Some Applications of Trigonometry Fastracl« Revision » Line of Sight: If an observer is viewing an object, the straight line joining the eye of the observer to that object is called line of sight. > Angle of Elevation: The angle of elevation of an object viewed is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is above the horizontal level, fe, the case when we ralse our head to look at the Observer object > Angle of Depression: The angle of depression of an object viewed is the angle Formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is below the horizontal level, ie, the case when we lower ‘our head to look atthe object. elevation Horizontal level Hoxizontal ev Observer ‘angle of depression e x Prac ® Multiple choice Questions y QL. Ifthe height of the tower is equal to the length of its shadow, then the angle of elevation of the Sun is: [case sop 2023.24] aa bas 60" 90 Q2 The angle subtended by a tower of height 200 metres at a point 200 metres from the base is: [case 2023) aao bas car Q3. If'a pole 6 m high casts a shadow 2/3 m long on the ground, then Sun's elevation is: [NCERT EXEMPLAR; CBSE 2023; CBSE SOP 2023-24) aso (bab <3. 90° Q4. The angle subtended 8 bya vertical pole of height 100 m at a point on the ground 1003 m from the p. In w0VE m base is, has measure oft [case 2025) a) 45 430" 100 m Q "doubled, then the angle of elevation remains same. > The height or length of an object or the distance between two distant objects can be determined through trigonometric ratios. Knowledge BOOSTER L The angles of elevation and depression are always ‘acute angles. 2. ffthe angle of elevation ofthe tower (or Sun) decreases, the shadow ofthe tower (or Sun) increases. 3. f the observer moves towards (or moves away) the perpendicular line, the angle of elevation increases (or decreases). 4. If the helght of tower is doubled and the distance between the observer and the foot of tower Is also e Exercise QS. The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is 53, then the angle of elevation of the Sun is: a4 boo 90 6. From a point P on a level ground, the angle of elevation of the top of tower is 30°. Ifthe tower is 100 m high, the distance of point P from the foot of the tower is: aM9m b 166m cm d.200m Q7. The angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60° and the horizontal distance from the observer's eye to the foot of the tower is 100 m, then the height of the tower will be: 109 a. 503m om c. 100¥3 m 4. 603m Q8. The string of a kite in air is SO m tong and it makes an angle of 60° with the horizontal. Assuming the string to be straight, the height of the kite from the ground is: [case 2023] , 5 in a. S0V3m 5 50 4. 25Y3m, RrQ9. The angle of elevation of a ladder Leaning against 2 wall is 60° and the foot of the ladder is 4.6 m away from the wall. The length of the Ladder aam ob&m cam 692m ‘A boy standing on top of a tower of height 20 m observes that the angle of depression of a car on the road is 60°. The distance between the foot of the tower and the car must be: [UseV3 = 1.73] a1045m bWs4m ¢1255m 4.1250m QLL Ifthe angle of depression of an object from 2 50m hhigh tower is 30°, then the distance of the object, from the tower Quo. zen Eb, atl tein B Q12. The angle of depression of Pan pet ont ral fom te tet aC gh tment tne deste Poca tin te bo (in metres) i a. 1203 m b. 120m c. 40V3m_ . None of these 13. A vertical stralght tree of 15 m high, i broken by the wid such any et Teepe uch te ground and makes an angle of 60° with the ground. At what height from the ground did the tree break? [Use 5-14.73] a69m b.96m 59m 679m An observer 1.6 m tall is 20 m away from a tower. The angle of elevation fam his ey to the top of the tower is 45°. The height of the tower is 37iem bam crm 4 None of these @ Assertion & Reason tye Questions W au. 16. Assertion (A): The angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 60°. f the height of the tower and its base pled then angle of elevation of its top will also be tripled. Reason (R) an equilateral triangle of side 3/3 cm, the length of the altitude is 4.5 cm. 17. Assertion (A): Suppose a bird was sitting on a tree. ‘Apperson was sitting on a ground and saw the bird, which makes an angle such that tan 0 The 5 distance from bird to the person is 25 units, Reason (R): In a right-angled triangle, (Hypotenuse)? = (Side)? + (Base)? Assertion (A): The angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30° and the horizontal distance from the observer's eye to the foot of the tower is 50 m, Que. 50 then the helght of the tower will be =-V3 m. Reason (R): While using the concept of angle of elevation/depression, triangle should be a right angled triangle. the Blanks type Questions Q19. The of sight isthe line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point in the object viewed by the observer. The angle of .. .. of an object viewed is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when itis below the horizontal Level. If the length of the shadow of a tower is/3 times its height, the angle of elevation of the Sun is INCERT EXEMPLAR} From a point 20 m away from the foot of a tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is, 30°, then the height of the tower is [use /3= 173] In the given figure, the angles of depressions from the observing postions O, and 0, respectively of te sand. Q20. Qa. Qe. ea. Directions (Q. Nos. 15-18): In the following questions, 0 statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of a Reoson (R). Choose the correct option: a Both Assertion (A) and Reason (A) are true and Reason (R} Is the correct explanation of Assertion. (a) b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R} Is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A) © Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) I false d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true Q15. Assertion (A): Ifthe length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height, then the angle of elevation of the Sun is 45°. Reason (R): Trigonometric ratio, tangent is defined as Perpendicular Base -Q True/False tyve Questions w Q24. The height of the tower if length of the shadow is 10 mand Sun's altitude is 45°, is 10m. If length of shadow of tower is 20m and angle of elevation is 60°, then the height of tower is Qs. Q26. Alittle boy is flying a kite. The string of kite makes ‘an angle of 30° with the ground. If the height of the kite is 24m, then the length of the string is 35 m. ‘The angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30°. If the height of the tower is doubled then angle of elevation of its top will also be doubled. INCERT EXERCISE] gaz.Solut ns, 1. (b) According to condition, the height of the tower is equal to the length of its Shadow. Le BC = AB () Let 0 be the angle of elevation of the Sun Now In rightangled ABC. © Pesin (ower) A A (Bhadow) BC _ AB tan 0 = BE 9 AS {from eg (1) > tand1 Stand tanas = 0045? 2. (b) Let the angle subtended by a tower (RQ) at a point P fram the base Qis @ Given, AQ = 200m, PQ = 200 mand RPO = 0, Now In right-angled a PQR. (rower) RQ tan 2epQ = Bo an 280 a 200m = tang 2002) 200 A = taneetanase =P 200m = 0845: 3. (a) Let PQ = 6 m be the height of P the pole and RQ=2V3 m be its Rae shadow. = Let angle af elevation of the Sun Rg bee. 2Sm In eight-angled aPOR, =. tane wef ( 6.35 . = Se = w V3 = tan60 2a 3 = 0-60" 4, (d) Given. height of the pole, AB 100 m and distance of a point P from the base A. AP = 100V3m. Let 6 be the angle Subtended by pole (AB) to the point P. In right-angled a PAB, Aa tano 2 AB zy 8 9 OO > eT oR BS = tan tan30" pa A > 0530" 5. (b) Let C be the position of the Sun. Let BC and AB be the length of rod and length of the shadow. Length ofrod _ 1 _ BC Given. Tength of shadow "Ja AB 0) \c (Sun) A K 5 In right-angled aABC, aC AB _ tan8 =. t B = tand = tan30* = 0=30% (Q Let QR = 100 m be the < height of the tower and point P makes an angle of elevation of the top of the tower.le. ZOPR=30. la In rghtangled APOR RQ PO l 1 100 = PO = Q=100/3m 100 «173m (¢) Let BC = h metre be the helght of the tower and distance from observer to the foot of the tower be AB = 100 m. In right-angled aABC. tango" == tang = (-+ from eq. (1)) tan30° vam hmetve adh TOO m => oh (2) Let the string (PK) of a kite (K) in air is PK © 50m long and it makes an angle KPB = 60" with the horizontal PB. Suppose the height of the Kite from the ground (8) =h m. Now. In rightangled A PBK doceSo, required height is 25¥3m. 9. (d) Let BC be the height of the wall and AC =m be the length of the ladder leaning against a wall. w lm wat 4 d Tam 8 Ladder AC makes an angle of elevation of 60° to the wall fe. ZCAB = 60" Let at 6 m be the foot of the ladder from the wall In right-angled AABC. AB ( cosa 8) cossora AB 2 . 146 27 = 1=92m 10. (b) Let BC = 20 m be the height of the tower. Let A be the position of car and C be the position of boy. ‘At point C, boy makes an angle of depression of 60° Le, ZHEA = 60 1 (Car) Here, ZBAC = ZHCA © 60° In right-angted AABC. {alternate angles) go> = 2, ( tano tansor= BE 20 a 5-2 20, v3 20 = 10220, 20.173 BB = 667 «173 =1154m TL (c)Let Abe the position of an object and BC = 50m be the height of tower. (alternate angles) In right-angled aABC. ec 2B tana" 150 .. ru = AB = 503m. 12. (2) In right-angled AABC. y BC tengo’ = FE a = Bw 2 AB = 12043 13, (@)Let BC =15 mbe the height of the tree. Let at point O. tree breaks and touches the top point C of tree to the ground at point A. TRICK The broken part CD of tree is equal to the slope line Al ie, CD=AD. Let BD = xm be the height of broken tree. Then CD = AD =15 - x. Given, broken part of tree CD makes an angle of 60° with the ground ie. ZDAB « 60° In right-angled ABD. = 2 B-x = 153 -V3x=2" = x(2+¥3)=15V3 5 1 2-8 ~ Da 2 5 _30x173-45 3) 43 (:(a¥b) (0-0) =) =519-45=69m 1 (a) Let AE = 16 m be the ° height of an observer and 1 h 8 = hm be the height of the tawer. Let €C = AB = 20 m be the distance fram observer to is the tower. 160 Inright-angled ECD, 0 tanage = 2 am (AB © EC= 20 mand AE = 8C = 16 m)Sometimes students make on error of taking an angle {from point A instead of taking at point E. So, continuous practice is required to make stronger concept. 15. (a) Assertion (A): Let 8C = hm be the height of the pole and AB = (m be the length of the shadow Let the ‘Sun makes an angle @ from point A. Given that, fre l (sun) hm A a In right-anged triangle ABC ac (+ 10-2) tano = SE z “2 tno =2 : Goh Ugivenl] = tand-1-tanast = 8-45 So, Assertion (A) is true Reason (R):Itis also true that tant Perpendicular Base Hence. both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 16. (d) Assertion (A): Let BC = hunits ic be the height of tower and AB» b Trower Then fel > () {fF we tripled the height and base of tower ie, 6C» 3h and AB = 3b. then angle will be ac 3h h no= BC 38 tanga! ane ag 3p > NPD = tan @= tan 60” {From eq. (1)) = 0-60 which s nt tripled the original angle So, Assertion (A) is false Reason (R) Let ABC be an equilateral rangle, Then AB=BC=CA =3V3em s SS ot on Lot h be the altitude of an equilateral triangle. TiP Altitude of an equilateral triangle divides the base into wo equal parts. ENE} sD ec In right-angled AADB, use Pythagoras theorem, apacas eat oe 9 ase Va “2 ‘AD = (aa)? - (60)? Z ofr 2 Pa So, Reason (R) i true Hence, Assertion (A) Is false but Reason (R) is true. 1, (a) Assertion (A) Given tan = 2 =45cm 2 _ aC a8 Let BC = 12k and AB © 5k, where kis a constant. In right-angled ABC, use A°—-—la Pythagoras theorem, AC = (a)? + (8c? = (5K? + (12K? = V25K2 sale = ies =13k= 13 units (Consider k= 1) So. Assertion (A) is true Reason (R): It's a true relation that Ina right-angled triangle. (Hypotenuse)? = (Side)? + (Base)? So, Reason (R) is true Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (A) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A). 18, (a) Assertion (A): Let A be the position of observer eye and BC = him be the height of the tower. ¢ | lnm | Let AB = 50 m be distance between observer's eye and foot of the tower. In right-angled AABC. = tan 2 a (os) BC tanaor— ala = B5019, 20. 2 22. 23, 50,3 _ 50 - "Bip caee So, Assertion (A) is true. Reason (R): itis true to say that white solving the problem of angle of elevation/depression. triangle should be a right-angled triangle Hence, both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) Is the correct explanation of Assertion (A) tine depression Let BC = fim be the height of the tower and C be the position of Sun The length of the (Sun) shadow will be AB = 3h m. [Tower Let the elevation of Sun from ," 5 point & Is CAB = 0, In right-angted SABC. ac eB ah ane ’ («mood hoa Vn 3 tan 30" = b= a0" Let BC = him be the height © of the tower. Let A be the foot of the point such that hk AB = 20m. Also angle of elevation Is 28AC = 30°, K In right-angled triangle. 20m B 153m Hence, height of the tower is 1.53 m. In right-angled AACO,, i Op 9, ZO/AC + ZACO} + ZCO\A = 180" (by angle sum property) = ZO;AC +90" + 60" = 180° 2 ZO)AC = 180" - 150" = 30° 24, 28. 2. Here ZED A = ZO,AC = 30° (altemate angles) Also. —_ZEO;A = 20,AB = 45° (alternate angles) Hence. angles of depressions from points 0} and Oy are respectively 30° and 45° tS) Let C be the position of Sun rower and BC = hm be the height of I the tower. Let AB » 10.m be the imgtva hse hed In right-angled AABC. vom po BE. f tan ase = I h io = he10m Hence. given statement Is true tano= . Let BC =hmetrebe the height ¢ of the tower and AB = 20:m be the length of shadow of tower Inright-angled SABC. rancor = 8 rc = Beh 20 = h=20N3 m Hence. given statement Is false hm tower) A ‘20m 5 Lot C be the position of the kite and A be the position of the boy. Let AC={mbe the length ot (Kh the string and BC = 21m be a 21m the height of the kite. Then 4, ls string of kite makes an angle ZCAB © 30°, In right-angled ABC. sin 30 > [221x2=42m Hence. given statement is false. Let initially height of tower be hrm and AB = xm. In right angled ABC. i tan3or= x IF the height of tower Is doubled ie, BC » 2h then tano=22 x Here we see that angle Is not doubled when height Is. doubled, Hence, given statement is false.€ Case Study Based Questions y Case Study 1 ‘There is fire incident in the house. The house door is locked so, the fireman is trying to enter the house from the window. He places the ladder against the wall such that its top reaches the window as shown in the figure. Based on the above information, solve the following questions: If window is 6 m above the ground and angle made by the foot of ladder to the ground is 30°, then Length of the ladder is: asm b 10m om tf fireman place the ladder 5 m away from the wall and angle of elevation is observed to be 30°, then length of the ladder is: On ¢ Sim B a Iffireman places the ladder 2.5 mawayfromthewall and angle of elevation is observed to be 60°, then find the height of the window: (Take V3 = 1.73) a.4325m b 55m c63m 625m If the height of the window is 8 m above the ground and angle of elevation is observed to be 45°, then horizontal distance between the foot of ladder and wall is: a.2m Qu. 2m ge. asm b 420m Qs. Qa. b4m c6m dBm QS. Ifthe fireman gets a 9 m long ladder and window is at 6 m height, then how far should the ladder be placed? asm bp Wom cam 6.4m Solutions ]}———. 1 Let AC be the length of the ¢ ladder In right-angled aABC. a 3 sin30° = 2 r& = 1-8 sace oy So. option (¢) is correct Case |. Let BC be the height of window from ground, anges nb ee aor=A = Atom By ged So. option (b) is correct. Sm, In right-angled SABC, ac tangor= 8 78 a a 25 Ase = 8C=25%173 =4325m 0, option (a) is correct Let ABbe the horizontal distance between the foot of ladder and wall In right-angled AABC, tan 4s? O_o 2B ac ue 8 rc = Abeem So. option (d) Is correct. 3. Let the required distance be x us In right-angled “ABC. (9)? =F + (67? (By Phthagoras theorem) al-36=2 Gare x=W5m So, option (b) is correct. Study 2 A group of students of class-X visited India Gate on an education trip. The teacher and students had interest in history as well. The teacher narrated that India Gate, official name is Delhi Memorial, originally called All-India War Memorial, Monumental Sandstone Arch in New Delhi is dedicated to the troops of British India who died in wars fought between 1914 and 1919. The teacher also said that India Gate, which is located at the eastern end of the Rajpath (formerly called the Kingsway), is about 138 feet (42 metres) in height.2. Let the required distance be xm. Given, angle of elevation (0) = 60” and height of the monument (BC) = 42m TiP Memorize the values of trigonometric angles properly and do practice more Now, in right-angled AABC. Based on the given information, solve the 5 following questions. tene= 8. Q1. What is the angle of elevation, if they are standing a ata distance of 42¥3 maway from the monument? «42 = tango° = <= am ao bao c45h dh OF x Q2. They want to see the tower (monument) at an 2 angle of 60°. So, they want to know the distance = ar h where they should stand and hence find the 0h te distance. (Usey3 = 1.732] s 423 a 3 2.2424m 6 201m ¢A2m — d.2564m BB . 14 1732 » 24.24 m Q3. Ifthe altitude of the Sun is at 30°, then the height sai agtson (3) i earteet fain Yertcal tower that wil east a shadow of 3 2: the height ofthe oun 4‘ vertical tower be x “ a 13m bm «22m o 23m hm. t ar 8 Given angle _of Is Q4. The ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow is elevation (9}=30 28,5. The angle of elevation of the Sun is: Be Mere oe te } Aas NE. al i shadow (A) =30m AS——a9m—e8 a. 30 b.60° Now, In right-angled 45 4.30" ABC Q5. The angle formed by the line of sight with the Poeeel horizontal when the object viewed is above the i 7 = tana0°= a. angle of elevation _b. angle of depressian 30 corresponding angled. camplete angle Lin = eu Solutions he of 208 anim 1. Let the angle of elevation be 8 = “5 Bo) Given that, Height of the monument (8C) = 42m and AB=42¥3 m Now in right-angled SABC, So, option (a) is correct ERROR Some students confused the volues of ton 30° ond tan 60°. They take wrong value in haste. tend Seo a 4. Given, the ratio of the length of a rod and its shadow (s 24:63, = tan de Fe=tan3o" Lot AC= 24k A Seon o=30° A q and BC = BY3k So. option (b) is correct. | 423 —" where kisa positive oak integer. COMMON! ERROR Students take the value of Now, let angle of elevation of the Sun p> —He = tan 60° in precocity. \se. . In right-angled aACB; 1 But its wrong. The comrect value of x= 18" 30".24k 208, 3 8 Thus, the iat ‘f remaining part of the tree is = tango Bt 288 BB: 10y3m. * tand « tan 60" 2. inright-angled aCBO_ eee ers 08 _ 30 50. option (b) Is correct. cos 30°= ie 5. The angle formed by the Une of sight with the horizontal. when the object viewed is above the fa_30 horizontal level. is angle of elevation > Sk So. option (a) Is correct. Case Study 3 > of - Be $a sae Suppose a straight vertical tree is broken at some point due to storm and the broken partis inclined > c= 20V3m at a certain distance from the foot of the tree. from part (). C= x = 105m Thus, the height of the straight vertical tree AB=DC+BC = 203 + 10V3 = 303m, Bs 3. Here. h= 6 mand 0 =30" Based on the above information, solve the OC = AC=(6-x) m e following questions: How. in right angled BCD, QL If the top of upper part of broken tree touches we hove re an ground at a distance of 30 m (from the foot of the sin 30° O is tree) and makes an angle of inclination 30°, then t Q2. Find the height of the straight vertical tree. ~ Int Q3. If the height of a tree is 6 m, which is broken by s 6-x-2 = %-6 = x-2 ‘wind in such a way that its top touches the ground So, broken part of tree, AC=6—x=6-2=4m. and makes an angle 30° with the ground. Find the length of broken part of the tree. OR If AB = 10/3 m and AD = 2/5 m, then find CD. or Clearly.60 = 28 AD = (103 - 23) m= 8V3m Now. in right-angled ABCD, we have singor=22 5 33 § ocntem oc oC 2 Case Study 4 ‘Sandeep and his sister Dolly visited at their uncle's, place—Birth, Himachal Pradesh. During day time Sandeep, who is standing on the ground spots a paraglider at a distance of 24 m from him at an Solutions: elevation of 30°. His sister Dolly is also standing 1. Let AB be the tee of height hm and let it broken at oon the roof of a 6 m high building, observes the height of xm. as shown in figure. elevation of the same paraglider as 45". Sandeep Clearly CD = AC = (h—x)m_ ‘and Dolly are on the opposite sides of the Nowe in right-angled aC6O. we have paraglider. ‘ hm @ ' | 2 [p 4S, xm} e m = + “Ax sn : nee Ve aeQu. Qe. a3. Based on the given information, solve the following questions: Find the distance of paraglider from the ground. Find the value of PD. Find the distance between the paraglider and the Dolly. or Find the distance between Sandeep and base of the building. Solutions In the right-angled AQD, we have sing0°=29 , 1,00 in30= AD 2 24 > DQ=12m Thus, distance of paraglider from the ground is 12m. We have PQ = 8C =m Now, 35 09 = 12. m OP =09-PQ= 12-6 =6m In right-angled aBPO, we have sin 45° =. = e 80= 1 = - pw Thus, the distance of paraglider from the gles ev2m Or In right-angled AAQD, we have AQ 30° cos30"=58 B29 5 aq-rafim Inrightangled aBPO. we have we 45°28 cos 5 =F = $e cal = 8P=6m Thus. the distance between Sandeep and base of the building © AQ +BP 2123 +6 =6 (23 +1)m. Case Study 5 Radio towers are used for transmitting a range of communication services including radio and television. The tower will either act as an antenna itself or support one or more antennas on its structure. On a similar concept, a radio station tower was built in two Sections A and B. Tower is supported by wires from a point O. Distance between the base of the tower and point O is 36 cm. From point O, the angle of elevation Of the top of the Section B is 30° and the angle of elevation of the top of Section A is 45°. an ge Qs. EN um Based on the given information, solve the following questions [ese 2023) Find the length of the wire from the point 0 to the top of Section B. Find the height of the Se the tower. Find the distance AB. or Find the area of AOPB. 1m A from the base of Solutions: Let the length of the wire from the point Oto the top of section B, le, 08 Given, OP = 36 cm and 280° = 30° Now in right-angled s8PO, B36 2 6 7 = Be fe AB a So. required length is 24/3 cm. Glven, ZAQP = 45* and OP = 36cm Now in right-angled APO, ap tan age = al 2 % L lax = 8P036am Pear The height of he Section A frm te base ofthe tower AP bem. Now. right-angled ABPO, >, OP cos30°= 5 em > fee Le op 38,43 368 yg Ba 3 AB = AP BP ( 16 ~ 1203 = 123-3) So, required distance AB is 12(3—3)cm. or tan 30° a ep= AP = 36cm)Since 00 ghana Arcot soPo = trex 1 1 =2.0Px6P=1%36x12y 3 OP XBP = 36% 123 = 2163 cm? Case Study 6 Qu a2. Qs. A boy is standing on the top of light house. He observed that boat P and boat Q are approaching the light house from opposite directions. He finds that angle of depression of boat P is 45° and angle of depression of boat Q is 30°. He also knows that height of the light house is 100 m, {c0se sop 2023-24) hoo nN Q Based on the above information, answer the following questions. What is the measure of “APD? If WAQ= 30°, then ZAQD is also 30°, why? Find length of PD. or Find length of QD. Solutions 1. Let a boy is standing an the top (A) of light hause (a0). Here XYIl PQ and AP Is traversal ZAPD = ZPAX x (Alternative interior angles) = ZAPD=45" Given, ZYAQ = 30" = 2AQ0-30" Because. XVIIPQ and AQ is a traversal. So, alternate interiar angles are equal. ZYAQ= ZAQD. & 3. Inright-angled ADP. Ao nase AD tangs 42 = 10 PO 7 PD=100 m Boat Ps 100 m from the light house or In right-angled AADQ, AD tan30°=A2 00 1.100 ~ Boe . go =100¥m Boat Q is 1003 m from the light house. @) Very Short Answer type Questions y QL The length of the shadow of a tower on the plane ground is -/3 times the height of the tower. Find the angle of elevation of the Sun. [CSE 2023) The ratio of the height of a tower and the length of its shadow on the ground is 3:1. What is the angle of elevation of the Sun? [c8se 2017] 3. What is the angle of depression of the object at E from the observation point A, if AD = ED? (c¥se 2017) The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground which is 30 m away from the foot of the tower, is 30°. Find the height of the tower. [cose 2023) ‘A building casts a shadow of length 5V3 mon the ground, when the Sun's elevation is 60°. Find the height of the building. Akite is flying, attached to a thread which is 140 m long. The thread makes an angle of 30° with the ground. Find the height of the kite from the ground, assuming that there is no slack in the thread. (Um) @ Short Answer tupe- Questions y QL The angle of depression of car parked on the road from the top of a 150 m high tower is 30°. Find the distance of the car from the tower. Find the length of the shadow on the ground of a pole of height 18 m when angle of elevation 0 of 6 7 Q3. In figure, AB is a 6 m high pole and CD is a ladder inclined at an angle of 60° to the horizontal and reaches up to a point D of pole. if AD = 2.54 m, find the length of the ladder.[Use V3 = 1.73] [cose 2016) a2. Q4. as. 6. gz. the Sun is such that tan9 = [case 2023)Q4. A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the ground making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree. INcenr EXERCISE; Imp] QS. The top of two towers of height x and y, standing ‘on level ground, subtend angles of 30° and 60° respectively at the centre of the line joining their feet, then find x:y. [c8se 2015) -@ Short Answer tupe-ti Questions y Q1. Aboy 1.7 m tall s standing on a horizontal ground, 50 m away from a building. The angle of elevation of the top of the building from his eye is 60°. Calculate the height of the bui [Take V3 = 1.73] [case sep 2022 Term tl) Q2. The shadow of a tower at a time is three times as long as its shadow when the angle of elevation of the Sun is 60°, Find the angle of elevation of the ‘Sun at the time of the longer shadow. [c¥Se 2017] 3. The angle of elevation of the top of a tower 30 m high from the foot of another tower in the same plane is 60° and the angle of elevation of the top of the second tower from the foot of the first tower is 30°. Find the distance between the two towers and also the height of the other tower. [cos€ 2025] Q4. A person walking 45m towards a tower in a horizontal line through its base observes that angle of elevation of the top of the tower changes from 45° to 60°. Find the height of the tower. [Use /3 =1.732] (case 2017) 5. ATV tower stands vertically on the bank of a canal. From a point on the other bank directly opposite the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 60°. From another point 20 m away from the point on the Line joining this point to the foot of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30°, Find the height of the tower. {cose 2023} Q6. The angle of elevation of the top of a building from a point A on the ground is 30°. On moving a distance of 30 m towards its base to the point B, the angle of elevation changes to 45°. Find the helght of the building and the distance of its base from point A. (Use 3 = 1.732) {case 2023] Q7. From a point on a bridge across a river, the angles of depression of the banks on opposite sides of the river are 50° and 45° respectively. If the bridge is at a height of 3 m from the banks, then find the width of the river. [CBSE 2022 Tern} 8. Two vertical poles of different heights are standing 20m away from each other on the level ground. The angle of elevation of the top of the first pole from the foot of the second pole is 60° and angle of elevation of the top ofthe second pole from the foot, of the first pole is 30°. Find the difference between the heights of two poles. [Take V3 = 1.73] [cose sop 2022 Term} Q9. Amoving boat is observed from the top of a 150m. high cliff moving away from the cliff. The angle of depression of the boat changes from 60° to 45° in 2 min. Find the speed of the boat (in m/min). (cose 2019, 17) Q Long Answer tyse Questions QL. From the top of atower 100 m high, a man observes two cars on the opposite sides of the tower with angles of depression 30° and 45° respectively. Find the distance between the two cars. [Use V3 =1.73] [case 2023] Q2. Froma point on the ground, the angles of elevation ‘of the bottom and the top of a tower fixed at the top of a 20 m high building are 45° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the tower. [NCERT EXERCISE; CBSE 2020) Q3. An aeroplane when flying at a height of 4000 m from the ground passes vertically above another aeroplane at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the same point on the ground are 60° and 45° respectively. Find the vertical distance between the aeroplanes at that instant. [Use v3 = 1.73] [cese2023] Q4. Two ships are approaching a light house from ‘opposite directions. The angles of depression of the two ships from the top of a lighthouse are 30° and 45°. If the distance between the two ships is 100 m, find the height of the lighthouse. [Use /3 = 1.732] QS. A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. Aman standing on the top of the 75 m high tower observes two cars at angles of depression of 30° and 60°, which are approaching the foot of the ‘tower. If one car is exactly behind the other on the ‘same side of the tower, find the distance between the two cars. [Use 3 = 1.73] [case 2023)Q6. As observed from the top of a 100 m high Light house from the sea-level, the angles of depression of two ships are 30° and 45°. If one ship is exactly behind the other on the same side of the light house, find the distance between the two ships. [Use /3 = 1.732] ncenrexencise; case 2018, 17] Q7. From the top of a building 60 m high, the angles ‘of depression of the top and bottom of a tower are observed to be 30° and 60° respectively. Find the height of the tower. Also, find the distance between the building and the tower. [Usev5 = 1.732] [case 2023} Solutions v Very Short Answer Type Questions OO Aon) 1. Let AB be the tower and BC be if its shadow. h Lot angle of elevation of the pre" Sun be 6 4 d omer in right-angled 4 ABC. pea tang = 48 “ ( » sne-f) h tono= = ina == tana0° B 30° Hence, the elevation of the Sun is 30°. ERROR 1 Seedares te the vol of 5 tan 60° in hoste. But it is wrong. So, the correct value of 2. = tan 30° a 2. Given that. the ratio of the helght of a tower and the length of its shadow on the ground is V3:1 Let. tower height (PQ) = WW3 and its shadow length (SQ)=t Let 2P50=6 (angle of elevation ofthe Sun) Now. in rightangled 495, Po_W3 _ 5 tana Fao = V5 = tanbutan 60’ > 0260" So, the angle of elevation ofthe Sun is 60° 2. Let the angle of depression of the object at € fram. the observation paint A is 0 Xenon In right-angled SADE. weno - £2 (AD) _ . SAB! =1 (» AD=€D) o tan 45 = boas" Hence, the angle of depression is 45° 4, Given, the angle of elevation of the top (T) of a tower TB froma point (P) on the ground which is 30 m away from the foot (8) of the tower. Is ZBPT = 30° le. 8P=30 mand tet 8T = hm Now. In right-angled ATEP, i en rf 25 So Lh > Fs os na Be 3 = newSm So, height of the tower is 10¥3m. 5. LetBC=hmbethehelghtof thebullding. AB =5V3 m and ZCAB = 60", (sun) 3 A | 5h Va- sh Sal 15m Hence, height of the building Is 15 m.6. Let ACbe the length of thread and AB be the vertical helght ofthe kite TiP Students should do proctice, use of trigonometrical ratios in the triangle. Let AB = him, AC=140 m and ZACB = 30° Inright-angled 4 ABC. sin30 = h Hence, the height of the kite is 70 m. Short Answer Type-I Questions 1. Lot AB = 150 m be the height of the tower and angle of depression is 2 DAC = 30" a ° oy 150m é e Then, ZACB = 2 DAC = 30° In right-angled 4 ABC, {alternate angles) ° tango" = 28 (+ 70-2) s 4.150 v3 BC > BC=150/3m Hence. the distance of car fram the tower Is 15/3 m. ‘Some condidates are unable to draw the diagram as per the given dota and lose their marks. 2. Let the length of the shadow BS = xm on the ground of a pole BP of height 18 m. Given, 82 618 m (Po) s | and tant 7 ham Now in right-angled aP8s, | Bess iS mc ‘Shadow tnde se Stee, |. From figure. 80 3x7=21m So. the required length of shadow Is 21 m. (8 AD =6-254=346m In right-angled ADBC, yg BO. 3.46 singo’ 9 £2 = Sy 3 346 - 2 BAGX2 _ 346 x2 _ yoy ~ on"n ma" Hence. length of the ladder is 4 m. |. Let AC was the original tree. Due to storm. it was broken into two parts. The broken part AB Is making, an angle of 30° with the ground, A rr In lghtangled 4 4°. = BL tango" = BE . ac and Heightofthetree- AB~-GC=A'B48C (- 8-8) ies 24,24 V3, EEE ~ 208 in -a/3m Hence, the height of the tree Is 8 /Im 5. The base is same for both towers and their heights are ghen, Le. xand y respectively Let the base of towers be BC=CQ =k In right-angled 4 ABC.Short Answer Type 1 pag x tana e Be = t Bee - wk = ee 0 In right-angled APOC. PO ¥ toneo' 5 ~f @ may = B-¥ = yah From eqs. (I) and (2). we get =4xLel vi kv3 3 =1:3 x y xy Questions Let height of the tower be BE = hm and AO = 17 mbe the height of the boy. E hm 60" 17m om ‘Also, given the angle of elevation of the boy to the top of the tower Is ZCDE = 60" Here, €C=€8-8C n-17— (-BC® AD = 17m) Also. OC = AB = 50m. In right-angled triangle DCE, = -17 = h=50x173+17 =8650+17 > ©8820 Hence. height of the building is 88.20 m. ‘Suppose B be the position of the Sun. Let the height of the tower be hm and the angle between the Sun and the ground at the time of longer shadow be 0. AC and AD are the lengths of the shadow of the tower when the angle between the Sun and the ground are 60" and 0, respectively 5 (Sun) As sx Let AC x unit, then Given, AD=3/AC = ADESx In right-angled BAC. AB tano*= 22 > Beh x = hexd “ In eight-angled ABAD. Aah tono 885 = h=3xxtano Q From eqs (1) and (2). we get a3 =3x-tano = tan =e tan30° > 0=30 . Let AB = 30 m be the helght of the tower and CO = hmbe the height of the another tower. Then. 5 ZCAD = 30" and ZACB = 60" In ight-angled AACE AB rane = 2 enc (-1o-2) 30 30 = =32 5 ace 7 3-50 ie a = aC 30, v3 _30V3 222-8 - iam 8.8 3 Inright-angled ACAD, tanaor = 2Hence, the distance between the two towers and height of the other tower are TOV3m and 10 m respectively 4 Let AB=/hm be the helght of the tower. Let BC= xm and DC = 45m In right-angled 4 ABC. tango" = 22 a = eee ” (v) A h A be dl Cs mee In right-angled ABD, 2 AB AB ce BD Bc+OO gam ~ p x+ 45 = hands b = pathos ing eq, (1 Las {using e9. (0) V3+1 {rationalising the denominator) AEA (0-1) 0-9-7) _ 45(3 +1732) Hence, the height of the tower is 106.47 m. ERROR Sometime students get confused with the values of trigonometric angles. They substitute wrang values which leads to the wrong result. 5. Let a TV tower (TB) stands vertically on the bank (8) of a canal. From a paint A on the other bank directly ‘opposite the tower. the angle of elevation of the top Toof the tower is ZTAB = 60" From another point P, AP = 20m away from the point A on the tine joining this point to the foot (8) of the tower, the angle of elevation of the top T of the tower is TPB « 30°. Suppose height of the tower 1B=hm. Now In right-angled aABT. ond i L\ Pe20m A a h tango= 78. nS on - => AB= A) Bagg OR In right-angled PET, (from eq, (0) > h=10v3, Hence. the height of the tawer is 1OV3mn. Let the angle of elevation of the top T of a building, (TH) from a_ point Aon the ground Is ZTAH = 30°. On moving a. distance AB = 30m towerds its base to the point him B. the angle of cones” Kee fe M22 BH Suppose the height TH = fm of the building and the distance of its base fram point A is AH = am, Now In right-angled aBHT. 7H tends ot A = A y-30-h x30 AJ xoh+30 a) In right-angled aAHT. TH tana0" =Fseas xen 2) From eqs. (1) and (2), we get 430 = tS = V3h-h=30 5 W3-)he30 = (1732=1)h=30 320 hegase 409m From (), x=40, 98 +30=70.98m Hence, height of the building and the distance of its base from point A are 40.98m and 798m, respectively, Let A be the point of the bridge and B and D be the position of the opposite sides of the bridge. Also. given the angle of depressions are ZEABo 45° and ZFAD = 30° Then, ZAR = ZEAB = 45 and ZADC = ZFAD = 30° In right-angled BCA, (by alternate angles) (by alternate angles) AC tandse = AC = GE 7 aC=3m In right-angled ADA. ac tangg= AC ango"= 5 2 rw > OeNem BD =8C+CD aN =3(1443)m Hence, width of the river is 3(1+-V3}m. Let heights of two different poles be BC = hy m and AD=hym. ¢ ie hom —Da— BAC = 60" ZABD = 30° and OAB = 20 m Also given, Inright-angled 4 ABC ec tangas - 86 neo" = SE h, = ay 8 20 = by =20¥3m In ight-angled ABAD, tan30 1 B = by The difference between the helght of two poles y= hy = 20V3- 2 5 _S0V3-20V3 _40V3 3 3 _40x173 692 3 3 =2307m 9. In the figure, AB represents the 150 m high ctff Intialy the boats at point Cand it moves to point Din 2 min and asit s given that the angle of depression of the boat changes from 60° to 45° x +160: TiP {6 wansversol intersects two poole ines then each Pai of etemate interior angtes sequal ZDAX = ZADB 5° and ZCAX = ZACB = 60" (alternate interior angles) In right-angled SABC. = AB tan 60° BC 150 = AB =E> (AB 6 1500m and BC » yen)150 _ 150, V3 _ 150V5 2 = BOAO 8 BNE _ 503m BBB 3 In right-angled AABD, AB AB n 45° = AB. eee 8D BC+CD > — (> y=50V3 m) = x+y 150 = x=150-50¥3m The boat covers CO distance in 2 min. The speed of boat = Smimin distance _ CD ti 2 “5 mimin 10-5043) m/min 2 =25(3-¥3) mimin = 25,3 (43-1) m/min Long Answer Type Questions 1. Letthe topo the tower AD. aman atpoint A observed the angle of depression 30° of car Cand angle of depression 45° oF car B on both sides ofa tower e “aN 4 ax oy c qyTiP fo tronsversol intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles Is equal. {alternate angles) yl concept of angle of depression must be understood deeply and clearly. In right-angled AAOB. (let 08 = xm) = x= 100m ( In right-angled aa0c. 08 _ 100 tana0e = FF = HO (let OC = ym) = 1100 Boy = y=100V3 m e Therefore, Width ofthe rivers Key = 100 + 1003 = 100+ 100 «173 =100 + 173 273m Hence, distance between two cars is 273m 2, Let AB be the tower and BC A be the building Let DC = xm, AB = him and bm BC = 20m. “wor In right-angled ABCD. r tanage=8E =, 1-20 20m oc a Building = «2am Zee || In right-angled AACD, =e AC AB +8C tang: = AE = ABBE a. ie +20 = Vix=n+20 = ¥3x20=n+20 (2x=20m) = he 20¥3-20 = 20(V3-1)m Hence. the height of tower Is 20 (3 -1)m. . Suppose an aeroplane (A) (Aeroplane) when flying at a height AB = 4000 m from the ground passes vertically above another —_aeroplane() ‘at an instant when the angles of elevation of the two planes from the Same point (P) on the ground are 2APB = 60" and ZHPB = 45° respectively Let the vertical distance between the aeroplanes at that instant (AH) = hm, HB = AB— AH = (4000 - h) m. In right-angled APBH. 4000-n PB = PB=4000-h ) In right-angled APBA. Ae 4000 taneor=A28 5 an60" = py = 5 = ¥3P8 =4000> ¥3(4000-h)= 4000 [from eq, (1)) 4000 4000 = h=4o00-: 4oo9- 2000 Bb 1732 = 4000 -2309.47 = 1690.53 m,‘Thus. the vertical distance between the aeroplanes at that instant is 1690.53 m. 4, Let PQ be the Ughthouse. and Aand Bare the position of two ships TiP The concept of angle of depression must be understood deeply and clearly. x ey Let PQ = hm, AQ = xm and QB» ym. The distance between two ships (AB) = #y=100"m (Given) In right-angled 4 PQA. ee _ ps ee a) In rght-angted 498, peo] | a tan 30’ e> Va = ya ah (2) ‘Adding es. (1) and (2). we get xtyshe/h = -h+3h=100 (exe y= 100 m) = (W3+)h=100 Yin) V3~1 100. va+1 > h (ationalising the denominator) = 0/3 =) “a 100(1732-1) 2 (+ (a+b) (a-b) =o? B) 250 «0.732=36.6m Hence, the height of the lighthouse Is 36.6 m. 5. Given, the angles of depression of two cars A and B from the man standing on the top D of the tower CO (say) with height 75 m are 60° and 30° respectively. 15m fo tronsversol intersects two parallel lines, then each air of alternate interior angles is equal. 2X08 = ZCBD = 30" and 2XDA=ZCAD=60" (alternate angles) Let the distance between the cars, AB = ym In right-angled AACD, In right-angled a8CO, co. mo 75 {an 30 = RAE Ty En V5 =50«173= 065 50. required distance between two cars is 8.5m 6. Let AB be the light house. C and D be the position of the ships. TiP If @ transversal intersects two parallel lines, then each puiref alteate interior ongles i equal ZEAD = ZADB = 30° and ZEAC = ZACB=45° (alternate interior angles) € 100 BC BC = BC=100mIn right-angled ABO, 200. = ov BD > 80=100V3m ae = 3 The distance between the two ships, CD = BD-BC= 100/3 - 100 = 100 (V3 ~1) = 100(1732-1) = 100 x 0.732=732m Hence. the dlstance between the two ships is 73.2 m. 7. In the figure, DE represents the tower and AC represent 60 m high building. The dlstance between building and tower is DC = xrm Let the height of the tower be him. TiP If otronsversol intersects two parallel lines, then each pair of alternate interior angles is equal (oulaing) | —— DARE = ZAEB = 30° and ZXAD = ZADC = 60! (alternate interior angles) In right-angled sage. Multiple Choice Questions QL. Ifa pole 6 m high casts @ shadow 2/3 m long on the ground, then Sun's elevation is: a. 60" bas? 30° 4.90" The angle of depression of a car parked on the road from the top of 120 m high tower is 30°. The distance of the car from the tower (in metres) is: Qe. a, 120V3 m bom <. 40V3 m 4 None of these (- DE =BC=h -. AB= AC - BC = AC-DE=60-h) = x=y3(60-h) 0 In right-angled SACD, eo AC AC tan60* == ¢ 80 ~ “Ya (60-h) = 60-3(60-n) = 20660-h = he4om x=¥f3 (60-h) [from eg (1) x =¥3 (60-40)= 203 - 20 « 1732 =3464m Hence. distance between the building and the tower js 34.64 m and height of the tower is 40 m. ERROR The concept of ongle of depression and ongle of elevation are not cleor to many students, That's why they ore not able to draw the diagram correctly. x Chapter Test Assertion and Reason Type Questions Directions (Q. Nos. 3-4): In the following questions, 0 statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of 0 Reason (R). Choose the correct choices as. ‘a. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) isthe correct explanation of Assertion (a) b. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true but Reason (R) Assertion (A) ©. Assertion (A) is true but Reason (Ri) is false. d. Assertion (A) is false but Reason (R) is true. Assertion (A): If the length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height, then the angle of elevation of the sun is 45°. is not the correct explanation of Qs.Reason (R): Trigonometric ratio, tangent is defined Perpendicular as tan@= Base Q4. Assertion (A): The angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 30° and the horizontal distance from the observer's eye to the foot of the tower is 50m, 50 then the height ofthe tower will be V3 m. Reason (R): While using the concept of angle of elevation/depression, triangle should be a right- angled triangle. Fillin the Blanks QS. The ....nn. Of Sight is the line drawn from the eye of an observer to the point in the object viewed by the observer. Q6. The angle of of an object viewed is the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is below the horizontal level. True/False Q7. The height of the tower if length of the shadow is 10 mand Sun's altitude is 45°, is 10m. Q8. If length of shadow of tower is 20m and angle of elevation is 60°, then the height of tower is. = m. Case Study Based Question Q9. One day while sitting on the bridge across a river Ankit observes the angles of depression of the banks on opposite sides of the river are 30° and 60° respectively as shown in the figure. (Take Js =+*+) 8 ‘DA Based on the above information, following questions. solve the () If the bridge is at a height of 6 m, then, find the length of AD. (i) Find the length of BD. (iii) Find the width of the river. Or Find the distance of Ankit (c) from both banks of the river. Very Short Answer Type Questions Q10. Aladder 15 m long just reaches the top of a vertical wall. If the ladder makes an angle of 60° with the wall, find the height of the wall. QUL A kite is flying, attached to a thread which is 140 m Long. The thread makes an angle of 30° with the ground. Find the height of the kite from the ground, assuming that there is no slack in the thread. Short Answer Type-I Questions Q12, The length of a string between a kite and a point on the ground is 70 m. Ifthe string makes an angle 0 with the ground level such that tan 0 = Shen the kite is at what height from the ground? A tree breaks due to storm and the broken part bends so that the top of the tree touches the ground making an angle 30° with it. The distance between the foot of the tree to the point where the top touches the ground is 8 m. Find the height of the tree. Short Answer Type-II Questions Q14. A person walking 45 m towards a tower in a horizontal line through its base observes that angle of elevation of the top of the tower changes from 45° to 60°, Find the height of the tower. Froma point O on the ground, the angle of elevation of the top of a tower is 30 and that of the flagstaff on the top of the tower is 60°. If the Length of the flagstaff is 5 m, find the height of the tower. Qi. Qs. Long Answer Type Question Q16. Two ships are approaching a lighthouse from opposite directions. The angles of depression of the two ships from the top of a lighthouse are 30° and 45°. if the distance between the two ships is 100 m, find the height of the lighthouse. (Use V3 =1732)