Scribd
Upload
28 views13 pages

Azure Interview

Uploaded by

dig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
28 views13 pages

Azure Interview

Uploaded by

dig
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Data Engineering Interview

Questions and Answers


\
Interviewer:
Your company uses Azure services to integrate data from
multiple sources and create analytical dashboards.
Suppose you need to ingest and process 2 TB of data daily
from three different sources: SQL Server, an SFTP server,
and REST APIs. How would you design the data pipeline?
I would use Azure Data Factory (ADF) as the primary
tool to orchestrate the pipeline:
Use Copy Activity in ADF to ingest data from SQL
Server, SFTP, and REST APIs.

Set up a self-hosted integration runtime for on-


premises SQL Server connectivity.

Land the ingested data in Azure Data Lake


Storage Gen2 for staging.

Use Mapping Data Flows or Azure Databricks for


data transformation, including cleansing,
deduplication, and enrichment.

Load the transformed data into Azure Synapse


Analytics for analytical querying and reporting
Interviewer:

How would you optimize this pipeline to handle


potential bottlenecks, such as high latency or
failures during data ingestion?
Candidate:
Parallelism: Increase the degree of parallelism in
ADF Copy Activities to ingest data faster.

Retries and Monitoring: Enable retry policies in


ADF and integrate with Azure Monitor and Log
Analytics for real-time failure tracking and
resolution.

Partitioning: For SQL and large datasets, use


source-side partitioning to split data into smaller
chunks for parallel processing.

Integration Runtimes: Ensure the self-hosted


runtime is scaled to match ingestion workloads.

Throughput Optimization: Optimize Data Lake


and Synapse settings, such as file sizes and
caching, to reduce downstream processing
latency.
Interviewer:
How would you secure the pipeline and ensure
compliance with standards like GDPR?
Candidate:
Data Encryption: Enable encryption at rest in
Data Lake and Synapse using Azure-managed
keys or customer-managed keys (CMK).

Access Control: Use Azure RBAC to ensure only


authorized users can access data and pipeline
configurations.

Data Masking: Apply dynamic data masking or


pseudonymization to sensitive fields, such as
personally identifiable information (PII).

Private Endpoints: Use Azure Private Link to


ensure data does not traverse the public
internet.

Auditing and Monitoring: Implement activity


logs and Azure Policy to enforce compliance
standards across services.
Interviewer:
Suppose the analytics team complains about slow query
performance in Synapse. How would you investigate and
resolve this?
Query Analysis: Use the Query Performance
Insight in Synapse to identify long-running
queries and their execution plans.

Indexing: Ensure proper indexing and


statistics updates on frequently queried
columns.

Distribution Strategy: Evaluate the table


distribution (hash, round-robin, or replicated)
and adjust for better parallelism.

Materialized Views: Create materialized views


for pre-aggregated datasets.

Caching: Use Result Set Caching to reduce


query response times for repeated queries.
Interviewer:
If the pipeline needs to process real-time data in addition
to batch data, how would you extend the design?
I would incorporate Azure Stream Analytics or
Azure Databricks Structured Streaming:

Use Azure Event Hubs or IoT Hub to ingest


real-time data.

Process the data using Stream Analytics


queries or Databricks Structured Streaming,
applying filters, aggregations, and joins as
needed.

Write the processed real-time data into Delta


Lake for a unified view with batch data.

Integrate Power BI for real-time dashboarding


using DirectQuery or streaming datasets.

This hybrid design ensures we can handle both


real-time and batch processing seamlessly.
FOR CAREER GUIDANCE,
CHECK OUT OUR PAGE

www.nityacloudtech.com

You might also like