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Ch. 3 Study Guide Answer Key

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41 views10 pages

Ch. 3 Study Guide Answer Key

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jolietaggart27
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Name

Key
Period 30 pts.
Physical Science Chapter 3
Study Guide

Define the following terms: 1. Newton's Second Law of


Motion: relationship between force, mass, &
acceleration. 2. Friction: force that opposes the sliding
motion of two surfaces that are touching each other. 3.
Microwelds: tiny bumps where two surfaces that
touch cause friction. 4. Static Friction:_ frictional force
that prevents two surfaces from Sliding past each
other. 5. Sliding Friction: force that opposes the
motion of two surfaces Sliding past each other, 6.
Rolling Friction: frictional force between a rolling
object and the surface it pulls on. 7. Air Resistance:
friction-like force that opposes the motion of objects
that move through the air. 8. Terminal Velocity: the
largest Velocity reached by a
filling object.

9. Gravity: force that eveny object in the universe


exerts on every other object. 10. Range of
Gravity: gravitational ford
ravity: aravitational forces decrease as
distance increases. 11. Weight: measure of the
force of gravity on
an object.

12. Projectile: any object that can be thrown or shot


through the air 13. Centripetal Force: force that causes
objects to accelerate towards the center of a curved
path 14. Centripetal Acceleration: _acceleration
towards the center
of a curved path. 15. Newton's Third Law of Motion: States “
to every reaction there is an equal & opposite reaction." 16.
Action-Reaction Pairs: When a force is exerted on an object,
an equal & opposite force is exerted by the object. 17.
Momentum: property of a moving object resulting from the
product of its mass and velocity 18. Law of Conservation of
Momentum: States that if a group of objects exerts forces only
on each other, total mamentum does not change.

Short
Answer:

19. What is the formula for Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?


of Motion? _a=%m
20. List the four basic
forces.

Gravity Electromagnetic force, Strong & weak nuclear


forces
21. What is the formula for the Law of Universal
Gravitation?

22. What is the acceleration due to


gravity on Earth?
9.8 m
is

23. What is the formula for weight?

- W = mg
24. What is the formula for
momentum?

F
.
"
"
25. What is the formula for force and
changing momentum?
la tor force and
shoncino momentumn

26. Why don't action and reaction forces cancel?


because forces are exerted on two different
objects not just one object. 27. When two objects
collide in the same direction, what happens to the
momentum?
momentum is transferred

28. When two objects collide in opposite


directions, what happens to the momentum?
*!

momentum is
cancele
d
out.
r
29. Why would a flat sheet of paper and a wad of paper with the
same mass not fall through the air at the same rate?
y
.

flat sheet of paper has more air resistance

30. Explain in detail how mass is different from weight.


weight is a force mass is a measurement of the
amount of matter. Weight includes cavity mass does
not.

31. Explain how gravity can act


as a centripetal force.

Earthś gravity exerts a centripetal force on the


Moon
that keeps it moving in a circular orbit.
31. What units are used to measure
the following:
a. Force

b. Weight

c. Momentum d.
Mass e.
Velocity f.
Acceleration
mis
mis?

Calculations:

F = (85)(5.5) - 467.5N
32. An object with a mass of 85 kg and has an acceleration of
5.5 m/s2. What is the net force
applied to the
object? m=85kg
Fma a=5.5
m/s2 F = ?
33. A 3200 N force is applied to an object that has a mass of 160 kg.
What is the acceleration of
the object?
F: 3200N
m=160kg a
= ?
34. What is the mass of an object if the net force acting on it is 5000 N
and the acceleration is 3.4
m/s?? F =
5000N a=3.4
mis?
-
a='F/m a= 320%60 - 120
mis?

m=F/a m= 500% 3.4 -1470.59 kg


m=?
35. If a scale on Earth reads your weight as 650 N,
what is your mass? W = 650N m=W/a
m=?
9=4.8 mis?
m= 650%4.8=106.33 kg

36. If your mass is 75 kg and your weight on Jupiter is 1950 N,


what is the acceleration due to
gravity on
Jupiter? m= 75kg
W= 1950 N
g=W/m g=1950 15 = 26 7152
g=?

37. What is the weight of a person with a mass of 50 kg on Earth?


What is the weight of the
same person on the moon if the moon has an acceleration
due to gravity of 1.6 m/s?? m=50kg
W=mg
gearth= 9.8mis? gmoon =
i.comis?
Wecuth = (50)(9,8) = 1490 N
Wmoon = (50)(1.60) - 180N
38. If a 5000 kg car is moving with a velocity of 43 m/s, what is the
momentum of the car? m=5000kg
P=mu
V= 43 mis p= ?
p= (5000)(43) - 1215000 kg mis
39. What is the mass of a car that has a speed of 30 m/s and a momentum of 45000

kg•m/s? m =? V= 30mis
P=45000 kg mis
m=P/ m= 4500920 - 1500 kg]
40. What is the velocity of an object with a mass of 50 kg and a
momentum of 1500 kg.m/s? m=50kg
V= ?
v=P/m
V= 150950 - 30mis
P=1500 kg
mis

FP (MVF - Muit
41. What is the net force on a 4000 kg car that doubles its speed from 15 m/s to 30
m/s over 10
seconds?
m= 4000kg
Vi - 15 mis
VF - 30mis
E- (4000)(30) –
(4000)(15) t=105
2000 N
jo
VW TY..

42. What is the weight of a person with a


mass of 80 kg? m=80kg Wamg
g=9.8mis? W=?
W= (80)(9.8) - 784N
43. Complete the table below by calculating the missing
values.

Objec
t
Mass
Velocit
y

10 kg
30 m/s
Momentum

А
7
300 kg, mis
325
kg-m/s
в
25 m/s
13 kg
25 kg
20kg
13 mis
325
kg-m/s

25 m/s
500
kg.m/s

44. Use the information in the table above to answer the


following questions.

a. Which object has the greatest


momentum?
Obiect D
b. Which object has the least
momentum?
-
object
A

C. How does the momentum of object B compare with the


momentum of object C?

momen)
momentum is the same.

d. Why is the momentum for object B greater


than the momentum for object A?
mass is greater for object B.

e. What factor causes object D to have a


greater momentum than object C?
velocity is greater of object D.

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