Hayat institute

Class 12th – PROBABILITY/ LPP

1. In a school, there are 1000 students, out of which 430 are girls. It is
known that out of 430, 10% of the girls study in class XII. What is the
probability that a student chosen randomly studies in Class XII given
that the chosen student is a girl?
2. A die is thrown three times. Events A and B are defined as below: A : 4
on the third throw B : 6 on the first and 5 on the second throw Find the
probability of A given that B has already occurred.
3. A die is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed
to be 6. What is the conditional probability that the number 4 has
appeared at least once?
4. Consider the experiment of tossing a coin. If the coin shows head, toss it
again but if it shows tail, then throw a die. Find the conditional
probability of the event that ‘the die shows a number greater than 4’
given that ‘there is at least one tail’.
5. A fair die is rolled. Consider events E = {1,3,5}, F = {2,3} and G =
{2,3,4,5} Find (i) P(E|F) and P(F|E) (ii) P(E|G) and P(G|E) (iii) P((E ∪
F)|G) and P((E ∩ F)|G)
6. Consider the experiment of throwing a die, if a multiple of 3 comes up,
throw the die again and if any other number comes, toss a coin. Find the
conditional probability of the event ‘the coin shows a tail’, given that ‘at
least one die shows a 3’.
7. Three cards are drawn successively, without replacement from a pack of
52 well shuffled cards. What is the probability that first two cards are
kings and the third card drawn is an ace?
8. Given that the events A and B are such that P(A) = 1 2 , P(A ∪ B) = 3 5
and P(B) = p. Find p if they are (i) mutually exclusive (ii) independent.
9. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement from a box containing
10 black and 8 red balls. Find the probability that (i) both balls are red.
(ii) first ball is black and second is red. (iii) one of them is black and other
is red.
10. Probability of solving specific problem independently by A and B
are 1 2 and 1 3 respectively. If both try to solve the problem independently,
find the probability that (i) the problem is solved (ii) exactly one of them
solves the problem.
11. In a hostel, 60% of the students read Hindi newspaper, 40% read
English newspaper and 20% read both Hindi and English newspapers. A
student is selected at random.
(a) Find the probability that she reads neither Hindi nor English
newspapers.
(b) If she reads Hindi newspaper, find the probability that she reads
English newspaper.
(c) If she reads English newspaper, find the probability that she reads
Hindi newspaper.
12. A person has undertaken a construction job. The probabilities are
0.65 that there will be strike, 0.80 that the construction job will be
completed on time if there is no strike, and 0.32 that the construction job
will be completed on time if there is a strike. Determine the probability
that the construction job will be completed on time.
13. A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times. He throws a die and
reports that it is a six. Find the probability that it is actually a six.
14. An urn contains 5 red and 5 black balls. A ball is drawn at random,
its colour is noted and is returned to the urn. Moreover, 2 additional balls
 of the colour drawn are put in the urn and then a ball is drawn at
random. What is the probability that the second ball is red?
15. In answering a question on a multiple choice test, a student either
knows the answer or guesses. Let 3 /4 be the probability that he knows
the answer and 1 4 be the probability that he guesses. Assuming that a
student who guesses at the answer will be correct with probability 1/ 4 .
What is the probability that the student knows the answer given that he
answered it correctly?
16. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on
both faces), another is a biased coin that comes up heads 75% of the time
and third is an unbiased coin. One of the three coins is chosen at random
and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was the two
headed coin ?
17. Suppose a girl throws a die. If she gets a 5 or 6, she tosses a coin
three times and notes the number of heads. If she gets 1, 2, 3 or 4, she
tosses a coin once and notes whether a head or tail is obtained. If she
obtained exactly one head, what is the probability that she threw 1, 2, 3
or 4 with the die?
18. A card from a pack of 52 cards is lost. From the remaining cards of
the pack, two cards are drawn and are found to be both diamonds. Find
the probability of the lost card being a diamond.
19. A and B throw a die alternatively till one of them gets a ‘6’ and wins
the game. Find their respective probabilities of winning, if A starts first.
20. If a machine is correctly set up, it produces 90% acceptable items. If
it is incorrectly set up, it produces only 40% acceptable items. Past
experience shows that 80% of the set ups are correctly done. If after a
certain set up, the machine produces 2 acceptable items, find the
probability that the machine is correctly setup.
21. If a leap year is selected at random, what is the chance that it will
contain 53 tuesdays?
22. Assume that the chances of a patient having a heart attack is 40%.
It is also assumed that a meditation and yoga course reduce the risk of
heart attack by 30% and prescription of certain drug reduces its chances
by 25%. At a time a patient can choose any one of the two options with
equal probabilities. It is given that after going through one of the two
options the patient selected at random suffers a heart attack. Find the
probability that the patient followed a course of meditation and yoga?
23. An electronic assembly consists of two subsystems, say, A and B.
From previous testing procedures, the following probabilities are
assumed to be known: P(A fails) = 0.2 P(B fails alone) = 0.15 P(A and B
fail) = 0.15 Evaluate the following probabilities (i) P(A fails|B has failed)
(ii) P(A fails alone)
24. Bag I contains 3 red and 4 black balls and Bag II contains 4 red and
5 black balls. One ball is transferred from Bag I to Bag II and then a ball
is drawn from Bag II. The ball so drawn is found to be red in colour.
Find the probability that the transferred ball is black.

(MCQ )
25. If A and B are two events such that P(A) ≠ 0 and P(B | A) = 1, then
(A) A ⊂ B (B) B ⊂ A (C) B = φ (D) A = φ
26. If P(A|B) > P(A), then which of the following is correct :
(A) P(B|A) < P(B) (B) P(A ∩ B) < P(A) . P(B) (C) P(B|A) > P(B)
(D) P(B|A) = P(B)
27. If A and B are any two events such that P(A) + P(B) – P(A and B) =
P(A), then
(A) P(B|A) = 1 (B) P(A|B) = 1 (C) P(B|A) = 0
(D) P(A|B) = 0
28. Probability that A speaks truth is 4 /5 . A coin is tossed. A reports
that a head appears. The probability that actually there was head is
(A) 4/ 5 (B) 1/ 2 (C) 1 /5 (D) 2 /5
29. If A and B are two events such that A ⊂ B and P(B) ≠ 0, then which
of the following is correct?
𝑷(𝑨)
(A) P(A/B)= (B) P(A|B) < P(A) (C) P(A|B) ≥ P(A)
𝑷(𝑩)

(D) None of these

30. The probability of obtaining an even prime number on each die,
when a pair of dice is rolled is
(A) 0 (B) 1 /3 (C) 1 /12 (D) 1 /36
31. Two events A and B will be independent, if
(A) A and B are mutually exclusive (B) P(A′B′) = [1 – P(A)] [1 – P(B)]

(C) P(A) = P(B) (D) P(A) + P(B) = 1

32. f P(A) = 1 2 , P(B) = 0, then P(A|B) is
(A) 0 (B) 1/ 2 (C) Not defined (D) 1
33. If A and B are events such that P(A|B) = P(B|A), then
(A) A ⊂ B but A ≠ B (B) A = B (C) A ∩ B = φ
(D) P(A) = P(B)

(LPP)
34. Minimise Z = 3x + 5y subject to the constraints :
𝑿 + 𝟐𝒀 ≥ 𝟏𝟎, 𝑿 + 𝒀 ≥ 𝟔, 𝟑𝑿 + 𝒀 ≥ 𝟖, 𝑿, 𝒀 ≥ 𝟎
35. The corner points of the feasible region determined by the system of
linear constraints are (0, 10), (5, 5), (15, 15), (0, 20).Let Z = px + qy,
where p, q > 0. Condition on p and q so that the maximum of Z occurs at
both the points (15, 15) and (0, 20) is (A) p = q (B) p = 2q (C) q = 2p (D) q
= 3p
36. In a LPP, the linear function which has to be maximised or
minimised is called a linear __________ function.
37. The common region determined by all the linear constraints of a
LPP is called the _______ region.
38. Maximise and Minimise Z = 3x – 4y
subject to x – 2y ≤ 0 – 3x + y ≤ 4 x–y≤6 x, y ≥ 0
39. Maximise the function Z = 11x + 7y, subject to the constraints: x ≤
3, y ≤ 2, x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0.