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Chapter - Development Ncert

1. Write a program to compute the net run rate for a tournament.

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20 views3 pages

Chapter - Development Ncert

1. Write a program to compute the net run rate for a tournament.

Uploaded by

divpanda13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter- Development

NCERT Solutions
Q4. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying
different countries? What are the limitations of this criterion, if any?

Answer: World Bank uses the per capita income to classify different
countries. The per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income
of the country by the population of the country. For the year 2017, the
countries with a per capita income of US $12,056 per annum were declared
rich countries, and the countries with a per capita income of US $ 955 or
less are called low-income countries.

The limitations of the criterion are

1. Other important factors, including literacy rate, infant mortality rate, and
healthcare, are ignored while classifying the countries.
2. Information about the unequal distribution of income is not mentioned by the
World Bank
3. The economy of the country cannot determine the development of the
country.

Q5. In what respects is the criterion used by the UNDP for measuring
development different from the one used by the World Bank?

Answer: The criterion used by UNDP is different from the one used by the
World Bank because UNDP compares countries based on the educational
level of the people, their health status and per capita income. This is in
contrast with the method used by the World Bank because it only
calculates the per capita income for measuring development.

Q6. Why do we use averages? Are there any limitations to their use?
Illustrate with your own examples related to development.

Answer: Different countries have different populations, so calculating the


average helps in getting an estimated answer which can be used to
compare different things at different levels. There are limitations in
calculating averages because we cannot know the difference in the
income of the people and the unfair distribution of income in a country or
state.
For example, if we calculate the per capita income of two countries, A and
B, with 5 people each, the salary of five people in country A is Rs.23,000,
Rs.22,000, Rs.23,500, Rs.28,000 and Rs.25,000, and the income of people
living in country B is Rs.1,50,000, Rs. 22,000, Rs.50,000, Rs.4,000, Rs.2,500. The
average income of country A will be Rs.24,300, and that of country B will be
Rs.45,700. This proves that the average of country B is higher than that of
country A, and yet there is a disparity in the income distribution between
country B, and the income is evenly distributed in country A.

Q7. Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human development
ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a useful criterion at
all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree? Discuss.

Answer: Kerala, with lower per capita income, has a better human
development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a
useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. This is true
because the literacy rate, infant mortality rate, healthcare facilities, etc.,
are better in Kerala in comparison to Haryana. The per capita income is
only calculated by calculating the average income of the state,
irrespective of any other factor.

Q8. Find out the present sources of energy that are used by the people in
India. What could be the other possibilities fifty years from now?

Answer: The present sources of energy used by people in India include


firewood, coal, petroleum, crude oil and natural gas. The other possibilities
fifty years from now can be using solar energy and wind energy as sources
of various energy forms. This is because the current usage of energy
sources may result in the loss of natural resources for future generations.

Q9. Why is the issue of sustainability important for development?

Answer: Sustainable development refers to using natural resources in a


manner that they can be used by the present and future generations. The
issue of sustainability is important for development because if natural
resources are not used carefully, they may not be available for future
generations. The depletion of resources of a country may ultimately result
in a lack of development of the country.
Q10. “The Earth has enough resources to meet the needs of all but not
enough to satisfy the greed of even one person.” How is this statement
relevant to the discussion of development? Discuss.

Answer: Development not just depends on the economic factors of a


country but is also dependent on resources that are available for the
people of a country to use. The statement, “The Earth has enough
resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of
even one person”, is completely relevant in terms of the development of a
country because natural resources are non-renewable resources. It is the
responsibility of the people to use them to meet their needs and not to
satisfy their greed. If natural resources are not used wisely now, future
generations may not be able to use them for their needs, which will result
in the downfall of the development of a country.

Q11. List a few examples of environmental degradation that you may have
observed around you.

Answer: A few examples of environmental degradation that we can


observe around us are

1. Pollution caused by vehicles and the excess use of fuels in vehicles


2. Industrial waste collected in residential areas and discarded into water bodies
3. Deforestation
4. Mining
5. Soil erosion
The increased pollution in the environment has resulted in global warming,
the melting of glaciers, and worsening atmospheric conditions.

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