Scribd
Upload
19 views4 pages

Units and Dimensions

The document discusses physical quantities, their measurement, and classification into fundamental and derived quantities. It outlines various systems of units, including SI units, and provides standard prefixes for large and small measurements. Additionally, it lists important units of length, mass, time, and other physical quantities with their respective values.

Uploaded by

pwgovtexamwallahkol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
19 views4 pages

Units and Dimensions

The document discusses physical quantities, their measurement, and classification into fundamental and derived quantities. It outlines various systems of units, including SI units, and provides standard prefixes for large and small measurements. Additionally, it lists important units of length, mass, time, and other physical quantities with their respective values.

Uploaded by

pwgovtexamwallahkol
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

UNITS AND DIMENSIONS

Physical Quantities:
The quantities which can be defined and measured arecalled physical quantities. For example, force,
distance,time, etc.
Measurement of Physical Quantities:
Measurement is a process of comparison of anunknown quantity with a standard quantity.The result of
measurement of a physical quantity isexpressed in terms of the following two parameters.
1. Unit in which the quantity is being measured, and
2. Magnitude which expresses how many times theabove selected units is contained in the given
quantity.For example, in force of 15 newton, force is the physicalquantity, 15 is the magnitude and
newton is the unit offorce.
Fundamental and Derived Quantities:
Fundamental Quantities: The physical quantities that do not depend on any otherphysical quantity for
their measurement are calledfundamental quantities. For example, mass, length,time, temperature are
fundamental quantities.
Derived Quantities:The physical quantities that are derived from thefundamental quantities are called
derived quantites. Eg.Area, volume, density, force, velocity, acceleration, etc.
System of units:
The following system of units are in common use:
1. Centimetre-Gram-Second (CGS)System:In this system the units of length is centimetre, mass is
gram and that of time is second.
2. Foot-Pound-Second (FPS) System:In this system the units of length, mass and time are foot,
pound and second respectively.
3. Metre-Kilogram-Second (MKS) System: In this system, the units of length, mass and time are
metre, kilogram and second respectively.
4. System International d, Units (SI) System: This system is an extended version of MKS system.
This system defines seven fundamental quantities andtwo supplementary quantities.
Fundamental Quantities:

Quantity SI Unit Symbol


1. Length meter m
2.Mass Kilogram Kg
3.Time Second S
4.Electric Current Ampere A
5.Temperature Kelvin K
6.Luminous Intensity Candela cd
7.Amount ofSubstance Mole Mol

Supplementary Quantities:

Quantity SI Unit Symbol


1.Angle Radian Rad
2.Solid Angle Steradian Sr
Standard Prefixes: Sometimes when the numerical value of a quantitybecomes very large or very small,
prefixes are usedtogether with the units to make the numerical values ofquantities more manageable.

Prefixes Used with SI Units


Large Measurements:

Factor Prefix Symbol


1024 yotta Y
1021 zetta z
1018 exa E
1015 peta p
1012 tera T
109 giga G
106 mega M
103 kilo k
102 hecto H
101 deca da

Small Measurements:

10-1 deci d
10-2 centi C
10-3 milli m
106 micro u
10-9 nano n
1012 pico P
1013 femto f
1018 atto a
1021 zepto z
1024 yoeto y

Some Important Units:


1. Light year: A light year is the distance travelled by light in vacuum in one year.
1 Light year= 9.46 × 1015 m
= 9.46 × 1012km
2. Astronomical Unit (AU): It is equal to the man distance between the earth and the sun.
1 AU = 1.496 × 1011 m
3. Parsec (Parallactic Second) It is the largest unit of distance.
1 Parsec = 3.26 light year
= 3.08 × 1016m
4. Fathom The depth of ocean is measured in fathoms.
1 Fathom = 6 feet = 1.828m
5. Nautical Mile It is used measure in the seas and oceans.
1 nautical mile = 1852m
Units of Length:

Units Value
1 AU = 1.496×1011m
1 light year = 9.46×1015m
1 Parsec = 3.08×1016m
1 mile = 1.6 km
1 nautical mile = 1852m
1 fermi =10-15m
1 Angstrom =10-10m
1 millimetre =10-3m

Units of Mass:

Units Value
-3
1 gram 10 kg
1 mg 10-6 kg
1 a.m.u 1.661-27 kg
1 quintal 100kg
1 metric tonne 1000kg
1 solar mass 2×1030 kg

Unit of Time:

Units Value
1 minute 60s
1 hour 3600s
1day 86400s
1 month 2.592×106S
1 year 3.1536×107s
1 decade 3.156×188s
1 century 3.16×109s
1 Millennium 3.1536×1010s

Unit of Some Physical Quantities:

Quantity Unit
2
1. Area m
2. Volume m3
3. Density Kg/m3
4. Relative density No unit
5. Speed/Velocity m/s
6. Acceleration m/s2
7. Momentum Kg m/s or Ns
8. Impulse Ns or kg m/s
9. Force Kg m/s2 or N
10. Work or energy Joule or kg m2/s2 or Nm
11. Power J/s or watt
12. Moment Nm
13. Pressure N/m2 of Pascal or kg/ms2
14. Angular velocity Radian/s
15. Angular acceleration Radian/s2
16. Frequency S-1 or Hz (hertz)
17. Moment of Inertia Kg m2
18. Gravitational Constant (G) Nm2/kg2
19. Gravitational potential m2/s2
20. Young’s Constant N/m2
21. Force Constant N/m or kg/s2
22. Surface Tension N/m
23. Velocity Gradient S-1
24. Viscosity Constant Nm2/s
25. Plank’s Constant Js or kg m2/s
26. Boltzmann constant J/K
27. Electric charge C (coulomb)
28. Electric potential or electric
V (Volt)
motive force (emf)
29. Resistance (ohm)
30. Magnetic Flux Weber

You might also like