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Operations With Integers

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Muslimen Daingan
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12 views2 pages

Operations With Integers

Uploaded by

Muslimen Daingan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Operations with Integers

Adding and Subtracting Integers

1. Same Signs: If the numbers have the same sign, add, keep the sign.

Examples: a) 12 + 4 = 16
b) ( −12 ) + ( −4 ) = −16
c) −12 − 4 = −16

2. Opposite Signs: If the numbers have opposite signs, subtract, keep the sign of the number
with the greatest absolute value (distance from 0.

Examples: a) 12 − 4 = 8 b) 4 − 12 = −8
c) 12 + ( −4 ) = 8 d) 4 + ( −12 ) = −8
e) −4 + 12 = 8 f) −12 + 4 = −8

3. Rule for Opposites: − ( −a ) = a

A negative sign "−" outside a set of parentheses can be read as "find the opposite of." For
example, the expression − ( −12 ) means "find the opposite of −12 ." Since the opposite of a
negative number is a positive number, − ( −12 ) = 12 .

To simplify expressions with double negative signs, replace the double negative signs with a
positive sign. Then combine the numbers using the rules for adding and subtracting integers.

Examples: a) −12 − ( −4 ) = −12 + 4 = −8 b) 12 − ( −4 ) = 12 + 4 = 16


c) −4 − ( −12 ) = −4 + 12 = 8 d) 4 − ( −12 ) = 4 + 12 = 16
e) −4 − ( −4 ) = −4 + 4 = 0 f) 12 − ( −12 ) = 12 + 12 = 24

4. Adding and Subtracting More than Two Integers: To add and subtract more than two
integers,

1) Replace all double negative signs with a positive sign.


2) Add all positive values; add all negative values.
3) Combine the results.

Example: 6 − 4 − ( −7 ) + ( − 5 ) =
6 − 4 + 7 + ( −5 ) = Change the double negative to a positive.

6 + 7 = 13 ← Add the positive values.


−4 + ( −5 ) = −9 ← Add the negative values.

13 − 9 = 4 ← Combine the results.

PBCC 1 SLC Lake Worth Math Lab


Multiplying and Dividing Integers

1. Same Signs: If the numbers have the same sign, the product or quotient is positive.

Examples: a) 12 ( 4 ) = 48 b) 12 ÷ 4 = 3
c) ( −12 ) ( −4 ) = 48 d) −12 ÷ ( −4 ) = 3

Think: ( + )( + ) = ( + ) and ( − )( − ) = ( + )

2. Opposite Signs: If the numbers have opposite signs, the product or quotient is negative.

Examples: a) −12 ( 4 ) = −48 b) −12 ÷ 4 = −3


c) 12 ( −4 ) = −48 d) 12 ÷ ( −4 ) = −8

Think: ( + )( − ) = ( − ) and ( − )( + ) = ( − )

3. When multiplying more than two Integers, count the number of negative signs:

a) If the number of negative signs is even, the product is always positive.

Example: −4 ( −12 )( −1)( −2 ) = 48 ( −1)( −2 ) = −48 ( −2 ) = 96

b) If the number of negative signs is odd, the product isalways negative.

Example: −4 ( −12 )( −1) = 48 ( −1) = −48

4. Exponents: To determine the sign of the product when a negative number is raised to a
power, look at the power – is it even or odd?

1) A negative number raised to an even power is always positive.

( −2 ) = ( −2 )( −2 )( −2 )( −2 ) = 16
4
Example:

2) A negative number raised to an odd power is always negative.

( −2 ) = ( −2 )( −2 )( −2 ) = −8
3
Example:

Note that −2 4 ≠ ( −2 ) . In the expression −24 , the base is 2, not −2, and the negative sign
4

is read as "find the opposite of." Because 24 = 16 and the "opposite of" 16 is −16,

−24 = − ( 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 2 ) = −16

PBCC 2 SLC Lake Worth Math Lab

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