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Kafka architecture

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32 views

Kafka architecture

Uploaded by

alt.nm-7qv6b7q
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kafka Architecture Solution: Real-Time Data Streaming with Apache Kafka

Overview
This architecture provides a scalable and resilient solution for processing and
streaming real-time data using Apache Kafka. It incorporates data producers,
Kafka clusters, stream processing, and data consumers with fault tolerance
and high availability.

Architecture Components
1. Producers
 Data-generating applications or systems that publish messages to Kafka
topics.
 Examples:
o Application logs
o IoT sensors
o E-commerce platforms (e.g., orders, user activity)
 Implementation:
o Kafka Producer API for custom applications.
o Kafka Connect for integration with external systems like
databases or message queues.

2. Kafka Cluster
 Centralized component responsible for ingesting, storing, and
delivering messages to consumers.
 Components:
o Brokers:
 Kafka servers that handle incoming data, store it in topics,
and serve it to consumers.
 A typical cluster has multiple brokers for fault tolerance.
o Topics:
 Logical categories where messages are organized.
 Configurable for partitioning and replication.
o Partitions:
 Divide a topic into smaller segments for parallel processing
and scalability.
o Replication:
 Ensures fault tolerance by replicating topic partitions
across multiple brokers.
 Tools:
o Zookeeper (for Kafka versions < 2.8): Manages metadata, leader
election, and configuration.
o Kafka Raft (for Kafka versions ≥ 2.8): A built-in consensus
mechanism replacing Zookeeper.

3. Stream Processing Layer


 Processes data in real time to generate insights or transform data before
consumption.
 Options:
o Kafka Streams:
 Native stream processing library for building lightweight
processing applications.
o ksqlDB:
 SQL-based streaming tool for processing Kafka data.
o Apache Flink:
 Advanced stream processing framework for complex event
processing and stateful transformations.

4. Consumers
 Applications or systems that read data from Kafka topics.
 Examples:
o Data analytics platforms
o Machine learning pipelines
o Notification systems
 Implementation:
o Kafka Consumer API for custom applications.
o Kafka Connect for integration with external systems like
Elasticsearch, Redshift, or S3.

5. Monitoring and Observability


 Tools:
o Confluent Control Center or open-source alternatives for
managing Kafka clusters.
o Prometheus and Grafana for monitoring metrics like throughput,
lag, and broker health.
o ELK Stack (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana) for centralized
logging and analysis.
o JMX Exporter for exposing Kafka metrics to monitoring systems.

6. Security
 Authentication:
o Use SSL or SASL for secure communication between producers,
brokers, and consumers.
 Authorization:
o Enable ACLs (Access Control Lists) to control topic access.
 Encryption:
o Use TLS for encrypting data in transit.
 Auditing:
o Use tools like Kafka Audit Log for tracking access and changes.
7. Data Storage and Retention
 Kafka stores data in topics for a configurable retention period (e.g., 7
days).
 Retention Policies:
o Time-based: Retain messages for a set number of days.
o Size-based: Retain messages until the topic storage reaches a
defined size.
o Log Compaction: Keep only the latest record for a specific key.

8. Disaster Recovery
 Multi-Cluster Setup:
o Use MirrorMaker or Confluent Replicator for cross-cluster
replication.
 Backup:
o Offload Kafka data to object storage (e.g., S3, GCS, or HDFS) for
disaster recovery.
 High Availability:
o Distribute brokers across multiple availability zones.
o Configure replication factors to ensure data durability.

Architecture Diagram
1. Producers:
o Applications, IoT devices, databases
o Kafka Producer API or Kafka Connect
2. Kafka Cluster:
o Brokers hosting topics and partitions
o ZooKeeper (or Kafka Raft) for coordination
3. Stream Processing:
o Kafka Streams, ksqlDB, or Apache Flink
4. Consumers:
o Applications, ML pipelines, or external systems via Kafka
Consumer API or Kafka Connect
5. Monitoring and Security:
o Prometheus, Grafana, ELK, SSL/TLS, and ACLs

Key Benefits
 Scalability: Add brokers and partitions to handle increasing data loads.
 Durability: Replication ensures data persistence even in the event of
broker failure.
 Low Latency: Real-time data delivery with high throughput.
 Versatility: Integrates seamlessly with a wide range of stream
processing and analytics tools.
 Resilience: Multi-cluster setup provides disaster recovery and high
availability.
Would you like additional details, a diagram, or instructions on setting up
Kafka on-premises or in the cloud?

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