=t (c) (-t)e ld) (-e)t

P-p (p-p)p
(1) Contrapositive laws: p->q->*p
P 9P-9 P -9p
TIT F | F T T
T
F F T F F

E TT
F T T

hote: Order ofprecedenceoflogical operators

Operator Precedence

Example1: pvqa~r >S

isequal to (pv(qa(r))->s
Esxample 2 : pA-qvrs
is
equal to ((pa(~9))vr)>s
 JEE-Mathematics ALEN
HATITUT

1. Which of the following is corect SOLVED EXAMPLES

for the statements pand q?
(1) PAqis true when at least one from
(2) p q is
pand q is true
true when pis true and q is false
(3) p qis true only when both p
and q are true
(4-(pvq) is true only when both p and q are fase
Ans. (4)
Sol We know that
paqis true only when both pand q are true so option (1) is not correct
we know that p -> fase only when pis true and q is false so
q is
we know that p
option (2) is not comect
> qis true only when either pand q both are true or
so
option (3) is not corect
both are flase
we know that
-(pvq) is true only when (p v q) is false
i.e.pand qboth are false
So option (4) is correct
2. -(pv) v(-paq) is equivalent to-
(1)p (2)-p
Ans. (2) (3) (4)-9
Sol.-lpvg) v(-Pq)
(pA g) v (-pag) (By Demorgan Law)
=

pa(-qva) (By distributive laws)

pat (By complement laws)
(By ldentity Laws)
3. Which of the following is logically
equivalent to (pa q)?
(1)P- (2)pv (3)-(p -q) (4)pA-g)
Ans. (3)
Sol. p-9s~pv-9s(pag)
( p>q=~pvg)
i.e. -(p> -g)=pa

pv~qE paq)
and-(PA ~q) =pvg
4. If p->(qvr) is false, then the truth values
of p, q, r respectively are
(1)T FF (2)FFF (3) FT,T (4)T, T,F
Ans. (1)
Sol We know p-> (qvr) is false only when p is true and (qv r) is false. but (q vr) is false only when q and r boin are
fase
Hence truth values of p, q, rare respectively T, FF
5. Statement (pa-g) a(-pvq) is
(1) a tautokogy (2) a contradiction
(3) neither a tautology not a contradiction (4) None of these
Ans. (2)
Sol. (pa~g) al-pvq)
= (pa-q) a~(pa~g)
(By Demargon Laws)
EC, wherecis contradiction (By complement laws)
6. Negation ofthe statementp-> (qnr) is-
(1)plg ar) (2) pv(qar) (3) (qar)p (4) Pa(-qv
Ans. (4)
Sol -(p(qar)=pa-(qar) (:-(p->q) =pa -q)
pa(-qv~T)
6
 DALEKT
Mathematical Reasoning
OANEEN IHU
and y -2 then%-2y - 9. The contropsitive this statermerts
od
7. Ifx= 5
(1) lfx-2y 49 then x 45 ory
-2 2)Mz-2y9thenx 5 erdy-2
-2 (4) None c tee
(3) Ifx-2y 9 then x 5 ondy-
=
=

Ans. (1)
three statements such that
Sol. Letp, q, rbe the
p:x 5, q:y- -2 and rix-2y =9
is - - ( p , )
Here givenstatement is (pag)->randitscontrapositive
i.e, (pv-q)
ie. ifx-2y +9 then x # 5 or yz-2
8 Which of the following is wmong?
to~pvg
(1) p-qislogically equivaent T are T, F T respectves
true then truth values of pP, q,
(2) If the (p vg) a lq vr) s
a l~pv-)
(3)-(pa la vrl) = (-pv-g)
is aways T
(4) The truth value of p a -(pvg)
Ans. (4)
Sol. We know that p>qpvg
If (pvg) a (qvr) is true then
(pvg) and (qvr) both are true.
i.e. truth values of p, q, r may be T, F T respectively
(-pv~)
( p a lq vr') =-l(paq) v(par)=-(pag)a -p ar) =(-pv~q) a

fase i.e.pa-(pvq) s fase

If pis true and q is false then -(p vg) is sn
and S{p. q. r) *[-a i]
IfS(p, q, r) is the dual of the compound stotement
S(p, q, r)
S*(-p,~g,~r) is equivalentto-
(1) S(p, q, r) (2)-S(-p-9, (3)-Slp. q. r) (4)S
Ans. (3)

Sol.S(p. q, 7) =
~pal-lav)]
SoS(-P,-q, -7)=-(-p) a l-(-qv]=pa (qar)
S(p, q, 7) = -pv[-lqar]

S-p-q, =pv(qvr)
Cleerly S°(P.-9,-7= -S(p,q, r)
then it is a rhombus"
O. The negation of the statement "lfa quadrilateral is a square

(1)fa quadrilateralis not a square then is a rhombus it

(2) lfa quadrilateral is a square then it is not a rhombus

(3) a quadrilateral is a square and it is not a thombus
(4) a quadritateral is not a square and it is a rhombus
Ans. (3)
Sol. Letp and q be the statements as given bekow
p:a quadrilateral is a square
q:a quadritateral is a rhombus
the given statement is p +q

-pg)pa -q
Therefore the negation of the given statement is a quadriateral is a square and it is nota rhombus
 JEE-Mathematics
EXERCISE-I
1. The inverse
of the statement (p a-q)>ris- 11. Ifp and q are two statement
then (p -g) is true
when
(1)-(pv-q)>-r (2) (-pag)- both are true
(1) pand q
(3) (-pvq) (4) None of these
(2) pand q both are false
2. (Pv-g)islogically equivalentto (3) pis fase and q is true
(1) paq (2)-P (4) None of these
(3)p-9 (4)-p 12. Statement (p aq) >pis
3 The equivalent statement of (p g) is-
(1) a tautoloa (2) a contradiction
(1) (pag)v (pvq) (3) neither (1) nor (2) (4) None of these
(2) (p-9)vlq>p)
If statements p, q, r have truth values T, ET
(3) (-pvg) v(pv-q) respectively then which of the following statement is
rue-
(4) (-Pvg)a(pv-g)
(1) (pg) ar (2) (pg) v-r
4. Ifthe compound statement p (-pvq) is false
then the truth value of p and q are respectively- (3) (pag)v (q ar) (4) (p-)r
14. lfstatement p-> lqvr) is true then the truth values
(1)TT (2)T,F (3) FT (4) FF
5. Thestatement(p-p) a(-p>p) is ofstatements p, q, rrespectively
(1)T,FT (2) F T,F
(1) a tautology
3) FFF (4) All of these
(2) a contradiction
Which of the following statement is a contradiction-
(3) neither a tautology nor a contradiction 15.
(1) (pag)n(-(pvq)) (2) pv(-pnqg)
(4) None of these
(3) (p->q)>P (4)-Pv
6. Negation ofthestatement (par)>(rvg)is 16. The negative of the statement "If a number is divisible
(1)-(par)>rvg) (2) (-pv-r) v (rvq)
by 15 then it is divisible by 5 or 3"
(3) (par)a (raq) (4) (pAr) (TA-q)
(1) fa number is divisible by 15 then it is not divisible
7. The dualothestatement-pal-qaipvg)adis by 5 and 3
(1)-pvlqv(pvg) v-] (2) A number is divisible by 15 andit is not divisible
by 5 or 3
(2) pvlqv(-pa-g)vr
(3)-pvl-qv(pag)v-] (3) A number is divisible by 15 or it is not divisible by
5 and 3
(4)-pvI-qnpaq)a-
8 Which of the folowing is correct- (4) A number is divisible by 15 and it is not divisible
by 5 and 3
(1)(-pv q) =(p aq)
If x = 5 and y = -2 then x - 2y = 9. The
17
(2) (p-9) =(-q~p) contrapositive of this statement is-

(3)-(p-g)=(pa-q) (1) lfx-2y+9 then x + 5 or y -2

(4)-(p q) =(p>g)v (q>p) (2) Ifx-2y+9 thenx * 5 and y *-2
9. The contrapositive of p-(~9)is (3) Ifx-2y = 9 then x = 5 and y = -2

(1)(-qar)>-p (2) ( q r - p (4) None of these

(3) (qv - p 4) None of these 18. The negation of the statement "2 +3 = 5 and

10. The converseofp>(q->r)is 8< 10" is-

(1)2 +3 5 and 8 10 (2)2+35 or 8> 10
(1) (qa) vp (2)(-gvrvp
(3) (qn~r) n~p 4) (q a ) ap (3) 2 +35 or 82 10. (4) None ofthese
ALER Mathematical Reasoning
19. Forany three simple statement p, q, r the statemernt 27, p s any staternert. t ardc ase a tautoiogyard e
(PAq) v lqar) is true when- traricton resctrniy then utuch d the kolzurg
is r uert
(1) pandr true and q is fase
(2) p and r false and q is true (0)ptp (21prcse
(3) P. 9, ral are false
(3) pvtsc 4)9vep
28. IHSp. q) s te del o te comgpord satemert
(4) q and r true and p is false
S{p. q) thenS°l-p, ~)s ezralert to
20. Which of the following statement is a tautology
(1)S(-p 21-Sp.
(1)(~pv~q) v (pv ~q) (3)-S(p.q
(2)(-pv-q)a(pv-g) 29. H p is any statemert. t s a atoiogy ard e s a
contadicicn then which tote cieuings nt coec
(3)-pa(Pv-q)
(1) pa(-c) =p
4)--Pv-g)
21. Which of the following statement is a contradicion (2) pv(-t)p
(3) tvc pvt
(1) (pv-q) v (pv-g)
(4) (pa)v (pvc) (tac)
(2) (p-g) v (pa-g)
30. If p. q. r are simple statament wit tah vaies
(3)(-pag)a(-q) T, F. T respectively then the truth vale o
(4)(-pag)v(-q) ((-pvg) -r)>ps
22. The negation of the statement q v (p a -T) is (1) True
equivalent to (2) False

(1)np (2)-A-(p->r) (3) True ifr's fase

(3)9apar) (4) None of these (4) True if q is true
23. Let Q be a non empty subset of N. and q is a 31. Whichof the folowing isurang
statementas given below:
q: There exists an even number a eQ.
(1) pv-pisa autoiogy
Negation of the statement q will be: (2)-(-p)apsatautciogs
(1) There is no even number in the set Q (3) PA-pis a contrecicscn
(2) Every a eQis an odd number. (4) (pap))psaautciogs
(3)(1)and (2) both 32. The stotement 2-5then lget itces'sbgicaly
(4) None of these equivalent to
24. The statement-(p->q) > (-pv ~q) is (1)2-5 andl donot getfinst chss
(1) a tautology (2) 22 5 or I do not get fst ciass
(2) a contradiction 3) 25 orl get first cles
(3) neither a tautology nor a contradiction (4) None of these
(4) None of these 33 lfstatement (pv-7}>qar)sabeand staement
25. Which of the following is g is true then statement pis
equivalent to (paq) (1) true 2) falbe
(1)p (2)-pA-q) (3) may be rue or fabe
(3)-(pq) (4) None of these 4) None of these
26. The dual of the following statement "Reena is 34. Which of the folkowing satement are not logically
and Meena is beautiful' is
healthy cquivaen
(1) Reena is beaufiful and Meena is heathy (1)-pv-and(-pa)
(2) Reena is beautiful or Meena is healthy
(2)-(pand (pa-
(3) Reena is healthy or Meena is beutiful 3) (pad(-q--p
(4) None of these (4) (Pad(-pa
 JEE-Mathematics
35. Consider the following statements LLE*
p: Virat kohli Statement-2 is the corect
exjplanalion o
plays cricket. Statement-1.
q: Virat kohli is
good at maths 37. Which of the following is a
tautology
T:Virat kohli is successfu (1) I- p n p) q (P a P)
then negationof the
statement "lf virat kohli (2) I- p a p)> q)
and is not good at maths plays aicket
then he is successhu" wil (-pp
be : (3) I(-p a p)> q
(1)-palqnr)(2) (-pvq)nA (p>P)
(4) None of these

36.
$)pl-qn- (4) None of these 38. Negation of the statement "Any-one in the class is
Let p statement lf 2 > 5 then earth will not
rotate" fond of music" is:
and qbe the
statement 25orearthwill not rotate (1) No one in the class is fond of music.
Statement-1 : pand q are
equivalent. (2) Some of the students in the class are not fond
Statement-2: mnand- of music.
mvnare equivalent.
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 (3) There exists a student in the class who is not
is true;
Statement-2 is not the correct explanation fond of music.
of
Statement-1. (4) (2) and (3) both
(2) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
(4) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true;

ANSWER KEY
1. (3 2. (3) 3. (4) 4. (2) 5. (2) 6.
7. 3) 8. (2) 9. (0) 10. (1) 11. (3) 12. (1)
13. (4) 14. (4) 15. (1) 16. (4) 17. (1) 18. (3)
19. (4) 20. (1) 21. (3) 22. (1) 23. 3) 24. 3)
25. (3) 26. (3) 27. 3) 28. (2) 29. (4) 30. (1)
31. (4) 32. (3) 33. (3) 34. (4) 35. (3) 36. (4)
37. (3) 38. 4)
10
 A.L Mothematicol Reasoning
EXERCISE-II
(PREVIOUS YEARJEE6.MAIN QUESTIONS)
Considen the klurg statenerts
1. The statement p- (q-> p) is equivnont
IAIEEE-2008) p:Sunanis briliart
q:Smenis teh
(1) p- (p->9
:Suman is herest
(2)p->(p vq)
The regaton te stademert 'Sran s brilbert
(3)P- (Png)
ard dshorest f and oriy f Suman is ric can be
(4)p(p a) xpressed as AIEEE-2011
imational number,9 )-(PA-tq
2. Letpbe the statement "x is an
trascendental number, and
(i) 9 - p t
be the statement "y is a
(3)-Pla-
number iffy is a
rbe the statement "x is a rational
transcendental number. [AIEEE-2008] . The only statemert amorg tefoilouingg tat is a
Statement-1: ris equivalent to either q or p. tautologys: AIEEE-2011)
(1)qip (pi] 2ppr
Statement-2: ris equivalentto (p -9) (3) P v (p a
is true
(1) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 The negetionod he statemer

(2) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is

fase
is true;
AEEE 2012
(3) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 Statement-
fl become a tache tan Iuilcpanaschoo.i
Statement-2 isa correct explanation for (1)I will not become a techer ar i wilcpenasehoo

(4) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is true; (2) I will become a taacher ard I wil nct open a
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for school
Statement-1 (3) Either l wil not bacome a tacher cr I wil nct
Statement-l: -(pe-q) is equivalent to pe>q opena schocl
3.
14) Neither I wl become a techer ecr I wilcpena
Statement-2: -(p»-q) is a tautology.
school
[AIEEE-2009 3. Consider:
(1) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false.
2) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true. Statementl: (pr-q)al-pag) sa alie
33 atement-1 istrue, Statement-2 is true; Statement-l: (p - + 9°P} s a

Etaternent-2 is a corect explanation for tuatology MEEM 013

Statement-1. (1) Statement-l is trus Satement- is true:
(4) Statement-1 istrue, Statement-2 is true; statement- isa correct eapianation for
StatementL
Statement-2 is not a correct explanation for
(2)Statement-l is true, Stabement-l ia true
statement-1 statement- s aot a comect expianation for
Let S be a non-empty subset of R. Statement-L
Consider the follbwing statement: (3) Statement-lis true, Stadement l is fale
p:There Isarational numberxeSsuchthat x >0 (4) Stalementl is iabe. Stasement-l is true
which of the following statements is the negation of . The statement-(p+-9s:
the statement p? [AIEEE-2010] HEEN01
(1) There is aational numberx eSsuch thatx s0
(2) There is no rational number x e S such that ()quivakntto paq
xs0 2) quivaent t-pq
3) Every rational numberx e S satisfiesx s0 3) a taukolo
(4) x eS and x 0 x is not rational 4) a fally

11
JEE-Mathematics
10. The
ALLE
negation of- sv(-fas) is 17.
1o
equlvalent Ifq is ako orvd p 4 s truo, then whichcrv
(JEEMan)-2015] of the folbwirg statements is a toutobgy?
(d)svrv-s) (2)sAT
3) sA- JEEMatn)-2019
(1) (pvr)(p^r)
11. The
14)sal-s) (2) pvr
foiowing stetement
JEEMotn)-2017) (3) p Ar)
(4)(p Ar)(pvr)
(p9)I(-p>g)
(1) a lby
ql is : 18. The expression-p-+a) s bgiealy equalendt to:
2) a tautcb
3)qatb-pq 14) quvakent to p-4 JEEMatn)-2019)
12. The
(1) p (2) p g
Bookan expression (pvq)v(-pa9) is
-
13) p 9 (4) p~g
equivaento: JEEMatn)-2018) 19. The Bookeanexpression
(3)- 2)p 3)9 (4)-9 (pAg)v(pv-q))n(-pa-9) is equivalent tor
13. Fthe Bookkan
eapression
(p (- )sequrvalert to p^q, where JEEMatn)-2019
.
ev}. then the ordered pair (, ) s (1) pal- (2) pv(-g)

JEEMcn)-2019 (3) (-p)a-9) (4) pAg

20. The Bookan
a (v)2 (v.v) 3) (a) 4) (v.^) equivalent to :
Expression (p^-q)vqv(-prq) is
14. The ibgal satemet JEEMan)-2019]
EEMadn)-2019 (1) pv- (2)-pg (3) pg (4) pvq
I--pvg)(prr)]^(-qar) zeqiste 21. The contrapositive of the statement "H
youare bom
in india, fhen you areacifzen of India", is:
a)p - 2) (-p * EEMatin)-2019)
) (1)youarebom in India, thenyouae nota citizenm
15. Corsiie te ilowing free sziements:
P:5s2 pine numbe (2) youare nota cifzen of India, thenyou are nt
bom in India
Q:7sa sco d 192.
3) Fyou are a ctzen s Indäa, then you are born
R:LCMd5ad 7s 35
Trese ézied which n e i te iolbwing (4) Hyou are not bom in India, then you are not a
szResse? PEEMa)-2019] citizen o India
aPOv(- 2) (-P)(-4 22. Which one of the folowing statements s not aa
3-PQ tautoiogy? JEEMain)-2019]
16 Corgssedfeszece
a(pg)p
EESMm)20197
T eóesardqziientisqeres ee (png)-(-p)v
Feszmdmbesee qel tente ) p-(pvg)

2Efes sd rbes zeqel enhe 4) (pve)-(pv-9)

ueces ae raqel
23. Forary two statements pand q, the negation of the
ESesqerade r e s ae raeqel, ten expression pd-pre)s JEEMan)-2019
(p (2) p
4Ee sqers d wo urbesee raeqal, ten
he rurbes ee rct eqel (3)-pv- (4)-pA-
12
 ALLER| Mathematical Reasoning
CAREE NEIUT

q) (q ^
~ p ) is
24. If the truth value of the statement P->(-pv r) is | 27. The logical statement (p JEE(Man)-2020
false(F), then the truth values of the statements p, q, equivalent to:
Tare respectively: TJEE(Matn)-2019]
()p (2) q (3)-P (4)-
(1) E T.T (2)T. FF 28. Which one of the following is a tautology?
(3)T.T.F (4) T, FT (JEE(Matn)-2020)

25. The Boolean expression -(p=(-g)) is equivalent

to JEE(Matn)-2020] (1) Pa(PvQ)
(1)(-pl (2) pv 9
2) Pv(PAQ)
(3) q-p (4) p9
26. Negation of the statement (3) Q(PA(P->0)
JEEMaln)-2020]
(4) (PA(P->0))
V5 is an integer or 5 is irational is: truth values of p
29. fp (p A~q) is false, then the
(1) 5 is irational or 5 is an integer. and q are respectively: JEE(Matn)-2020]
(3) FF (4) T, F
(1) FT (2) T,T
(2) V5 is not an integer and 5 is not irational.

integer and 5 is irational.

(3) 5 is an

integer or 5 is not irational

(4) 5 is not an

ANSWER KEY

1. 2) 2. (0) 3. 0) 4. 3) 5. (2,4) 6. (4
7. 12) 8. (2) 9. (1) 10. (2) 11. (2) 12. (1)
13. (1) 14. (1) 15, (4) 16. (1) 17. (4) 18. (1)
19. 3) 20. (4) 21. (2) 22. (4) 23. (4) 24. (3)
25. (4) 26. (2) 27. (3) 28. (4) 29. (2)
13