TABLE OF CONTENT

Title Pg. no.

Certificate 2
Candidate’s Declaration 3
Acknowledgment 4
Table of Content 5
Portable Ultrasonic Digital 6
Ruler-Introduction
Components Required 6-9
Connections 10
Working 11-20
Circuit Diagram 21-22
Ultrasonic Digital Ruler 23
Circuit Diagram
Arduino Ultrasonic Sensor 24-25
Code for Distance
Measurement
Conclusion 26
Components Required for Ultrasonic Ruler

 Arduino Nano board

 HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor

 I2C OLED Display Module

 9V Battery

 Jumper wire
CONNECTIONS

Ultrasonic Ruler
Just wire the: VCC of Ultrasonic sensor ---> 5V in Arduino Trig of Ultrasonic sensor --->
Pin 2 in Arduino Echo of Ultrasonic sensor ---> Pin 4 in Arduino GND of Ultrasonic sensor
---> To GND in Arduino And then just copy and paste the code above in your Arduino
IDE. To see the distance just go to Tools -> Serial Monitor or just put Ctrl+Shift+M or for
mac just Command+Shift+M.

Just wire the: VCC of Ultrasonic sensor ---> 5V in Arduino Trig of Ultrasonic sensor --->
Pin 2 in Arduino Echo of Ultrasonic sensor ---> Pin 4 in Arduino GND of Ultrasonic sensor
---> To GND in Arduino And then just copy and paste the code above in your Arduino
IDE. To see the distance just go to Tools -> Serial Monitor or just put Ctrl+Shift+M or for
mac just Command+Shift+M.
Ultrasonic Ruler

The Ultrasonic ruler helps you to measure things with Ultrasonic sounds.
WORKING

Here's a general explanation of how such a device might work:

1. Ultrasonic Transmitter and Receiver: The ruler would consist of an ultrasonic transmitter
and receiver. The transmitter emits ultrasonic waves, which are sound waves with
frequencies higher than the upper audible limit of human hearing. The receiver detects the
reflected waves.

2. Time-of-Flight Measurement: To measure the distance to an object, the ruler utilizes the
time-of-flight principle. The transmitter sends out a short burst of ultrasonic waves, which
travel through the air and bounce off the object. The receiver detects the reflected waves,
and the time it takes for the waves to travel back is measured.
3. Calculation of Distance: By knowing the speed of sound in air and the time it took for
the waves to travel back, the ruler can calculate the distance to the object. The speed of
sound in air is generally considered to be around 343 meters per second (depending on
factors like temperature and humidity).
4. Display and User Interface: The ruler would have a digital display that shows the
measured distance in a readable format, such as centimeters or inches. It would also have
user-friendly controls for operating the device, selecting measurement units, and other
settings.
5. Calibration and Accuracy: To ensure accurate measurements, the ruler may need
calibration. Calibration involves adjusting the device to compensate for any inherent errors
or discrepancies in the ultrasonic system. This could be done using known distances or
reference objects to verify the accuracy of the ruler.

6. Power Source: The ruler would require a 9V power source, such as batteries or a
rechargeable battery, to operate the ultrasonic components and the digital display.
7. Trigger Signal and Wave Transmission: To initiate a measurement, the ruler sends a
trigger signal to the ultrasonic transmitter. This signal prompts the transmitter to emit a
short burst of ultrasonic waves. The transmitted waves propagate through the air towards
the target object.

8. Reflection Detection: The receiver, located near the transmitter, waits for the reflected
waves to return. It continuously listens for the echoes or reflections of the emitted waves.
When the reflected waves reach the receiver, they cause a disturbance in the air, which is
converted into an electrical signal by the receiver's transducer.
9. Signal Processing: The electrical signal from the receiver is sent to signal processing
circuitry. This circuitry typically involves an amplifier to boost the weak received signal, a
filter to eliminate noise and unwanted frequencies, and a timer or microcontroller to
measure the time it takes for the waves to travel back.

10. Measurement Range: The measurement range of an ultrasonic digital ruler can vary
depending on the design and specifications. Typically, these rulers can measure distances
ranging from a few centimeters to several meters. The maximum range depends on factors
such as the power of the ultrasonic transmitter, the sensitivity of the receiver, and the
environment in which the ruler is used.
11. Resolution: The resolution of an ultrasonic digital ruler refers to the smallest increment
it can measure accurately. Higher resolution means the ruler can detect smaller changes in
distance. The resolution of the ruler depends on various factors, including the quality of the
ultrasonic components and the accuracy of the signal processing circuitry. It is generally
specified by the manufacturer and can range from fractions of a millimeter to a few
millimeters.

12. Beam Angle: Ultrasonic waves emitted by the transmitter spread out in a conical shape
from the ruler's sensor. The angle at which the ultrasonic waves spread is known as the
beam angle. A narrower beam angle allows for more precise measurements of small
objects, while a wider beam angle enables the ruler to cover a larger area for measuring
larger objects or surfaces.
13. Environmental Factors: The accuracy and performance of an ultrasonic digital ruler can
be affected by environmental factors. For instance, temperature and humidity can influence
the speed of sound in the air, which is necessary for accurate distance calculations. Changes
in air density due to temperature or humidity variations can introduce errors. Additionally,
objects with irregular surfaces, soft materials, or sound-absorbing properties may reflect or
scatter ultrasonic waves differently, potentially affecting the measurement results.

14. Multiple Measurement Modes: Some ultrasonic digital rulers offer different
measurement modes to suit various applications. For example, they may have a single-point
measurement mode for measuring the distance to a specific object, or a continuous
measurement mode for continuously updating the distance as the ruler is moved. There may
also be area or volume calculation modes that allow users to determine the size or capacity
of objects based on measured distances.
15. Additional Features: Advanced ultrasonic digital rulers may come with additional
features to enhance their functionality. These can include data logging capabilities to store
and retrieve measured distances, Bluetooth or USB connectivity for data transfer to other
devices, backlighting for improved visibility in low-light conditions, and the ability to
switch between different measurement units or reference points.

16. Applications: Ultrasonic digital rulers find applications in various fields. They are
commonly used in construction, architecture, and interior design for measuring distances,
room dimensions, and object positioning. They can also be employed in manufacturing and
industrial settings for quality control, inspection, and positioning tasks. Additionally,
ultrasonic rulers are used in robotics, autonomous navigation systems, and even in
healthcare for medical imaging and diagnostic purposes.
17. Safety Considerations: It is important to note that ultrasonic digital rulers are safe to use
when following proper guidelines. The emitted ultrasonic waves are typically of low power
and do not pose any significant health risks. However, it's advisable to avoid pointing the
ruler directly at sensitive body parts, such as eyes or ears, and to adhere to the
manufacturer's safety instructions provided with the device.

Overall, an ultrasonic digital ruler employs ultrasonic waves, time-of-flight measurement,

signal processing, and distance calculation to determine the distance to an object. The
measured distance is then displayed on a digital screen, providing the user with accurate
and convenient distance measurements.