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FEM Lecture-8

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6 views16 pages

FEM Lecture-8

Uploaded by

Abhijeet Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1AEPC401 - FINITE

ELEMENT METHODS
Prepared by
Mr. BASITHRAHMAN A,
Assistant professor, ADCET, Ashta.
TYPES OF 1-D ELEMENT

● ROD
● BAR
● BEAM
● PIPE
● AXISYMMETRIC CELL
ROD

● Tension / compression force acting on it.


● The displacement and rotation in x-axis. (Ux and Rx)

APPLICATION:

● Tension and compression members (Truss)


● Shafts subjected to torque
● Connection elements
BAR

● Applicable for symmetrical cross section


● 6 Degrees of Freedom acting on each node.
○ 3 Displacement (Ux, Uy, Uz)
○ 3 Rotations (ROTx, ROTy, ROTz)

APPLICATION:

● Shaft subjected to multiaxial loading


● Bolted and welded connections
● Connection elements
BEAM

● Same as bar element also


support unsymmetric
sections.
APPLICATION:
● Shaft subjected to multiaxial
loading
● Bolted and welded
connections
● Connection elements
PIPE

● Same as beam. It has internal non zero diameter.

APPLICATION

● PIPING SYSTEM
● STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
AXISYMMETRIC SHELL

● The DOF (Ux, Uz, Ry) is acting on every


node.
● Z is the axis of symmetry for
axisymmetric
● X is the radial axis.
● For objects symmetric about axis of
rotation & subjected to axisymmetric
boundary conditions
APPLICATION
● Thin shell pressure vessel
● Cylindrical
● Conical Objectives
STIFFNESS MATRIX DERIVATION

What is stiffness & why do we need it in FEA

● Stiffness K is defined as FORCE / Length


(N/mm).
● Stiffness is equal to force required to
produce unit displacement.
● Stiffness depends on geometry as well as
material properties.

Consider 3 rods of exactly same geometrical dimensions - Cast iron, Mild steel, Aluminium.
If we measure force required to produce 1mm displacement. which material required max
force?
● Now consider 3 different c/s of
same material. Again force required
to produce unit deformation will be
different .
● Hence stiffness depends on
geometry as well as materials.
IMPORTANCE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX

● For structural analysis is very important property.


● Equation for linear static analysis is [F]=[K][D]
● Force is usually known, displacement unknown & stiffness is characteristic
property of element
● This means if we formulate stiffness matrix for a given space then analysis
of any geometry could be performed by meshing it and solving the equation.
Methods for formulating stiffness matrix

1. Direct Method
2. Variation method
3. Weighted Residual Method

Direct method is easy to understand but difficult to formulate (Computer


programming). When variational & weighted residual are difficult to understand
but easy from programming view.
Rod Element Stiffness Matrix Derivation

Direct Method:
● Assume there are n DOF for a given
element.
● Step-1 - Assume 1st DOF is not equal to
zero and rest all DOF = 0. This will lead to
equation 1
● Step-2 - Assume 2nd DOF is not equal to
zero and the rest all DOF =0. This will lead to
equation 2.
Rod Element Stiffness Matrix Derivation

Direct Method:

● Step n) Assume nth DOF is not equal to


Zero, rest all DOF = 0. This will lead to
equation n.
● Step n+1) Sum the equations 1+2+3+....+n
● Step n+1 will give us the most generalized
formulation of stiffness matrix.
Stiffness Matrix Formulation (Direct Method)

CASE-1
Stiffness Matrix Formulation (Direct Method)

CASE-2
Stiffness Matrix Formulation (Direct Method)

CASE-3

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