Instructions

• Use black ink or ball-point pen.

• If pencil is used for diagrams/sketches/graphs it must be dark (HB or B).
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page with your name, centre number and candidate number.
• Answer all the questions and ensure that your answers to parts of questions are clearly labelled.
• Answer the questions in the spaces provided – there may be more space than you need.
• You should show sufficient working to make your methods clear. Answers without working may
not gain full credit.
• Inexact answers should be given to three significant figures unless otherwise stated.

Information
• A booklet ‘Mathematical Formulae and Statistical Tables’ is provided.
• There are 11 questions in this question paper. The total mark for this paper is 130.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets – use this as a guide as to how much time to
spend on each question.
• Calculators must not be used for questions marked with a * sign.

Advice
• Read each question carefully before you start to answer it.
• Try to answer every question.
• Check your answers if you have time at the end.
• If you change your mind about an answer, cross it out and put your new answer and any working
underneath.
1. Draw the activity network described in the precedence table below, using activity on arc and
exactly three dummies.

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C A
D A
E B
F B
G A, E, F
H F
I C
J D, G
K D, G

(Total 5 marks)

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2. (a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table below, using activity on arc
and exactly two dummies.
(5)

Activity Immediately preceding activities

A –
B –
C –
D A, B
E C
F A, B
G A, B
H E, F
I D
J D, G
K H

(b) Explain why each of the two dummies is necessary.

(2)

(Total 7 marks)

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3.

Figure 1
[The total weight of the network is 1436 m.]
(a) Explain the term valency.
(2)
Figure 1 models a system of underground pipes. The number on each arc represents the
length, in metres, of that pipe.
Pressure readings indicate that there is a leak in the system and an electronic device is to be
used to inspect the system to locate the leak. The device will start and finish at A and travel
along each pipe at least once. The length of this inspection route needs to be minimised.
(b) Use the route inspection algorithm to find the pipes that will need to be traversed twice.
You should make your method and working clear.
(5)

(c) Find the length of the inspection route.

(1)
Pipe HI is now found to be blocked; it is sealed and will not be replaced. An inspection route
is now required that excludes pipe HI. The length of the inspection route must be minimised.
(d) Find the length of the minimum inspection route excluding HI. Justify your answer.
(2)

(e) Given that the device may now start at any vertex and finish at any vertex, find a
minimum inspection route, excluding HI.
(2)
(Total 12 marks)
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4.

Figure 2
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 2. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the corresponding activity. Each activity requires exactly one worker. The project is
to be completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event
times.
(4)
(b) Draw a Gantt chart for the project on the grid provided in the answer book.
(4)
(c) State the activities that must be happening at time 18.5
(1)

An additional activity, P, is now included in the activity network shown in Figure 6. Activity
P is immediately preceded only by activity D. No activity is dependent on the completion of
activity P.

Each activity still requires exactly one worker and the revised project is to be completed in
the shortest possible time.
(d) Explain, briefly, whether or not the revised project can be completed in the same time as
the original project if the duration of activity P is
(i) 10 days
(ii) 17 days
(2)
(Total 11 marks)
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5. (i) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table below, using activity on arc
and the minimum number of dummies.

Immediately preceding
Activity
activities
A –
B –
C –
D A, C
E B
F E
G A
H D, F
I D, F
J H, I

(ii) Explain why each of your dummies is necessary.

(7)

(Total 7 marks)

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6.
Activity Immediately preceding activities
A –
B –
C A
D A
E B
F C D
G D
H F G
I H
J H
K I J

(a) Draw the activity network described in the precedence table, using activity on arc and
exactly two dummies.
(5)

(b) Explain why each of the two dummies is necessary.

(2)

(Total 7 marks)

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7.

Figure 3
[The sum of the duration of all activities is 172 days]
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 3. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the activity. Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the
shortest possible time.
(a) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and late event
times.
(4)

(b) Calculate the total float for activity M. You must make the numbers you use in your
calculation clear.
(2)

(c) For each of the situations below, explain the effect that the delay would have on the
project completion date.
(i) A 2 day delay on the early start of activity P.
(ii) A 2 day delay on the early start of activity Q.
(2)

(d) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project in the
shortest possible time.
(1)
Diagram 2 in the answer book shows a partly completed cascade chart for this project.
(e) Complete the cascade chart.
(4)

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(f) Use your cascade chart to determine a second lower bound on the number of workers
needed to complete the project in the shortest possible time. You must make specific
reference to times and activities.
(2)

(g) State which of the two lower bounds found in (d) and (f) is better. Give a reason for your
answer.
(2)
(Total 17 marks)

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8.

Figure 4
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 4. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time, in days, to
complete the activity. Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the
shortest possible time.
(a) Complete the precedence table in the answer book.
(3)

(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book, to show the early event times and late event
times.
(4)

(c) State the critical activities.

(2)

(d) On the grid in your answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for this project.
(4)

(e) By considering the activities that must take place between time 7 and time 16, explain
why it is not possible to complete this project with just 3 workers in the minimum time.
(3)

(Total 16 marks)

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9.

Figure 5
Figure 5 is the activity network relating to a building project. The activities are represented
by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time to complete the activity. Each
activity requires one worker.
The project must be completed in the shortest possible time.
(a) Explain the reason for the dotted line from event 4 to event 6 as shown in Figure 7.
(2)

(b) Complete Diagram 1 in the answer book to show the early event times and the late event
times.
(4)

(c) State the critical activities.

(1)

(d) Calculate the total float for activity G. You must make the numbers you use in your
calculation clear.
(2)

(e) Draw a Gantt chart for this project on the grid provided in the answer book.
(4)

(f) State the activities that must be happening at time 5.5.

(1)

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(g) Use your Gantt chart to determine the minimum number of workers needed to complete
the project in the minimum time. You must justify your answer.
(2)
(Total 16 marks)

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10.

Figure 6
A project is modelled by the activity network shown in Figure 7. The activities are
represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on each arc gives the time required, in hours,
to complete the activity. The numbers in circles are the event numbers. Each activity requires
one worker.
(a) Explain the significance of the dummy activity

(i) from event 4 to event 6,

(ii) from event 5 to event 7

(3)

(b) Calculate the early time and the late time for each event. Write these in the boxes in the
answer book.
(4)

(c) Calculate the total float on each of activities D and G. You must make the numbers you
use in your calculations clear.
(3)

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(d) Calculate a lower bound for the minimum number of workers required to complete the
project in the minimum time.
(2)

(e) On the grid in your answer book, draw a cascade (Gantt) chart for this project.
(4)

(Total 16 marks)

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11.

Figure 7
The network in Figure 7 shows the activities that need to be undertaken to complete a
maintenance project. The activities are represented by the arcs. The number in brackets on
each arc gives the time, in days, to complete the activity. The numbers in circles are the
events.
Each activity requires one worker. The project is to be completed in the shortest possible
time.
(a) Complete the precedence table for this network in the answer book.
(3)

(b) Explain why each of the following is necessary.

(i) The dummy from event 6 to event 7.

(ii) The dummy from event 8 to event 9.

(3)

(c) Complete Diagram 2 in the answer book to show the early and the late event times.
(4)

(d) State the critical activities.

(2)

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(e) Calculate the total float on activity K. You must make the numbers used in your
calculation clear.
(2)

(f ) Calculate a lower bound for the number of workers needed to complete the project in the
minimum time.
(2)

(Total 16 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER: 130 MARKS

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