English IV

E C O N . N AO M I
V E R A C A N E PA
Rules for the class
❖ Be Prepared
❖Show Up On Time
❖ Dress Appropriately
❖Mute the Microphone
❖ Turn the Camera On
❖ Choose Your Study Space
❖Minimize Distractions
❖One At A Time
❖Pay Attention
❖Respect And Encourage Each Other
 Objectives

∙ In this class each student will introduce themselves

by mentioning the following:

∙ Tell us your full name and something you like to do. Miss Naomi

∙ What semester are you in?

∙ What college career are you studying?
∙ What do you expect from this module?
 Activity
❖Write 5 rules that we must follow in our English classes
❖For example:
❖Be on time
❖Keep your microphones off
❖Attend all the sessions (If there are some emergencies, notify to the
teacher)
❖Ask for any clarifications
❖Focus on what the teacher and your classmates are saying.
UNIT 1
EDUCATION
Present perfect
∙ Present perfect
∙ Use the present perfect for actions, feelings, or situations that occurred at an
indefinite time in the past.

∙ Use the present perfect for something that started in the past and continues in the
present.

∙ Use the present perfect to express life experience. These are actions or events that
happened sometime during a person's life.
Present perfect
∙ Present perfect
∙ Structure
Subject + have/has (not) + verb past participle + object.
∙ We usually use short forms (I've, she’s, we’ve.) when we are speaking and in informal
writing.

∙ When the sentence is in negative, we can contract the auxiliary Have not=haven’t/Has
not=hasn’t.

∙ Yes/No Questions
Wh Question word + Have/has + subject + verb past participle + object ?
Present perfect
∙ Present perfect
∙ Examples
∙ Steve has learned a lot from his work experience.
∙ I have worked here for six months.
∙ I haven’t traveled to Tokyo.
∙ Have you ever gone ice skating?. No, I have not.
∙ Has Jerry presented his ideas to the CEO?. Yes, he has.
Exercise
∙ https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect-simple
∙ https://www.really-learn-english.com/present-perfect-exercises.html
∙ https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/tenses/present_perfect_statements.htm
∙ https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-exercise-4.html
∙ https://enghub.pro/present-perfect-speaking-cards
∙ https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar-topic/present-simple-vs-
continuous-progressive-tense/board-game-have-you-ever/861
∙ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aw7bQtPYCE
E D U C AT I O N
E D U C AT I O N
 E D U C AT I O N

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2G85e-xBPX4
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Px-AuWb2qKg

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS5nhKzaOqo
• https://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/vocabulary/a1-a2-vocabulary/school
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/school/paraphrasing.htm

• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/alle_words.htm
• https://games4esl.com/english-exercises/vocabulary-exercises/school-subjects/
WRITING A FORMAL LETTER
ADDRESSES

• Your address:
– The return address should be written in the top right-
hand corner of the letter.
• The address of the person you are writing to:
– The inside address should be written on the left,
starting below your address.
DATE

• Different people put the date on different sides of

the page. You write this on the right or the left on
the line after the address you are writing to. Write
the month as a word.
 SALUTATION OR GREETING

• Dear Sir or Madam,

– If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to,
use this. It is always advisable to try to find out a name.
• Dear Mr Jenkins,
– If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr,
etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and
do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss, you can use Ms, which is
for married and single women.
CONTENT OF A FORMAL LETTER

• Introduction:
– A short introduction that states the purpose of the letter to make an enquiry,
complain, request something, etc.

• The body :
– (2 : 4 paragraphs) that contains the relevant information. Most letters in
English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and
concentrate on organizing it in a clear and logical manner rather than
expanding too much.
• The conclusion:
– The final paragraph (suggested action to be taken, closing remarks, express
understanding, promises, etc.
ENDING A LETTER

• 5.1 Yours faithfully:

– If you do not know the name of the
person, end the letter this way.
• 5.2 Yours sincerely:
– If you know the name of the person,
end the letter this way.
• 5.3 Your signature:
– Sign your name.
WRITING AN INFORMAL LETTER
Beginning a letter

The style for the letters is that

Everything should be aligned to the
left. In the next slide, the details that
should be the top left corner are
shown.
Details in the top left corner

Blk 270, Tampines st. 21, (Block and street name/no)

#06-159, (unit no. if any)

Singapore 520270 (postal code)

____________________________________ (leave a line here)

Dear Malathy, (dear followed by your friend’s name)

Beginning the letter
After the Dear and your friend’s name,
go to the next line and begin your
letter.

You’re writing to a friend or

relative so you can be chatty and
friendly in your opening paragraph.
Body of letter
• Write about 2, or 3 paragraphs on
what you wanted to convey.

• Make sure the contents are relatable

and easy for the reader to
understand.
Ending off

I hope to hear from you soon!

(leave a line here)

Yours truly,

Jacintha
UNIT 2
Away from Home
 Present perfect progressive
∙ Use
∙ The present perfect continuous is used to refer to an unspecified time between 'before
now' and 'now’.
∙ The speaker is thinking about something that started but perhaps did not finish in that
period of time.
∙ We use present perfect continuous to talk about actions that started in the past and
continue in the present.
• She has been waiting for you all day (and she's still waiting now).
• I've been working on this report since eight o'clock this morning (and I still haven't
finished it).
• They have been travelling since last October ( and they're not home yet).
 Present perfect progressive
∙ Use
∙ We use the present perfect continuous when we are interested in the process as well
as the result, and this process may still be going on, or may have just finished.

• She has been cooking since last night (and the food on the table looks delicious).

• It's been raining (and the streets are still wet).

• Someone's been eating my chips (half of them have gone).

∙ We don't use a time word here. To say how long for unfinished actions which started
in the past and continue to the present. We often use this with 'for' and 'since’.
 Present perfect progressive
∙ Use
∙ We don't use a time word here. To say how long for unfinished actions which started
in the past and continue to the present. We often use this with 'for' and 'since’.
• I've been living in London for two years.
• She's been working here since 2004.
∙ Actions which have recently stopped, though the whole action can be unfinished, and
have a result, which we can often see, hear, or feel, in the present.
• I'm so tired, I've been studying.
• I've been running, so I'm really hot.
• I've been going to the gym a lot recently.
• They've been living with his mother while they look for a house.
 Present perfect progressive
∙ The present perfect continuous is made up of two elements: the present perfect of
the verb 'to be' (have/has been), and the present participle of the main verb
(base+ing)

∙ When we use the Present Perfect Continuous tense in speaking, we often contract
the auxiliary verb. We also sometimes do this in informal writing. Have been = ‘ve
been / Has been = ‘s been. Have not been = haven’t been / Has not been= Hasn’t
been.
 Present perfect progressive
I've been reading.
Jenny’s been helping us recently.
I haven't been playing tennis.
It hasn't been snowing.
I have been reading for 2 hours. (I am still reading now.)
We've been studying since 9 o'clock. (We're still studying now.)
How long have you been learning English? (You are still learning now.)
We have not been smoking. (And we are not smoking now.)
I'm tired because I've been running.
Why is the grass wet? Has it been raining?
You don't understand because you haven't been listening.
 Present perfect progressive
∙ https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/present-perfect-progressive/exercises?default
∙ https://www.really-learn-english.com/present-perfect-progressive-exercises.html
∙ https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verb-tenses_present-perfect-continuous_quiz.php
∙ https://agendaweb.org/exercises/verbs/present-perfect-continuous/exercise-1
∙ https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/6459cbe3763df5001fe1f820/present-perfect-
continuous?qcSave=true
∙ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCzJN0g5NHQ
∙ PP VS PPP https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c-h1wJxLzXQ
∙ Hw
∙ https://www.liveworksheets.com/worksheets/en/English_as_a_Second_Language_(ESL)/Present
_perfect_continuous/Present_perfect_continuous_yv1591027ly
∙ https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/present-perfect-continuous-exercise-1.html
Study abroad
Study abroad
Study abroad
∙ chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://skyteach.ru/wp-
content/uploads/2021/12/studying-abroad-worksheet-for-teens.pdf
∙ https://english-practice.net/practice-listening-english-exercises-for-b2-study-
abroad/#google_vignette
UNIT 3
Celebrations
PASSIVE VOICE
• English has two voices: active and passive. The active voice is used when the
subject of the sentence does the action. The passive voice is used when we
focus on the object of the sentence.
• When it is important to know who does the action, we use by. The noun that
follows by is called the “agent.”
• Sometimes, when the agent is unknown, or unimportant to the meaning of the
sentence, we do not use by.
• The subject in the active sentence becomes the agent in the passive sentence.
If the active voice is in simple present, the passive voice should be with the
verb to be and the verb in past participle.
PASSIVE VOICE
• The passive simple present
• We use the passive to emphasise the subject
• We use the passive to talk about general truths
• We use the passive in a more formal atmosphere like a thesis or an important piece of
writing, especially scientifically speaking
• Structure
• Affirmative sentence
Object + Be + past participle
• In the present simple, the passive is: am / is / are + past participle.
• Negative sentence
Object + Be not + past participle

• Question Be + Object + past participle?

PASSIVE VOICE
• Active: The teachers help the new students.
• Passive: The new students are helped by the teachers.
• Active: Ben doesn't walk the cat.
• Passive: The cat isn't walked by Ben.
• Active: They don't make sandwiches here.
• Passive: Sandwiches aren't made here.
• Active: Do you wash the car every week?
• Passive: Is the car washed every week?
• Active: Does he watch TV in the evening?
• Passive: Is TV watched in the evening?
PASSIVE VOICE

• https://www.grammarbank.com/simple-present-passive.html
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_simple_present.htm
PASSIVE VOICE
• The passive simple past
• To form the passive voice in past you need the appropriated form of the auxiliary verb
to be in past and the past participle of the main verb.
• The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
• Something was done by someone at sometime in the past.
• Structure

Object + was / were (not) + verb in past participle

• Question
Was / Were + Object + verb in past participle?
PASSIVE VOICE
• Active: The teacher corrected the mistakes.

• Passive: The mistakes were corrected by the teacher.

• Active: Did the little boy sell all the candy bars?

• Passive: Were all the candy bars sold by the little boy?

• Active: Lauren didn't eat any apples.

• Passive: No apples were eaten by Lauran.

• Active: He didn't give the wallet.

• Passive: The wallet wasn't given by him.

PASSIVE VOICE

• https://www.flo-joe.co.uk/preliminaryenglish/grammar/past-simple-
passive.htm#:~:text=The%20past%20simple%20passive%20is,or%20what%20did%20the%20acti
on.
• https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/active_passive/sentences_simple_past.htm
• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/passive-exercise-2.html
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nI5zaB6QL-o
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ePfmgMTgXl8
Celebrations around the
World
Celebrations
 Children’s Day (April 23)

First officially declared a national holiday by the Republic of Turkey in

1929 with the set date of 23 April.
Chinese New Year (Feb 16)
In 2017, the first
day of the Chinese
New Year was on
Saturday, 28
January, initiating
the year of the
Rooster
 Christmas (Dec 25)
An annual festival commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ
 Cinco de Mayo (May 5)
The date is observed to commemorate

the Mexican Army's unlikely victory over French

forces at the Battle of Puebla on May 5, 1862,

under the leadership of General Ignacio Zaragoza.

The celebration of Mexican-American culture.

Cinco de Mayo (May 5)
 Diwali (Oct 19)
The Hindu festival of
lights. it spiritually
signifies the victory
of light over
darkness, good over
evil, knowledge over
ignorance, and hope
over despair.
 Easter (Apr 16)
A festival and holiday celebrating the resurrection of
Jesus from the dead.
Halloween (Oct 31)
The time in the liturgical
year dedicated to
remembering the dead,
including saints (hallows)
, martyrs, and all the
faithful departed
 Independence Day (July 4)
Commemorating the
adoption of the Declaration
of Independence 248 years
ago in 1776 on July 4 by
the Continental Congress An
annual parade held
in Washington, D.C., from
1981.
 Ramadan (Eid)

The ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and is observed

by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (Sawm) to
commemorate the first revelation of the Quran to
Muhammad according to Islamic belief.
Ramadan (Eid)
Thanksgiving (4th Thursday of Nov)

It began as a day
of giving thanks
for the blessing of
the harvest and of
the preceding
year.
 Celebrations
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGAUHfG0frU
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGAUHfG0frU
• Ecu
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qwd6ky1UFWw
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x0CH3kiz3iY
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GAdqEG1QX98 sp
• https://www.liveworksheets.com/w/en/english-second-language-esl/877056
• Speaking
• https://wordwall.net/resource/36996137/speaking-activity-festivals-and-celebrations
• https://learnenglishkids.britishcouncil.org/read-write/magazine/easter