ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

CHAPTER 1: THE IMPORTANCE, MEANING, AND 2) SOCIAL

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART – REVIEWER • Art is used for public display and celebration
• Bridges connection among people
The Importance of Art • Conveys a sense of family, community, or Civilization.
• Indescribable to define and difficult to gather into a 3) CULTURAL FUNCTION
conceptual net, but we would agree that the arts enhance
• Art helps preserve, share, and transmit culture of people
daily experiences
from one generation to another.
• It is all around us
• Universal and found in all cultures 4) AESTHETIC FUNCTION
• All art received by the senses have a purpose
• Captures audience attention • Art becomes influential for man to be aware of the
beauty of nature
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART • When there is the real feelings of appreciation to
❖Art is Universal nature’s beauty and are manifested through appreciation
▪ Art has always been timeless and universal, spanning and enjoyment when in contact with the artwork.
generations and continents through and through
5) SPIRITUAL FUNCTION
❖Art is Not Nature
▪ Art is man’s expression of his reception of nature • An artist may create a work of art to reinforce the
▪ Art is man’ way of interpreting nature religious or spiritual support of a culture
❖Art Involves Experience
▪ Unlike fields of knowledge that involve data, art is known
by experiencing. A work of art then cannot be abstracted BASIC PHILOSOPHICAL PERSPECTIVES OF ART
from actual doing. In order to know what an artwork is, we
have to sense it, see or hear it, and see AND hear it. 1. ART AS MIMESIS

• According to Plato, art is an imitation of the real that was

FUNCTIONS OF ART an imitation of the ideal
• All arts have function, for man, the maker, creates things
because he has a particular need for them. • “Art is an imitation of an imitation” Mimesis – a
Must Art Communicate? representation or imitation of the real world in art and
• What is communicated by a church? A vase? A furniture? literature.
FUNCTIONS OF ART 2. ART AS A REPRESENTATION
• Personal
• Social • According to Aristotle, the aim of art is not to represent
• Cultural Function the outward appearance of things but their inward
• Aesthetic Function significance
• Spiritual Function
3. ART FOR ART’S SAKE
FUNCTIONS OF ART
1) PERSONAL • According to Kant, art has its own reason for being.
• Provides comfort and convenience to human beings
• Implies that an art object is best understood as
• Artist tries to express his / her personal feelings through
autonomous creation to be valued only for its success as it
the artwork
organizes color and line into a formally satisfying and
• Arts are vehicles for the artists’ expression of their
beautiful whole.
feelings and ideas. The arts also serve as means of
expression for us. 4. ART AS AN ESCAPE
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

• The ceremony of doing and creating art touches the is a series of still images that when shown on a screen
deepest realms of the mind and the sacred dimension of creates an illusion of moving images.
the artistic creative process.
d) Theatre- is a collaborative form of art that uses live
• The sacred level of art not only transforms something performers, typically actors and actresses, to present the
into art, but also transforms the artist at the very core of experience of a real or imagined event before a live
his /her own being. audience in a specific place, often a stage.

5. ART AS FUNCTIONAL e) Literary– is concentrating the writing, study or content

of literature, especially on the kind valued for quality of
• Art is meant to be used, to enrich lives, to be spiritually
form
potent
f) Performance poetry – is poetry specifically composed
• To educate, to support, to protest existing power
for, or during a performance before an audience rather
structures
than on print mostly open to Improvisation.
• To entertain
3. DIGITAL ART

a) It is the art that is made with the assistance of electronic

4 CATEGORIES / CLASSIFICATION OF ARTS devices, or intended to be displayed on a

• 1. Visual Arts computer, which is the most important element in digital

art.
• 2. Performing / Combined Arts
4. Applied Arts
• 3. Digital Art
These are the application of design and decoration to
• 4. Applied Arts everyday objects to make them aesthetically pleasing.
1. VISUAL ARTS (2D, 3D) a) Fashion design – the art of applying design, aesthetics,
a) Painting– the application of pigment (color) on any flat and natural beauty to clothing and accessories.
two-dimensional surfaces. b) Furniture design – a specialized field where fashion and
b) Sculpture– the carving, modelling, casting, constructing function collide.
and assembling of materials and objects into primarily c) Interior design – is enhancing the interior of a building to
three-dimensional works of art. achieve a healthier and more aesthetically pleasing
c) Architecture– the art and science of planning, designing environment for the people using the place.
and constructing buildings and nonbuilding structures for d) Graphic design – it is an artistic process of effective
human shelter or use (3D). communication. The designer combines words, images and
2. PERFORMING / COMBINED ARTS symbols to create a visual representation of ideas.

a) Music–is an art form and cultural activity whose

medium is sound organized in time.

b) Dance–is the movement of the body in a rhythmic way,

usually to music and within a given space for the purpose
of expressing an idea or emotion.

c) Film– also called movie or motion picture,

 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

CHAPTER 2: SUBJECT AND CONTENT from if the artwork is an example of representational art.
From the figure(s) depicted in the artwork, there is already
– REVIEWER-
a suggestion as to its inspiration.

Artists throughout history have explored diverse ways of

TYPES OF SUBJECTS: REPRESENTATIONAL ART representing nature: from plants to animals; the qualities
of bodies of water and the terrain of landmasses; and even
Portraits such as the "Mona Lisa" are good examples of the perceivable cycles and changing of seasons.
what is called representational art. These types of art have
subjects that refer to objects or events occurring in the real One artist who was attuned with nature was Vincent van
world. Gogh. He saw art and nature as inseparable, often finding
solace and happiness in painting in it (working in the
it is also termed figurative art, because as the name middle of unspoiled fields) and painting from it
suggests, the figures depicted are easy to make out and (landscapes). In a letter to his brother Theo, he wrote "...if
decipher. Despite not knowing who Mona Lisa is, it is clear I felt no love for nature and my work, then I would be
that the painting is of a woman that is realistically- unhappy." (Van Gogh Museum, 1882)
proportioned; only the upper torso is shown; a beguiling
and mysterious smile is flashed; and that the background Commissioned by Pope Julius II, the intricate fresco that
is a landscape-probably a view from a window. lines the Sistine Chapel was created by Michelangelo. The
immense detail and vast surface he had to cover had him
working on it from 1508 to 1512.
NON-REPRESENTATIONAL ART AND ABSTRACT ART During the Spanish colonial period in the Philippines, art
One source of confusion is the notion that non- was predominantly representational. During the first
representational art is the same as abstract art. An century of their dominance, art came as an aid for
abstract work of Pablo Picasso is a great example to communication a means of propagating religion to locals
illustrate this. Although he is more known for his paintings, who spoke a different language. The visual arts, from
he also dabbled into other works including sculptures. paintings to early sculptures such as santos and other
votive figures and icons, were created to assist Catholic
Cut metal that is hinged on a metal base, there is a palpable ministry. Existing art and craft traditions persisted, with
distortion of the image-whatever it is seems to be melting. some augmented and infused with foreign influences that
Even without reading the title from the caption, mere were not limited to the Spanish culture through contact.
seconds of looking at the combination of lines, shapes, and
colors of the sculpture will point to a head of a woman.

Abstract art is in itself a departure from reality, but the CONTENT IN ART
extent of that departure determines whether it has When this question is asked, we are after the meaning or
reached the end of the spectrum, which is non message that is expressed or communicated by the
representationality-a complete severance from the world. artwork. One of the foremost scholars that expounded on
content analysis or how meaning is arrived at is art
historian Erwin Panofsky in his seminal work Meaning in
SOURCES AND KINDS OF SUBJECT the Visual Arts (1983). His methodology will be later
For non-representational art, a higher level of identified as Iconology through the interpretation of
perceptiveness and insight might be required to fully grasp iconography.
the feeling, emotion, or concept behind the work. It is FACTUAL MEANING - This pertains to the most
perhaps easier to infer where the subject matter comes rudimentary level of meaning for it may be extracted from
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

the identifiable or recognizable forms in the artwork and CHAPTER 3: THE ARTIST AND THE ARTISANS
understanding how these elements relate to one another.
– REVIEWER -
CONVENTIONAL MEANING - hand, pertains to the
acknowledged interpretation of the artwork using motifs,
signs, symbols and other cyphers as bases of its meaning. Artist Vs. Artisans
These conventions are established through time,
strengthened by recurrent use and wide acceptance by its What is an artist?
viewers or audience and scholars who study them. An artist is a person who performs all forms of creative arts.
Michelangelo's Creation of Adam" can be read using The specialty of an artist is that he is able to create art for
various levels of meaning previously discussed. There, the sake of art itself without needing any ulterior motives.
Adam is figured with an aged God, both of them with an It is believed that through art the artist can create a change
arm stretched and their respective index fingers appearing in society
to be fixed at an impending contact Apart from God who is ARTIST
wearing a tunic, everyone else is in the nude.
The word "artist" is generally defined as an art practitioner,
such as a painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, writer,
poet, musicians, and the like, who produces or creates
indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using
imagination. Thus, artists provide us with paintings,
sculptures, dances, music, literary pieces, and so on, as a
means of provoking our thoughts, ideas, and emotions that
are necessary to discover ourselves and our being.

Artists are creative individuals who use their imagination

and skills to communicate in an art form. They use the
materials of an art to solve visual problems. Artists look to
many sources for inspiration. Some look forward to their
natural and cultural environment for ideas; others look
within themselves for creative imagination.

Artists exhibit the courage to take risks. They are able to

see their surroundings in new and unusual ways. They are
willing to intensely for long periods of time to achieve their
goals. Some artists are self-taught and have been called
folk-artists because they are not educated in traditional
artistic methods. Just like the artists, the artisans learn
skills and techniques from some other artists but
eventually, both artists and artisans, develop their own
unique styles

ARTISAN

An artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter, carver,

plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like,
who produces directly functional and/or decorative arts.
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

Artisans help us in meeting our basic needs, such as food, An artist is not an artisan, and vice-versa.
shelter, clothing, dwelling, furniture, and kitchen utensils;
An artisan is a worker who practices a trade or a craft. It is
they craft everything that makes our life easy. The artisan's
synonymous to craftsman. An artisan organizes themselves
works are useful, relevant and essential in our everyday
into guilds, and these became prevalent during the Middle
life. They serve us for a long time, supplying us directly
Ages. Each guild had a specialization or trade, like
functional arts
shoemakers, textiles, and glass workers, carpenters,
The artisan is basically a physical worker who makes carvers, masons, armors, and weapon makers, among
objects with his or her hands, and who through skill, others.
experience, and ability can produce things of great beauty,
as well as usefulness. The artist on the other hand, is
someone devoted only to the creative part, making visually CHARACTERISRICS OF AN ARTIST AND OF AN ARTISAN
pleasant work only for the gratification and appreciation of
the viewer but with no practical value. CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARTIST AND ARTISAN

ARTISTIC VALUE

RENOWENED ARTISTS ARTIST-The object has a clear artistic value.

Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890) ARTISAN The object has an artistic value.

Ducth post impressionest painter who is among the most EUNCTIONAL VALUE
famous and influential figures in the history of Western Art. ARTIST ---The object has no functional value. ARTISAN The
"STARRY NIGHT" object has a functional value.

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni (1475-1564) OBJECT

He known as Michelangelo, was an Italian sculptor, painter, ARTIST- The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is
architect, and poet of the High Renaissance. Born in the appreciated for this quality as it pleases the individual.
Republic of Florence, his work was inspired by models from ARTISAN- The object though utilitarian has certain
classical antiquity and had a lasting influence on Western aesthetic attributes to it.
art. "CREATION OF ADAM"

MEDIUM AND TECHNIQUES IN ART

THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ARTIST AND ARTISANS
A medium is the material which the artist uses to
ARTIST VS ARTISAN communicate and translate his feelings, ideas, or thoughts.
An artist is dedicated only to the creative side, making A technique, on the other hand, refers to the manner in
visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment and which the artist controls his medium to achieve the desired
appreciation of the viewer, but with no functional value. effect.

On the other hand, an artisan is essentially a manual MEDIUMS OF ART

worker who makes items with his or her hands, and who I. VISUAL
through skill, experience and talent can create things of
great beauty as well as being functional. A. Tempera. Paints are mineral pigments mixed with egg
yolk or egg white and ore. They are often used as a binder
Artisans due to its film-forming properties and rapid drying rate.
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

B. Tapestry. This is a fabric consisting of a wrap upon which "Art is the queen of all sciences communicating knowledge
colored threads are woven by hand to produce a design. to the generations of the world." (Leonardo da Vinci)

C. Charcoal. These are carbonaceous materials obtained by Artisans through their skills make and install things that can
heating wood or other organic substances in the absence be used at homes, offices, and industries. Help fix things
of air. for individuals, businesses, governmental and non-
government organizations.
D. Silverpoint. In this medium, the artist draws with a silver
stylus on specially prepared paper to produce a thin grayish Artisan services are sources of blue-collar jobs that can
line. It was popular during the Renaissance period. reduce unemployment, poverty, and social vices. They
enable people who are not financially buoyant or
E. Print. Anything printed on a surface that is a direct result
academically sound to be useful to themselves, their
of a duplicating process
families and the society by learning vocational and
tehcnical skills.

MEDIUMS OF ART II.

SCULPTURE Three Stages in the Creative Process

A. Stone 1. Germination (Idea) - is the initial moment when you

conceive a new project in your life. It is a moment with a
The hard substance formed from mineral and earth lot of energy coming out of the future you envision. It is
material. The finish is granular and dull in apprearance. powerful time you will have to use wisely for providing the
B. Jade right steps to move forward. In the germination stage, you
are planting the seeds of your creation. The most
A fine, green stone which is used widely in Ancient China. important and difficult thing in this stage is choosing. You
C. Metal need to be more specific about what you want to do. You
have to learn to choose well, to make good decisions.
Includes any of a class of elementary substances as gold,
silver, or copper, characterized by ductility, conductivity, 2. Assimilation - a crucial step in the creative process
and peculiar luster. because you will plan, analyze it, and cultivate it with all
the available resources. It follows an organic path, with its
D. Broze own rhythms and needs. Sometimes it will look chaotic and
difficult to manage, do not try to intervene to change this
A by-product of metal consisting of copper and thin, and is
process or adapt it to your convenience. You will likely to
one of the most universally popular metals and sculptures.
be unsuccessful and put the whole project in danger.
E. Brass
3. Completion - is the time to finish your project, to give it
An alloy of copper and zinc, although not popularly used to the final shape before you present it to the audience. It
because of its limitations as a medium. is a difficult time because your energy will be little and
likely dispersed with a new vision. Put a deadline to your
projects and do not get entangled in small a never-ending
IMPORTANCE details. A BEAUTIFUL WAY TO CONCLUDE YOUR PROJECTS
IS BY CELEBRATING THEM. Celebrating is a great
Artists are the most important members of the society opportunity to share with other people your happiness for
because they help us to envision our thoughts that may not hat you have done. Afterward you will be ready to start
be tolerated in the social and political paradigm of our again.
society.
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

mahahato and is part of the Buther people of the larger

Kalings ethnic group. She was wanded Dangal ng Hanyu
There Stages in Art making. Art making can be assisted with
Aars in 2018 equivalent to National Artist
art explination, concept development, and at production.
In the creative pocos, the artist undergoes three stage of
experience which are popularly known
The last Kalinga tattoo artist
1. PRE-PRODUCTION OR SUBJECT DEVELOPMENT- and
RECOGNITION AND AWARD FOR ARTIST AND ARTISAN
when the planning ends, and the contest starts being
produced 1. Gawad sa Manlilikhang Bayan (GAMABA) National Living
Treasure Award
2. PRODUCTION OR MEDIUM MANIPULATION - a method
of joining diverse material inputs and unimportant inputs The Award was institutionalized in 1992 through Republic
iplans, know-how to make something for consumption (the Act No. 7335. The National Commission for Culture and the
outpur). It is the act of creating out. a good service that han Arts (NCAA), which is the highest policy-making and
significance and combates to the utility of individuals coordinating body of the Philippines for culture and the
arts, was tasked with the implementation. The award is
3. POST PRODUCTION (COMPLETION) OR EXHIBITION -
conferred upon a Filipino citizen or group of Filipino citizen
once an artwork is finished, it will be displayed, circulated,
engaged in any traditional art uniquely Filipino, whose
and performed for the audience and public to see or watch.
distinctive skills have reached such a high level of technical
Medium and Technique and artistic excellence and have been passed on to and
widely practiced by the present generation in his/her
Medium-relies to the materials that are used by an artist to
community with the same degree of technical and artistic
create a work of art. The plural for of medium in media.
competence.
Without the medium, an idea remain a concept, or at
would just dwell in the walls of the artist's imaginations. It
is challenging to mandate median and trans it from its raw
BECOME A MANLILIKHA NG BAYAN?
state.
To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan, an individual or group
candidate must: a. Possess a
Technique
mastery of tools and materials needed for the traditional,
It refers to the amst's ability and knowledge or technical folk art and be a maker of works of
know-how in manipulating the medium, it is the manner by
extraordinary technical quality:
which the artist controls the mediam to achieve the
desired effects; thus is in the technique that artists differ 1. Have consistently produced works of superior quality
from one another. Making an artwork requires technical. over significant period;
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER (Story Map) 2. Have engaged in a traditional and folk art which has been
in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years;
This is a visual and graphic display that depicts the
relationship among the facts, terms, and or deas within a 3. Command respect and inspire admiration of the country
learning task. It is also sometimes referred to as knowledge with his character and integrity;
map, concept map, cognitive ganizer, advance organizer,
or concept diagram Graphic organizer of ApoWhang-od 4. Must have transferred and/or willing to transfer to other
Oggay, a Filipina tattoo artist from Buscales. Tingalan, members of the community the skills in the traditional and
Kalinga. She is often described as the "last" and eldest folk arts for which the community has become nationally
known.
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

5. However, a candidate who, due to age or infirmity, has 7. Federico Caballero, epic chanter, Sulid- Bukidnon, Iloilo,
left him/her/them incapable of teaching further Poetry/ Epic Chant(Sugidanon). 2000
his/her/their craft, may still be recognized provided that
8. Uwang Ahadas, musician, Lamitan, Basilan, music,
he/she/they must possess the qualifications as
(Yakan specially Kulintang, Kwitang Kayu, gabbang agung,
enumerated above.
and tuntungan), 2000

9. Darhata Sawabi, (d. 2005), weaver, Parang Sulu, weaving

Duties and Responsibilities of Awardees (pis Syabit),2004

The Manlilikha ng Bayan is a link between the past, in 10. Eduardo Mutuc, metalsmith/metal sculptor, Apalit
which his/her traditional folk art four fertile soil for growth, Pampanga, Metalwork (Bronze and Silver),2004
and the future, during which he/she seeks his/her art to be
permanently sustained It becomes his/her responsibility,
therefore, to undertake the following: National Artist of the Philippines
(a) to transfer the skills o his/her traditional folk art to the The order of the National Artists is considered to be the
younger generation through apprenticeship and such highest national recognition for individuals who
other trainin methods as are found to be effective; contributed to the development of Philippine arts. The
NCCA and the Cultural Center of the Philippines together
(b) to cooperate with the implementing agency, as
administer this award. The President of the Philippines
provided fo in Sec. 7 of this Act in the promotion and
grants this award to an artist after both institutions give
propagation of his/her traditional folk arts; and
recommendations for this particular artist. This began in
(c) to donat to the National Museum a sample or copy of 1972 when Presidential Proclamation no. 1001, s. 1972 was
his/her work. enacted to recognize Filipino who made exceptional
contributions to Philippine arts and letters. Painter
Fernando Amorsolo was awarded the same year, making
The recipients of the GAMABA Award him the first national Artist.

1. Ginaw Bilog(d. 2003), artist and poet, Mansalay, Oriental The National Commission for Culture and the Arts and the
Mindoro Poetry (Ambahan), 1993 Cultural Center of the Philippines have set criteria for the
order of national artists. These criteria are as follows:
2. Masino Intaray (d. 2013), musician and epic chanter,
Brookes Point, Plawan, Poetry (Kulilaw and Bagit)Music 1. Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of
(Basal/ Gong), 1993 nomination, as well as those who died after the
establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino
3. Samanon Sulaiman (d. 2011), Musician, Mama sa Pano, citizens at the time of their death;
Maguindanao Music (kudyapi), 1993
2. Artists who, through the content and form of their
4. Lang Dulay (d.2015) textile waiver, Lake Sebu, South works, have contributed in building a Filipino sense of
Cotabato, waeving (T'nalak), 1998 nationhood;
5. Salinta Monon (d. 2009), weaver, Bansalan, Davao del 3. Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative
Sur, waeving(abaca-ikat/Inabal), 1998 expression or style, thus carning distinction and making an
6. Alonzo Saclag, musician and dancer, Lubugan, Kalinga impact on succeeding generations of artists
Province, Musician and Dancer (Kalinga). 2000
 ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER

4. Artists who have created a substantial and significant Even if exhibitions are frequent events, the concept of an
body of work and/or consistently displayed excellence in exhibition is quite wide and covers many variables.
the practice of their art form thus enriching artistic Exhibitions range from an extraordinarily large events,
expression or style, and such as a World" fair exposition to small one-artist solo
shows or a display of just one item. Curators are sometimes
5. Artists who enjoy broad ace through:
as concerned as the people who select the items in an
• prestigious national and/or international recognition, exhibition. Writers and editors are sometimes needed to
such as the Gawad CCP Para sa Sining, CCP Thirteen Artists write texts, labels, and accompanying printed materials
Award and NCCA Alab ng Huraya: such as catalogs and books. Architects, exhibition
designers, graphic designers, and any other designers may
Critical acclaim and or reviews of their works: be required to shape the exhibition space and give form to
Respect and esteem from peers. the editorial content. Organizing and holding exhibitions
also requires effective event planning, management, and
Truly, the Order of National Artists plays a vital role in the logistics.
development of Philippine arts in the contemporary
setting. This part is divided into three lessons to help Let's Wind Up
understand the roles of each National Artist and their One of the most interesting progressions in the affairs of
contribution to contemporary arts. man is the evolution of the artist throughout history. From
Insert pic of emblem of the order of the national artist of the banalities of the works he created to assist and inform
the Phils everybody, he was caught in the midst prevailing and
shifting ideologies, and utilized the power of the creativity
and imagination in attempt to grapple with the world
around him. An artist is a person who exhibits exceptional
skills in design, pining and the like who works in one of the
ART EXHIBITS performing arts, like an actor ve musician. There are two
kinds of artists-creators and perfonners. There a lot of
In general, an exhibition is a planned arrangement and
expectation and responsibility attached to artista.
display of a collection of items Actually, exhibition usually
Woodrow Wilson underscores, "You are not here merely to
take place within museums, galleries, and exhibition halls,
make a living. You are here in order to enable the world to
and World's fars. Exhibition can inchide many things, such
live more amply, with greater vision, with a finest spirit of
as art in both major mascams and smaller galleries,
hope and achievement. You are here to enrich the world,
interpretive exhibitions, natural history museums and
and impoverish yourself if you forget that errand"
history museums, and also varieties, such as more
commercially focused exhibitions and trade fairs.

The word "exhibition is usually, but not always, the wond

used for a collection of items mude available to an
audience. The term "exhibit generally refers to a single
item being shown within an exhibition. In most cases,
exhibits are considered temporary and usually scheduled
to open and close on specific dates. While many exhibitions
are shown in multiple locations and are called travelling
exhibitions, and some are online exhibitions
ART APPRECIATION REVIEWER