Scribd
Upload
17 views7 pages

G8 Notes

The document outlines the definitions and types of information sources, distinguishing between primary sources, which provide first-hand accounts, and secondary sources, which analyze or interpret primary information. It also explains the process of synthesizing information from various sources, detailing steps like organizing sources, outlining structure, and writing cohesive paragraphs. Additionally, it covers the components of a paragraph, emphasizing the importance of topic sentences, supporting sentences, and the use of transitional devices.

Uploaded by

cean kurt nuval
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views7 pages

G8 Notes

The document outlines the definitions and types of information sources, distinguishing between primary sources, which provide first-hand accounts, and secondary sources, which analyze or interpret primary information. It also explains the process of synthesizing information from various sources, detailing steps like organizing sources, outlining structure, and writing cohesive paragraphs. Additionally, it covers the components of a paragraph, emphasizing the importance of topic sentences, supporting sentences, and the use of transitional devices.

Uploaded by

cean kurt nuval
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Sources- A source is any person, publication, or thing that provides information on

a particular topic. Information sources can include books, journals, newspapers,


websites, databases, government documents, interviews, and personal
communication.

Two Kinds of Sources:

1. Primary Sources – A first-hand account of an event or time period and is


considered to be authoritative. It also represents original thinking, reports on
discoveries and events, or new information.

Examples: Letters, Diaries, Autobiography, Original Photographs, Government


Records, Interviews and more.

2. Secondary Sources- It offers an analysis, interpretation, re-statement of


primary sources and considered persuasive. It involves generalization or synthesis,
commentary or evaluation in an attempt to convince the reader of the creators
argument. It often attempts to describe the primary sources.

Examples: Newspaper Articles, Textbooks, Biographies, Ecylopedias, Tv


Documentaries etc.

What is an Outline?
• An outline is a tool used in improving and organizing written ideas about a
topic in a logical order.
• Outline is a breakdown of the main and supporting ideas in your writing.
• Writers used outlines when writing their papers to know which topics would
be covered and in order.
2. Topic Outline- It is a type of outline which presents major topics, subtopics,
and supporting details in a form of word or phrases.
Synthesizing
- The prefix “syn” in synthesis means together. Hence, synthesizing is pulling
together different ideas to come up with a new, bigger idea. It is an ongoing process
where old and new knowledge, experiences, and opinions add up, blend, and fit
together to create new understanding.

To be able to synthesize, you must also know how to:

Summarize -To shorten a long text by writing the main points in your own words.
Paraphrase -To put a passage from source material into your own words similar in
length as the original.
Analyze - To break complex topic into smaller parts.
Example: breaking down a cake into its ingredients.
Infer- To use observation and background to reach a logical conclusion

How to Synthesize?
The RES Method
For you to be able to synthesize essential information, this approach could help you.
R – Read two different sources about a topic and jot down important ideas.
E – Edit notes and put together similar concepts.
S – Synthesize by combining notes with what you already know about the topic.

However, to help you declutter your ideas in synthesizing essential information, the
following steps can also be of great help;
Step 1: Organize your sources
After collecting the relevant literature, you need to organize your notes in a way
that allows you to see the relationships between sources.

Example: Source 1 + Source 2 = conclusion/ new idea

Source 1: Mayor Benjamin Magalong declare suspended classes due to the heat
index.

Source 2: Ma'am Principal Lilybeth declare no classes for today because of climate
change.

Step 2: Outline your structure


With a clear overview of the main connections and differences between the sources
you’ve read, you need to decide how you’ll group them and the order in which you’ll
discuss them.

Synthesize: While the reasons for the statements appear to differ (Mayor citing heat
index and Principal emphasizing climate change), they are most likely related to the
same cause: severe weather conditions. Climate change can worsen heat waves,
thus the Mayor and Principal are likely to prioritize student safety in the face of
extreme heat.

Step 3: Write paragraphs with topic sentences


What sets a synthesis apart from a summary is that it combines various sources.
The easiest way to think about this is that each paragraph should discuss a few
different sources, and you should be able to condense the overall point of the
paragraph into one sentence. This is called a topic sentence, and it usually appears
at the start of the paragraph. The topic sentence signals what the whole paragraph
is about; every sentence in the paragraph should be related to it.

Example: Despite appearing to have different evidence - heat index vs climate


change - both Mayor Magalong and Principal Lilybeth's school closures are most
likely motivated by the same societal concern: preserving student safety during
extreme weather events that may be worsened by climate change.

Step 4: Revise, edit and proofread


Like any other piece of academic writing, synthesizing literature involves redrafting,
revising, editing, and proofreading.

Example: Though Mayor Magalong cites heat index and Principal Lilybeth mentions
climate change, their seemingly disparate justifications likely stem from the same
social concern: ensuring student safety during severe weather events that may be
amplified by climate change.

Here's what's changed:


"Though" replaces "Despite" for a slightly smoother transition.
"seemingly disparate justifications" is replaced by "disparate justifications" since
"seemingly" is already implied.
"potentially exacerbated" is replaced by "amplified" for a more concise and
impactful verb choice.

In writing your synthesis, the following verbs can be of help.

To show agreement, use the following:


Similarly also likewise Equally Furthermore
To show disagreement, the following words can be used:
On the other hand, on the contrary unlike Although despite otherwise Conversely
where
Paragraph
- A paragraph is a group of sentences organized to discuss a topic. The main
rule of paragraph writing is to focus on one idea or topic. To be able to write a
paragraph, one must have the essential part.
- Only one idea should be discussed per topic.

There are three parts of a paragraph namely topic sentence, supporting sentence,
and concluding sentence. Each serves a different function in the paragraph.

1. Topic sentence- A topic sentence presents the topic of the paragraph. It


will serve as a guide for the writer to keep his/her writing under control.
This is why a topic sentence is called a “controlling idea” of a paragraph.

2. .Supporting Sentences- The supporting sentences serve as the body of


your paragraph. This is where you elaborate on your topic by including
specific details or evidence. A
- All of the body must relate to the topic
sentences. These sentences should be organized according to the use of
transitional devices.

The box below contains the list of transitional devices used in concluding
sentence.

You might also like