Practice Exam 3 | Please write your name on each page of your work 1

1. [5 pts] Express the given system of differential equations in matrix notation x0 = Ax + f .

x01 = (cos(2t))x1 + t2
x02 = (sin(2t))x2
x03 = x1 − x2 − 1

   
1 2 3
2. [5 pts] For the matrix A = and vector b = , find A−1 and then use it to solve Ax = b for x.
2 1 3

 
0 2 1
3. [5 pts] Find the general solution to x = x.
1 2

MATH 2080 | Introduction to Differential Equations | Spring 2020 | Leo Rebholz

Practice Exam 3 | Please write your name on each page of your work 2
4. [5 pts] Find the solution of the initial value problem
   
0 2 −4 2
x = x, x(0) = .
2 −2 1

5. [5 pts] Find a general solution of    

0 0 1 t
x = x+ .
−1 0 1

MATH 2080 | Introduction to Differential Equations | Spring 2020 | Leo Rebholz

Practice Exam 3 | Please write your name on each page of your work 3
6. [3 pts] Apply the Laplace transform to the following functions of t (to get functions of s)

• L[t3 − tet + e4t cos t] =

• L[e−2t cos t + t − 1] =

• L[tet sin t] =

7. [3 pts] Apply the inverse Laplace transform to the following functions of s (to get functions of t)

• L−1 [ (s+1)
5
3] =

• L−1 [ (s−1)(s+3)
s+10
]=

2
• L−1 [ 2ss(s+1)
+3s+2
2 ] =

8. [4 pts] Use the method of Laplace transforms to solve the initial value problem

y 00 + y = t2 + 2, y(0) = 1, y 0 (0) = −1

MATH 2080 | Introduction to Differential Equations | Spring 2020 | Leo Rebholz

Practice Exam 3 | Please write your name on each page of your work 4
Laplace summary

1
1 ↔
s
y(t) ↔ Y (s)(= L[y](s)) n!
tn ↔
sn+1
1
eat y(t) ↔ Y (s − a) : translation by a eat ↔
s−a
dY s
ty(t) ↔ − cos bt ↔
s + b2
2
 ds n
d b
tn y(t) ↔ − Y sin bt ↔
ds s + b2
2

dy s−a
↔ sY − y(0) eat cos bt ↔
dt (s − a)2 + b2
d2 y b
↔ s2 Y − sy(0) − y 0 (0) eat sin bt ↔
dt2 (s − a)2 + b2
n!
tn eat ↔
(s − a)n+1
Summary of using eigenvalues / eigenvectors to solve 2 × 2 homogeneous linear systems x0 = Ax

• Case 1: 2 real eigenvalues/eigenvectors (r1 , u1 ) and (r2 , u2 )

General solution: x(t) = c1 er1 t u1 + c2 er2 t u2

• Case 2: 2 complex eigenvalues/eigenvectors (r1 , u1 ) and (r2 , u2 )

– Calculate x1 = er1 t u1
General solution: x(t) = c1 Re[x1 (t)] + c2 Im[x1 (t)]
• Case 3: Only 1 real eigenvalue r, but two linearly independent eigenvectors u1 , u2

General solution: x(t) = c1 ert u1 + c2 ert u2

• Case 4: Only 1 real eigenvalue r, and only 1 corresponding eigenvector u

– Calculate v such that (A − rI)v = u
General solution: x(t) = c1 ert u + c2 tert u + ert v

Variation of parameters method to find xp for x0 = Ax + f :

xh = Xc, xp = Xv where Xv0 = f

and X is the fundamental matrix which has x1 and x2 as its columns.

MATH 2080 | Introduction to Differential Equations | Spring 2020 | Leo Rebholz