UNIT-I

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Define the term Internet of Things (IoT) and discuss the characteristics of IoT. Also,
explain the physical design of IoT, including the functional blocks of IoT.
2. Describe the sensing and actuation processes in IoT. Discuss the various types of sensors
and actuators used in IoT.
3. Discuss the basics of networking and communication protocols in IoT. Also, explain the
importance of security in IoT networks.
4. Define sensor networks and provide an example of their application. Also, discuss the
challenges faced in designing and implementing sensor networks
5. Define IoT. Explain Characteristics of the IoT.
6. With neat diagram explain simplified IOT Architecture.
7. Explain different components of IoT system
8. Enlighten different IoT Protocols.
9. Illustrate the challenges of IoT and their impact, with any 1 example
10. How do IoT devices communicate? Explain with suitable diagrams.
11. What are the main challenges of an Internet of Things (IoT)
12. Why optimization is necessary for Internet Protocol.
13. What is an actuator? Explain how sensors and actuators interact with the physical
world.
14. How might wireless communications have an effect on the development and
implementation of the internet of things (IoT)? Explain.
15. List and explain different communication criterias in IoT
16. What are sensor networks? Explain their architecture, characteristics, and applications.
Explain IoT application protocol and their transport methods.

UNIT-II
1. Define M2M. Explain reasons of shifting from M2M to IoT.
2. Explain Modified OSI Stack for the IoT/M2M Systems.
3. What are some good resources to learn about Machine-to-Machine communication
(M2M)?
4. How does M2M communication work? Explain.
5. Express how to organizing and analytics in IoT/M2M?
6. What programming language is used with Arduino, and what are some key features of
this language?
7. What are some of the challenges associated with achieving interoperability in IoT?
8. Explain M2M Enabling Technologies.
 9. Write an Arduino program for bliking LED
10. What is void setup() and void loop() ?
11. How to use PWM is Arduino? Write the basic PWM Arduino program.
12. What are some common programming structures used in Arduino, such as loops and
conditional statements?
13. Explain the role of sensors and actuators in an Arduino-based system, and provide
some examples of each.
14. How do you connect a sensor to an Arduino board, and what are some common types
of sensors used with Arduino?
15. Describe the process of reading data from a sensor using Arduino, including how to
interpret analog and digital inputs.
16. What are some common challenges associated with integrating sensors and actuators
with Arduino, and how can they be addressed?
UNIT-III
1. Describe some common data types in Python, such as integers, floats, and strings.
2. Explain the concept of loops in Python, and provide some examples of how they can be
used.
3. Describe some common libraries in Python, such as NumPy and Pandas, and explain
how they can be used.
4. Provide an example of a project that involves using Python to solve a problem or
manipulate data, and describe the key components and functions of the system.
5. How can you set up a Raspberry Pi, including installing the operating system and
connecting peripherals?
6. What programming languages can be used with Raspberry Pi, and what are some key
features of these languages?
7. How can you use Raspberry Pi to interact with external components, such as sensors
and actuators?
8. Describe some common protocols used with Raspberry Pi, such as I2C or SPI, and
explain how they can be used to communicate with external components.
9. Provide an example of a project that involves using Raspberry Pi to solve a problem or
create a system, and describe the key components and functions of the system.
10. Explain the process of interfacing a Raspberry Pi with an LED. Include details on how
to set up the circuit, how to program the Raspberry Pi to control the LED, and any
potential challenges that may arise.
11. How can you interface a Raspberry Pi with a temperature sensor, such as the DS18B20?
Describe the process of setting up the circuit, reading data from the sensor, and
converting the data into a usable format.
12. Describe how to interface a Raspberry Pi with a servo motor. Include details on how to
set up the circuit, how to program the Raspberry Pi to control the motor, and any
potential challenges that may arise.
13. Describe how to interface a Raspberry Pi with a PIR (passive infrared) motion sensor.
Include details on how to set up the circuit, reading data from the sensor, and using the
data to trigger other actions or events.
14. Explain the concept of I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) and how it can be used to
communicate with external components, such as sensors or displays. Include details on
how to set up the circuit, how to program the Raspberry Pi to use I2C, and any potential
challenges that may arise.
15. How can you interface a Raspberry Pi with an LCD display, such as the 16x2 character
display? Describe the process of setting up the circuit, controlling the display using
Python code, and displaying text or other information on the display.
16. What are some of the key challenges that must be considered when implementing IoT
with Raspberry Pi? How can these challenges be addressed?
17. Describe the steps involved in setting up a Raspberry Pi as an IoT device. What
hardware and software components are required, and how do they interact with each
other?
18. What are some of the potential applications of IoT with Raspberry Pi? How can this
technology be used in industries such as healthcare, agriculture, and transportation?
UNIT-IV
1. Explain the process of developing an IoT project using a Raspberry Pi. What are the key
steps involved, and what tools and resources are typically used?
2. Discuss the role of sensors in IoT development with Raspberry Pi. What types of
sensors are commonly used, and how do they integrate with the Raspberry Pi?
3. Describe the programming languages and frameworks commonly used for IoT
development with Raspberry Pi. How do these tools help developers create reliable
and scalable IoT solutions?
4. Describe the process of integrating IoT devices with cloud services using Raspberry Pi.
How can cloud services be used to store and analyze data, and what are some of the
challenges involved in this process?
5. Discuss the role of security in IoT development with Raspberry Pi. What are some of
the key security challenges associated with IoT systems, and how can these challenges
be addressed?
6. Describe a real-world example of an IoT application developed using Raspberry Pi.
What were the key challenges involved in developing this application, and how were
these challenges addressed?
7. What are some of the emerging trends and technologies that are likely to shape the
future of IoT, and how can developers prepare for these changes?
8. What is Software Defined Networking (SDN)? Describe the key components of an SDN
architecture, and explain how they interact with each other.
9. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of SDN compared to traditional networking
architectures. How does SDN enable greater flexibility and scalability in network
design?
10. Explain the concept of network virtualization and its role in SDN. How can virtualization
be used to create multiple virtual networks within a single physical network
infrastructure?
11. Describe the OpenFlow protocol and its importance in SDN. How does OpenFlow
enable centralized network control, and what are some of the challenges associated
with its implementation?
12. Discuss the role of controllers in SDN. What are some of the key functions of a
controller, and how do different types of controllers (e.g. OpenDaylight, ONOS) differ
from each other?
13. Explain the importance of network security in SDN. What are some of the key security
challenges associated with SDN, and how can these challenges be addressed?
14. Describe the key components of an SDN-based IoT architecture, and explain how they
interact with each other. How can this architecture enable greater flexibility and
scalability in IoT network design?
15. What is the difference between structured and unstructured data, and how can they
be analyzed? Describe some common methods used to analyze both types of data.
16. What is the role of data warehousing in data handling and analytics? How can data
warehouses be used to store and manage large volumes of data, and what are some of
the challenges associated with this approach?
17. What is the role of data visualization in data handling and analytics? How can
visualizations be used to help users understand and interact with data, and what are
some best practices for creating effective visualizations?
UNIT-V
1. Describe the different types of cloud deployment models and explain their benefits
and drawbacks.
2. What are the key security challenges associated with cloud computing and how can
they be mitigated?
3. Describe the different types of cloud service models (SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS) and their
use cases.
4. What is a sensor-cloud and how does it work? Discuss the architecture and components
of a sensor-cloud.
5. How does sensor-cloud technology relate to the Internet of Things (IoT)? Discuss the
role of sensor-clouds in collecting and processing data from IoT devices.
6. Discuss the ethical considerations associated with sensor-clouds. What are the
implications for privacy and data protection, and how can they be addressed?
7. What are the key differences between a sensor network and a sensor-cloud? Discuss the
advantages and drawbacks of each approach.
8. What is a smart city and how does it use IoT technology to improve urban life? Discuss
the key components of a smart city, such as smart transportation, smart energy, and
smart buildings.
9. What are the benefits of smart homes in IoT? Discuss the advantages of using
connected devices and sensors to monitor and control various aspects of a home, such
as lighting, temperature, and security.
10. What are the challenges associated with implementing smart cities and smart homes in
IoT? Discuss issues such as data privacy, security, and interoperability.
11. Discuss the ethical considerations associated with IoT technology in smart cities and
smart homes. What are the implications for privacy and data protection, and how can
they be addressed?
12. What are connected vehicles and how do they use IoT technology? Discuss the
advantages of using connected vehicles for transportation.
13. What is a smart grid and how does it use IoT technology to manage energy distribution?
Discuss the benefits of using smart grids for energy efficiency and renewable energy
integration.
14. What is the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)? How is it different from the consumer
IoT?
15. Discuss the potential benefits of IIoT for industrial operations. How can IIoT improve
operational efficiency, reduce downtime, and optimize production?
16. Provide a case study of an IoT implementation in agriculture. Discuss the challenges
faced, the technology used, and the outcomes achieved.
17. Provide a case study of an IoT implementation in healthcare. Discuss the challenges
faced, the technology used, and the outcomes achieved.
18. Provide a case study of an IoT implementation in activity monitoring. Discuss the
challenges faced, the technology used, and the outcomes achieved