SOFTMAX

ONLINE SCHOOL
Haque Villa, Rangamati Nir, DUET, Gazipur-1707 01784450949, 0967 8677 677 [email protected]

Aa¨vq-7 g„wËKv `~lY

❖ wewfbœ LwbR ˆRe Dcv`vb, cÖ¯’igq KwVb c`v_©, cvwb, evqy BZ¨vw` Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖ‡Y MwVZ c„w_exi c„ó AveiY‡K gvwU e‡j| GLv‡b MvQ-
cvjv R‡b¥ Ges ¯’jR ev¯‘Z‡š¿ ARxe I mRxe Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM iÿv K‡i| gvwUi DcwifvM n‡Z Dw™¢` cywó c`v_© MÖnY K‡i hv wewfbœ
cwi‡cvlK †hgb t †K‡Pv, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, QÎvK BZ¨vw` cPbkxj ‰Re Dcv`vb †hgb t g„Z‡`n I Dcvs‡ki wbtm„Z eR©¨ c`v_©‡K RvwiZ K‡i
gvwUi cywó Dcv`vb ev De©iZv e„w× NUvq| wKš‘ gbyl¨m„ó wewfbœ wµqvKjv‡ci Øviv gvwU `~l‡Yi d‡j G me cwi‡cvl‡Ki aŸs‡mi d‡j MvQcvjv,
RxeRš‘ I ¯^vfvweK e„w× I weKv‡ki e¨vNvZ N‡U Ges mvgwMÖK ev¯‘Z‡š¿i Dci cÖfve †d‡j e¨w³MZ m‡PZbZv e„w×i gva¨‡g g„wËKv `~lYKvix
eR©¨ c`v‡_©i Drcv`b n«vm Ges Drcvw`Z eR©¨ h_vh_ e¨e¯’vcbvi gva¨‡g msMÖn I ¯Í‚cxKiY K‡i g„wËKv `~lY n«vm wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq| GQvov
AvBb cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡gI g„wËKv `~lYKvix eR©¨ Drcv`b n«vm I hÎZÎ wb‡ÿcY n«v‡mi gva¨‡g g„wËKv `~lY n«vm ev wbqš¿Y m¤¢e| Av‡iKwU
¸iæZ¡c~Y© Dcvq n‡”Q m¤ú‡`i cybiæ×vi A_©vr cybiveZ©b‡hvM¨ eR©¨ Dcvq n‡”Q ‡ccvi, Møvm, cøvw÷K, avZz BZ¨vw` c„_K K‡i †m¸‡jv cÖhy w³
e¨envi K‡i Dc‡hvMx K‡i bZzb eR©¨ m„wó n«vm K‡i g„wËKv `~lY I wbqš¿Y m¤¢e|

SOS AwZ msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

1| g„wËKv (Soil) Kv‡K e‡j?

DËi t wewfbœ LwbR Dcv`vb, ‰Re Dcv`vb, cÖ¯’igq KwVb c`v_© cvwb, evqy BZ¨vw` Dcv`v‡bi wgkÖ‡Y MwVZ c„„w_exi c„ô AveiY‡K gvwU
e‡j| GB gvwU‡Z MvQ-cvjv R‡b¥ Ges ¯’jR ev¯‘Z‡š¿ ARxe I mRxe Dcv`v‡bi g‡a¨ ms‡hvM iÿv K‡i|

* 2| gvwUi MVbMZ Dcv`vb KZ cÖKvi I Kx Kx? evKvwk‡ev- 2012Õcwi

DËi t gvwUi MVbMZ g~j Dcv`vb 4 wU h_v t-
Dcv`vb kZKiv nvi (%)
i) LwbR Dcv`vb 50-60%
ii) ‰Re c`v_© 10% ch©šÍ
iii) g„wËKv¯’ cvwb 25-35%
iv) g„wËKv¯’ evqy 15-20%

*** 3| wnDgvm (Humas) Kv‡K e‡j? evKvwk‡ev-2011, 15Õcwi

DËi t g„wËKvq Aew¯’Z cPbkxj ˆRe Dcv`vb, †hgb-g„Z Rxe‡`n, Rxe‡`‡ni Dcvsk Ges RxweZ Rxe‡`‡n n‡Z wbtm„Z eR©¨ c`v_©‡K ÿz`ª
AbyRxe (QÎvK, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, ‡Ku‡Pv BZ¨vw`) Øviv AvswkK ev m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c RvwiZ n‡q mij ˆRe †hŠ‡M cwiYZ nq, hv wnDgvm (Humas)
wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ|
wnDgvm cÖavbZ Kv‡ev©w·wjK GwmW, †d‡bvwjK GwmW Ges d¨vwU Gwm‡Wi G÷vi Øviv MwVZ| gvwU‡Z wnDgv‡mi Dcw¯’‡Z‡Z gvwUi De©iZv
e„w× †c‡q K…wlR Drcv`b evwo‡q †`q|

** 4| gvwU `~lY (Soil Pollution) ej‡Z Kx eySvq? evKvwk‡ev-20২৩

DËi t gvwUi ¯^vfvweK Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ mvaviYZ gbyl¨m„ó †h mKj Kg©KvÛ †hgb t †fŠZ, ivmvqwbK I RxemsµvšÍ cwieZ©b BZ¨vw`i
Kvi‡Y wewfbœ `~wlZ c`v_© wg‡k gvwUi De©iZvkw³ Drcv`bkxjZv I gvwUi ¸Yv¸Ymn gvwU‡Z emevmKvix AbyRx‡ie Kg©ÿgZv n«vm K‡i, Zv‡K
gvwU `~lY e‡j|
5| `~l‡Yi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` †jL|
DËi t `~l‡Yi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i g„wËKv `~lY wb¤œwjwLZfv‡e n‡Z cv‡i t
i) RxemsµvšÍ `~lY
ii) cøvw÷K `~lY
iii) ‡ZRw¯Œq c`v_©NwUZ `~lY
iv) GwmW `~lY
v) cwi‡cvlK `~lY
vi) ‰Re-c`v_©NwUZ `~lY Ges
vii) A‰Re c`v_©NwUZ `~lY|

* 6| g„wËKv `~lY n«vm ev wbqš¿Y Kiv hvq KqwU Dcv‡q I Kx Kx?

DËi t cÖavbZ wZbwU Dcv‡q g„wËKvi `~lY n«vm ev wbqš¿Y Kiv m¤¢e| h_v t
i) ¯^Kxq ev e¨w³MZ Dcv‡q,
ii) AvBbm¤§Z Dcv‡q Ges
iii) cÖhyw³MZ Dcv‡q|

* 7| K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKv ev GB‡RW (AEZ) ej‡Z Kx eySvq?

DËi t GB‡RW (AEZ) Gi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv - Agro Ecological Zones (K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKv)| †h mKj AÂj¸‡jvi gvwU, gvwUi MVb
AvenvIqvi ‰ewkó¨ BZ¨vw`i wg‡ji Kvi‡Y K…wl I ev¯‘Zvwš¿K (Ecological) ‰ewkó¨ I cÖvq GKB ev mg‡kÖwYfz³ (Homogenous) Ggb
GjvKv‡K K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKv e‡j| evsjv‡`k †gvUvgywU 30 wU K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKvq wef³ Ges †m¸‡jv Avevi µgvš^‡q 88 wU K…wl
cÖwZ‡ek AÂj Ges 535wU K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GK‡K wef³ Kiv n‡q‡Q|

8| K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKv (AEZ) †Kvb †Kvb Dcv`v‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i fvM Kiv nq?
DËi t mvaviYZ 4 wU Dcv`v‡bi wfwˇZ evsjv‡`‡ki K…wl cÖwZ‡ek GjvKv¸‡jv wPwýZ n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv n‡jv t-
i) f‚-cÖK…wZ
ii) f~wgi D”PZv
iii) g„wËKv ev g„wËKv Dcv`vb I
iv) K…wl Rjevqy|

SOS msw¶ß cÖ‡kœvËi t

* 1| g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i RxemsµvšÍ `~lY Kx Ges Gi cÖevnwPÎ ‡`LvI|

DËi t evmvevwo ev AcÖwµqvK…Z †cŠi GjvKvi AveR©bv, cÖwµqvKi‡Yi ci cøv›U n‡Z AmsµwgZ ¯øvR, nvmcvZv‡ji AveR©bv BZ¨vw`
¯‘cxK…Z K‡i †i‡L w`‡j ev Zv K…wl Rwg‡Z e¨env‡ii d‡j G‡`i g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z †ivMRxevYy Øviv g„wËKv (f~c„‡ôi DcwifvM) `~wlZ nIqv‡K
RxemsµvšÍ `~lY e‡j| GB `~wlZ g„wËKv K…wl Rwg‡Z e¨env‡ii d‡j †ivMRxevYy kvK-mewR, jZv-cvZvi gva¨‡g cÖvYx‡`‡n cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges
cieZx©‡Z msµwgZ gvbyl I cÖvYxi gjg~Î, weôv BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g cvwb I g„wËKvq cybivq wgwkÖZ n‡q g„wËKv‡K `~wlZ K‡i| wb‡¤œ RxemsµvšÍ
Kvi‡Y g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖevn wPÎ †`Iqv n‡jv t
 AveR©bv, gjg~Î, ¯øvR I Acwi‡kvwaZ †KwgK¨vj

g„wËKv

Dw™¢`

gvbyl, Mevwa cï, †cvwëªcÖvwY

‡ivM-msµgY

* 2| `~l‡Yi cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i cwi‡cvlK `~l‡Yi eY©bv Ki|

DËi t g„wËKvi Dci ¯Íi (Top Soil) cywó c`v‡_© cwi‡cvl‡Ki GKgvÎ Avavi ev evm¯’vb| Dw™¢` g„wËKvi GB ¯Íi n‡Z cywó c`v_© msMÖn
K‡i †eu‡P _v‡K Ges e„w× N‡U| kxl© g„wËKvi cywó Dcv`v‡bi ev cwi‡cvl‡Ki DrKl©Zv g„wËKvq emevmKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv, QÎvK (wWK‡¯úvRvi)
Ges †Ku‡Pv †WwUª‡fvi) cÖf„wZ cÖvwYi Dcw¯’wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i| KviY Giv RjevqyK…Z LwbR Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ g„Z-Rxe I Rxe Dcvsk n‡Z
m„ó wnDgv‡mi m¤úK© ¯’vcb Dw™¢‡`i cywó Dcv`vb (mij ‰Re †hŠM) MVb K‡i| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b K…wl c×wZi we‡kl cwieZ©b †hgb t †Kv‡bv
Rwg‡Z GKB dmj evi evi Pvl, `ywU (`yÕevi) dmj Drcv`‡bi ga¨eZx© mgq Kg _vKv, ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii d‡j g„wËKvq
cywó Dcv`vb ev cwi‡cvlK I wnDgvm m„wó n‡Z cv‡i bv| KviY KxUbvkK cÖ‡qv‡M e¨vK‡Uwiqv, wWK‡¯úvRvi, †WwUª‡fvR BZ¨vw` cÖvwY¸‡jv
gviv hvq| d‡j g„wËKv `~wlZ nq| g„wËKvi 𝑃𝐻 Gi cwieZ©b nq Ges Drcv`bI K‡g hvq|

* 3| D`vniYmn g„wËKv `~lYKvix Dr‡mi †kÖwYwefvM Ki|

DËi t g„wËKvi `~lY m„wóKvix kZ© ev Drm‡K cÖavbZ `yBfv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v mRxe `~lK (Biotic Pollutants) Ges ARxe `~lK
(Abiotic Pollutants) wb‡¤œ Gi D`vniY I Dr‡mi ZvwjKv †`Iqv n‡jv t
kZ© `~lK Drm
1) mRxe ‡ivM m„wóKvix fvBivm, e¨vK‡Uwiqv, K…wg, ‡cŠi GjvKvi wewfbœ cÖwZôv‡bi AveR©bv,
cÖ‡Uv‡Rvqv BZ¨vw`| msµwgZ ¯øvR, gvbyl I cÖvYxi gjg~Î
BZ¨vw`|
2) ARxe K) A‰Re mvj‡dU, dm‡dU fvix avZz, K…wRKv‡R e¨eüZ ivmvqwbK mvi I
†hgb t cvi`, mxmv, K¨vWwgqvg, jeY, KxUbvkK, cvIqvi cøv›U, †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii
GwmW BZ¨vw`| AmZK© cybviveZ©b, †c‡Uªvj `nb, wcwfwm
cøvw÷K `nb, A¤øe„wó BZ¨vw`|
L) ‰Re-‡cw÷mvBb, cøvw÷K I cwjw_b K…wldvg©, cøvw÷K Drcv`b KviLvbv, cøvw÷K
RvZxq `ªe¨ BZ¨vw`| I cwjw_b mg„× AveR©bv BZ¨vw`|

** 4| gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci A‰Re `~lK wn‡m‡e cvi` Gi cÖfve †jL|

DËi t A‰Re `~lK wn‡m‡e cvi` gvby‡li ¯^v‡¯’¨i Dci wb‡¤œi cÖfve¸‡jv †dj‡Z cv‡i-
i) gw¯Í®‹ †Kv‡li webvk I wµqvnxbZv
ii) `„wónxbZv I ewaiZv
iii) Z¡‡Ki ÿq I cÖ`vb
iv) Abxnv ev AiæwP m„wó
v) gvbwmK †`Še©j¨ I ‰eKj¨ Ges
vi) `ªæZ ev mn‡RB D‡ËwRZ |
5| g„w³Kvi cÖavb `~lK¸‡jvi ZvwjKv `vI| evKvwk‡ev- 20২৩
DËi t g„w³Kvi cÖavb `~lK¸‡jvi ZvwjKv wb‡¤œ †`Iqv nj t
i) ‡ZRw¯Œq eR©¨ c`v‡_©i ¯’vbvšÍ‡ii Awbqg
ii) cÖvYxi Øviv †ivMRxevYyi we¯Ívi
iii) K…wlKv‡R gvÎvwZwi³ †cw÷mvB‡Wi e¨envi
iv) wkí I †cŠi ms¯’vi eR©¨ c`v‡_©i ¯’vbvšÍi Awbqg|

SOS iPbvg~jK cÖ‡kœvËi t

*** 1| cwi‡e‡ki Dci gvwU `~l‡Yi cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Ki| evKvwk‡ev- 2012
DËi t cwi‡ek n‡”Q †Kv‡bv Rxe ev mRxe Dcv`v‡bi cwi‡eóbKvix cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’v, hv D³ Rxe ev mRxe Dcv`v‡bi Aw¯ÍZ¡ weKvk‡K
cÖfvweZ K‡i| gvwU `~lY cwi‡e‡ki Dci e¨vcK ÿwZKi cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i, hv wb‡¤œ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡jv t
KjKviLvbvq e¨eüZ ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i Acwi‡kvwaZ wb‡ÿcb I e¨e¯’vcbvi d‡j D³ GjvKvi f~wg wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_© I fvix c`v_©
Øviv `~wlZ nq Ges gvwU‡Z e„ÿ‡ivcb Abyc‡hvMx n‡q hvq| Avevi ivmvqwbK c`v_© I fvix c`v_©¸‡jv cvwbi mv‡_ wg‡k Abymªe‡Yi Øviv
f~wb¤œ¯’ cvwb‡KI `~wlZ K‡i| hv cvb Ki‡j ¯^v¯’¨SuzwK‡Z co‡Z nq| RbmsL¨v e„w×i d‡j Lv‡`¨i AwZwi³ Pvwn`v †gUv‡Z K…wlRwg‡Z AZ¨waK
gvÎvq ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨envi Kiv nq| d‡j gvwU‡Z emevmKvix DcKvix e¨vK‡Uwiqv, †Ku‡Pv, QÎvK BZ¨vw` gviv hvq Ges Rwgi
De©iZv bó n‡q hvq| GwU K…wlRwgi cywó c`v_© aŸs‡mi cÖavb KviY| gvwU `~l‡Yi d‡j MvQcvjv g‡i hv‡”Q Ges †h‡nZz MvQ Kve©b WvB
A·vBW MÖnY K‡i I Aw·‡Rb Z¨vM K‡i, hv gvwU `~l‡Yi Kvi‡Y e¨vnZ n‡”Q| d‡j mvgwMÖK evqygÛj ax‡i axi Mig n‡q hv‡”Q Ges
Aw·‡R‡bi gvÎv K‡g hv‡”Q| gvwU ÿwZKi AYyRxe ev †ivMm„wóKvix AYyRxe Øviv `~l‡Yi d‡j MvQ, jZvcvZv msµwgZ n‡”Q, d‡j gvbyl I
cïcvwL I msµwgZ n‡”Q| Avevi Zv‡`i gjg~Î Øviv gvwU `~wlZ n‡”Q| hv Dchy³ e¨e¯’v bv wb‡j Gi avivevwnKZv Pj‡ZB _vK‡e| d‡j
Rxe I cwi‡e‡ki gvivZ¡K ÿwZ n‡”Q| fvix welv³ c`v_© (gvK©vwi, K¨vWwgqvg, †jW BZ¨vw`) Øviv gvwU `~l‡Yi `‡j gvby‡li gw¯Í®‹ webvk,
wµqvnxbZv, `„wónxbZv, ewaiZv BZ¨vw` mgm¨v mn Pg©‡ivM I K¨vÝvi ch©šÍ ¯^v¯’¨SuzwK e„w× cv‡”Q| ZvB ejv hvq gvwU `~l‡Yi d‡j cÖZ¨ÿ I
c‡ivÿ fv‡e cwi‡e‡ki Z_v Lv`¨k„•Lj, ¯^v¯’¨, ev¯‘Zš¿ (B‡Kvwm‡÷g) BZ¨vw`i Dci e¨vcK †bwZevPK cÖfve †dj‡Q|

** 2| g„wËKv `~lY wbq‡š¿‡Yi c×wZmg~n eY©bv Ki|

DËi t g„wËKv `~l‡Yi Rb¨ cÖavbZ KwVb eR©¨ c`v_©B `vqx (cÖvq 90 kZvsk)| GB KwVb eR©¨ c`v_© ¸‡jvi AwaKvskB Rxe-Awe‡køl¨ ev
bb-ev‡qvwW‡MÖ‡Wej|
cÖavbZ wZbwU Dcv‡q gvwU `~lY n«vm ev wbqš¿Y m¤¢e| wb‡¤œ Zvi eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t
K) ¯^Kxq ev e¨w³MZ Dcvq t e¨w³MZ m‡PZbZvi gva¨‡g gvwU `~lY n«vm (ev wbqš¿Y) m¤¢e| †hgb t
i) Rxe-Awe‡køl¨ c`v_© ev `~lY m„wóKvix c`v_© Drcv`bKvix wµqvKjvc n«v‡mi gva¨‡g
ii) `~lY m„wóKvix c`v_©mg~‡ni Dchy³ c×wZ‡Z msiÿY, ¯’vbvšÍi Ges Dchy³ ¯’v‡b ¯‘cxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g|
L) AvBbm¤§Z Dcvq t
i) AvBb cÖYqb I cÖ‡qv‡Mi gva¨‡g Drm n‡Z KwVb Drcv`‡bi cwigvY n«vm Kiv m¤¢e|
ii) AvBb cÖ‡qvM K‡i cwi‡e‡k `xN©¯v’ qx Rxe-Awe‡køl¨ KxUbvkbK g„wËKv wbqš¿K I cøvw÷K c`v‡_©i Drcv`b n«v‡mi cvkvcvwk Rxe-we‡køl¨
I cwi‡e‡k ¯^í¯’vqx c`v‡_©i Drcv`b I e¨env‡ii Dci ¸iæZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i|
iii) AvBb K‡i KwVb eR©¨ Awbqwš¿Z ¯Í‚cxKiY ev hÎZÎ wb‡ÿcY wbwl×KiY|
iv) Dchy³ ¯^v¯’¨ AvB‡bi gva¨‡g mKj¯Í‡ii gvbyl‡K Dchy³ ¯^v¯’¨ e¨e¯’v m¤úK©xZ Af¨v‡mi AvIZvq Avbv Ges M„n¯’vwj wbtm„Z eR©¨ c`v‡_©i
e¨envi n«v‡m MyiæZ¡ Av‡ivc Kiv|
M) cÖhyw³MZ Dcvq t cÖhyw³MZ Dcv‡q KwVb eR©¨ c`v‡_©i h_vh_ msMÖn I e¨e¯’vcbv Ges DbœZ cybiveZ©b cÖhyw³i gva¨‡g m¤ú` cybiæ×vi
K‡i g„w³Kvi `~lY n«vm ev wbqš¿Y m¤¢e|
i) eR©¨ msMÖn I e¨e¯’vcbv t cÖPwjZ cÖ_vbyhvqx Dchy³ c×wZ‡Z Ges h_vh_ ¯’v‡b e· ev K‡›UBbvi ¯’vcb K‡i eR©¨ Drm n‡Z eR©¨ Rgv Kiv
nq| †mLvb †_‡K jwi ev Uªv‡Ki gva¨‡g eR©¨¸‡jv msMÖn Kiv nq| G‡Z A_© kÖg I mgq AeP‡qi cvkvcvwk Kvh©Kixfv‡e g„wËKvi `~lY I
wbqš¿Y m¤¢e nq bv| GRb¨ DbœZ cÖhyw³m¤úbœ we‡kl hvwš¿K Dcv‡q Drm n‡Z wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b ¯‘~cxK…Z (RgvK…Z) eR©¨‡K cÖ_‡g cPbkxj I
AcPbkxj c`v_© c„_K Kiv nq| AcPbkxj eR©¨ c`v_©¸‡jv n‡Z †h¸‡jv cybiveZ©‡bi gva¨‡g cybiæ×vi Kiv hvq †m¸‡jv c„_K Kiv nq|
Avi †m¸‡jv cybiveZ©b Kiv hvq bv †m¸‡jv wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b wb‡q wM‡q Dchy³ c×wZ I cwi‡e‡k cywo‡q †djv nq Ges †cvov Aewkóvsk wbivc`
¯’v‡b gvwU‡Z MZ© Lyu‡o †mLv‡b †d‡j Gi Dci K‡qK dzU DPz K‡i gvwU ¯‘~cxK…Z K‡i †X‡K ‡`Iqv DwPZ| G‡Z A_©, kÖg I mg‡qi mvkÖ‡qi
cvkvcvwk g„wËKv `~lY I n«vm cvq ev wbqwš¿Z nq|
ii) m¤ú‡`i cybiƒ×vi t cÖhyw³MZ Dcv‡q eR©¨ c`v‡_©i g‡a¨ Dcw¯’Z cybiveZ©b‡hvM¨ e¯‘; †hgb t KvMR, KvP, avZz Ges ˆRe c`v‡_©i
cybivZ©‡bi gva¨‡g m¤ú‡`i cybiæ×vi Kiv m¤¢e|
➢ eR©¨ KvMR cybiæ×vi I msiÿY m¤¢e| 1 Ub eR©¨ KvMR cybiæ×v‡ii gva¨‡g Drcv`b Ki‡j cÖvq 17 wU MvQ‡K aŸs‡mi nvZ †_‡K iÿv
Kiv m¤¢e|
➢ Møvm cybiveZ©b GKwU jvfRbK Dcvq| ¯^vfvweK Dcv`vb n‡Z Møvm Drcv`‡bi †P‡q cybiæ×v‡ii gva¨‡g Drcv`‡b LiP Kg nq Ges
cwi‡ekI (evqy, kw³) bó Kg nq|
➢ eR©¨ avZzi cybiveZ©b Zzjbvg~jK mnR I jvfRbK| ZvQvov cybiæ×v‡ii d‡j gvwU I cwi‡ek G `~lY n«vm cv‡”Q|
➢ cøvw÷K AcPbkxj Ges cybiæ×viÿg c`v_©, hv jvfRbK Dcv‡q Gi cybiveZ©b Kiv hvq| †hgb- cøvw÷‡Ki iwk, wW‡gi †KBm BZ¨vw`|
Gi d‡j gvwU, cvwb Z_v cwi‡ek `~lY n«vm cv‡e|

** 3| wewfbœ cÖKvi g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖKvi‡f` Av‡jvPbv Ki|

DËi t g„wËKv ev gvwU `~lY n‡jv gvwUi ¸YMZ gvb n«vm cvIqvi GKwU cÖwµqv, hv gvby‡li Kvh©Kjvc Ges cÖvK…wZK NUbvejxi Kvi‡Y N‡U
_v‡K| GB `~l‡Yi d‡j gvwU Zvi De©iZv nvivq Ges wewfbœ iK‡gi ÿwZKi ivmvqwbK I fvix avZz Øviv `~wlZ nq| hv cwi‡ek Ges gvbe
¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ gvivZ¥K KviY|
wb‡¤œ wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii gvwU `~l‡Yi eY©bv †`Iqv n‡jv t
1) cÖvK…wZK KviY t cÖvK…wZK Kvi‡Yi Rb¨ gvwU `~l‡Yi D`vniY wn‡m‡e AMœy¨rcvZ, eb¨v Ges f‚wgaŸm D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Gme NUbvq
gvwU‡Z wewfbœ ivmvqwbK c`v_© Ges fvix avZz Rgv nq| hv gvwUi ¯^vfvweK ¸YMZ gvb bó K‡i|
2) K…wlc×wZ t K…wl‡ÿ‡Î AwZwi³ ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvkK e¨env‡ii d‡j gvwU‡Z wewfbœ ÿwZKviK c`v_© Rgv nq| GB ÿwZKi
c`v_©¸‡jv gvwUi De©iZv bó K‡i †`q| d‡j dmj Drcv`‡b †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o|
3) wkí KviLvbvi eR©¨ t wkí KviLvbvi eR©¨ gvwU‡Z Rgv n‡q `~lY m„wó K‡i| we‡klK‡i fvix avZz, ivmvqwbK c`v_© Ges wewfbœ ai‡bi
†Zj gvwUi ¸YMZ gvb bó K‡i Ges cwi‡e‡ki fvimvg¨ wewNœZ K‡i|
4) bMivqb I AveR©bv t bMivq‡bi d‡j AveR©bv gvwU‡Z Rgv nq| we‡kl K‡i cøvw÷K, B‡jKwUªK eR©¨ Ges Ab¨vb¨ A‰Re c`v_©
gvwU‡Z Rgv n‡q `~lY m„wó K‡i|
5) A‰Re c`v_©NwUZ `~lY t A‰Re c`v_©MwVZ g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖavb KviY ¯’jfv‡Mi wkíms¯’v Ges †cŠi ms¯’v wb‡ÿwcZ KwVb AveR©bvi
AcwiKwíZ ¯Í‚cxKiY| Kqjv I Lwb wkí avZz cÖwµqvKiY wkí, BwÄwbqvwis wkí, cøvw÷K I †c÷ Drcv`b cÖf…wZ wkí ms¯’vi
wb‡ÿwcZ eR©¨ c`v‡_©i gva¨‡g wewfbœ A‰Re welv³ avZz †hgb- mxmv, cvi`, K¨vWwgqvg `¯Ív cÖf…wZ g„wËKvq msµwgZ nq| †cŠi
ms¯’v wb‡ÿwcZ KwVb c`v_© †hgb- avZe cvÎ, M„n¯’ R¦vjvwb A`vn¨ Ask, iv¯Ív cwi¯‹…Z eR©¨ c`v_©, Lv`¨vsk, cwiZ¨³ hvbevnb,
KvMR, Møvm Ges Ae¨eüZ †÷v‡iR e¨vUvwii ¯Í‚cxKi‡Yi d‡j wewfbœ A‰Re ivmvqwbK, fvix avZz g„wËKvq msµwgZ nq|
6) ‰Re c`v_©NwUZ `~lY t ˆRe c`v_©NwUZ g„wËKv `~l‡Yi cÖavb KviY AvaywbK K…wl c×wZ‡Z ‡cw÷mvBW Ges g„wËKv wbqš¿‡Ki Aeva
e¨envi| cvwb‡Z A`ªve¨ AM©v‡bv‡K¬vwib †cw÷mvB‡Wi gvÎvwZwi³ Ges AmZK© e¨env‡ii d‡j †cw÷mvB‡Wi †ek wKQz Ask g„wËKvq
msµwgZ nq|
7) A¨vwmW `~lY t g„wËKvi A¨vwmW `~lY ej‡K A¨vwmW e„wói cÖfv‡e kxl©-g„wËKvi DrKl© gv‡bi n«vm‡K eySvq| g„wËKvi A¨vwmW `~lY
evq~`~l‡Yi GKwU c‡ivÿ cÖfve| evqy‡Z Dcw¯’Z mvjdvi Ges bvB‡Uªv‡Rb A·vBW e„wói cvwbi mv‡_ wewµqv K‡i mvjwdDwiK Ges
bvBwUªK A¨vwmW Drcbœ K‡i| Drcbœ mvjwdDwiK Ges bvBwUªK A¨vwmW e„wói cvwbi gva¨‡g g„wËKvq Aatwÿß nq|
8) ‡ZRw¯Œq c`v_©NwUZ `~lY t g„wËKv †ZRw¯Œq c`v‡_©i ØvivI `~wlZ n‡Z cv‡i| wkí ms¯’v Ges wbDwK¬qvi cixÿvMvi †_‡K wbtm„Z
†ZRw¯Œq eR©¨ e¯‘ Ges wbDwK¬qvi we‡ùvi‡Yi d‡j evq~gÛ‡j msµwgZ †ZRw¯Œq e¯‘i e„wó Aat‡ÿc‡Yi d‡j g„wËKv †ZRw¯Œq e¯‘i
Øviv msµwgZ nq| wbDwK¬qvi cvIqvi cø¨v›U †_‡K wbtm„Z eR©¨ e¯‘i gva¨‡g ÷ªwmqvg- 90 Ges wmwRqvg-137 cÖf…wZ †ZRw¯Œq c`v_©
g„wËKvq msµwgZ nq|
9) cøvw÷K `~lY t g„wËKv `~l‡Yi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KviY n‡”Q cøvw÷K Ges cwjw_b `ª‡e¨i evavnxb e¨envi Ges e¨env‡ii †k‡l
AveR©bv wn‡m‡e ¯’jfv‡M wb‡ÿc| Pv cv‡bi cwj÷vB‡ib Kvc, cøvw÷K `ª‡e¨i fMœvsk (‡hgb- K¨vb, evjwZ, RM, Møvm evwU cÖf…wZ)|
Bb‡RKk‡bi wmwiÄ, cwje¨vM, cwj-wkU, Kj‡gi Ask ev fMœvsk Ges Ab¨vb¨ eûwea I cøvw÷K cwjw_‡bi `ªe¨ ¯’jfv‡M hÎZÎ
wb‡ÿ‡ci d‡j g„wËKv `~wlZ nq|

* 4| g„wËKv `~l‡Yi Drmmg~n eY©bv Ki|

DËi t g„wËKv ev gvwU `~lY wkí Kvh©Kjvc (B‡jKUªwbK eR© wb®úwË), K…wl Kvh©µg (Lvgvi Rwg‡Z KxUbvkK, mvi BZ¨vw`i e¨envi), eR©
wb®úwË, `yN©UbvRwbZfv‡e †Zj Qwo‡q cov, GwmW e„wó BZ¨vw`i Kvi‡Y N‡U _v‡K|
wb‡¤œ g„wËKv `~l‡Yi Drmmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jv-
i) GwmW ev A¤ø e„wó t mvaviY A‡_© e„wói cvwb‡Z AwaK gvÎvq Gwm‡Wi Dcw¯’wZ‡K GwmW e„wó e‡j| GwmW ej‡Z g~jZ bvBwUªK Ges
mvjwdDwiK GwmW‡KB eySv‡bv n‡q _v‡K| wewfbœ Kj-KviLvbv Ges Mvwo †_‡K wbM©Z ÿwZKi bvbv ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i d‡j evqy
`~lY nIqvq GwmW e„wói g~j KviY| cÖvwYRMrmn cwi‡e‡ki Dci GwmW e„wói gvivZ¥K cÖfve i‡q‡Q|
ii) KxUbvkK I ivmvqwbK mvi t dm‡ji Rwg‡Z ivmvqwbK mvi I KxUbvk‡Ki e¨vcK e¨env‡ii ÿwZKi w`K m¤ú‡K© weÁvbxiv `xN©w`b
a‡iB mZK© K‡i Avm‡Qb| wKš‘ †`‡k e¨vcv‡i †Zgb ‡Kv‡bv wewawb‡la ev wbqš¿‡Yi e¨e¯’v bv _vKvq Gme ivmvqwb‡Ki e¨envi
Kg‡Q bv| eis w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| g~jZ KZUzKz Rwg‡Z Kx cwigvY mvi I KxUbvkK e¨envi Ki‡Z nq Ges e¨env‡ii KZw`b
ci dmj D‡Ëvjb Ki‡Z nq Gme wel‡q †Kv‡bv cÖvwZôvwbK Ávb bv _vKvq gvwU e¨vcKfv‡e `~wlZ n‡”Q|
 iii) ‡ZRw¯Œq eR©¨ t ‡ZRw¯Œq eR© n‡jv GK ai‡bi wec¾bK eR©¨ hv‡Z †ZRw¯Œq c`v_© _v‡K| †ZRw¯Œq eR©¨ cvigvbweK Ilya,
cvigvbweK M‡elYv, A¯¿ cybt cÖwµqvKiYmn A‡bK Kvh©Kjv‡ci dj| G Kvi‡YI cÖPzi cwigv‡Y gvwU `~lY nq|
iv) wkí eR©¨ t wkí eR©¨ n‡jv wkí wµqvKjv‡ci Øviv Drcvw`Z eR©¨ hv Kj KviLvbv Ges Lwbi Kvh©µ‡gi g‡Zv Drcv`b cÖwµqvi mgq
A‡K‡Rv n‡q hvIqv Dcv`vb AšÍf©y³ K‡i| wkí eR©¨ c`v_©‡K wewfbœ †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv hvq|
†hgb t ev‡qvwW‡MÖ‡Wej, bb-ev‡qvwWª‡MÖej, wec¾bK eR©¨ BZ¨vw`|
v) eR©¨ Ges cqtwb®‹vkY t cÖ‡Z¨K e¨w³ cÖ¯ªve Ges gj AvKv‡i GKwU wbw`©ó cwigvY e¨w³MZ eR©¨ wbM©Z K‡i| hw`I Gi †ewkifvMB
b`©gv e¨e¯’vq P‡j hvq, cÖPzi cwigv‡Y WvBcvi AvKv‡i mivmwi j¨vÛwd‡j †djv nq| GgbwK b`©gv e¨e¯’v j¨vÛwd‡j †kl nq,
†hLv‡b ˆRweK eR©¨ gvwU Ges cvwb‡K `~wlZ K‡i| Gi KviY n‡jv Avgv‡`i kix‡ii Uw·b Ges ivmvqwbK c`v‡_© c~Y©, hv Rwg‡Z
cÖ‡ek Ki‡Q Ges gvwU `~lY NUv‡”Q|

*** 5| eR©¨ Acmvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z f‚wg fivUKiY (Sanitary Land Filling) evKvwk‡ev- 2010, 13, 14
DËi t eR©¨ c`v_©¸wj‡K ïaygvÎ AcmviY ev ¯’vbvšÍKi‡Yi gva¨‡g wbqš¿Y bv K‡i cÖ‡qvRbgZ G¸wji cwigvY n«vm, cybte¨envi Ges
cybtKi‡Yi gva¨‡g AZ¨šÍ mycwiKwíZfv‡e eR©¨ c`v_© wbqš¿Y e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv hvq|
ÒeR©¨ w`‡q Rwg fivU KvKwU‡K ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z Rwg fivUKiY ev m¨vwbUvwi j¨vÛwhj ejv nq|Ó GB c×wZ‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b AveR©bvi ˆRe
Ask Avjv`v K‡i GKwU 2 wgUvi DPz ¯Íi wewQ‡q †`Iqv nq| Zvi Ic‡i 20-25 ‡mw›UwgUvi gvwUi ¯Íi Qwo‡q ‡`Iqv nq| gvwU bx‡P _vKv
GB eR©¨¸wj ˆRe¨ f½yi e‡j G‡`i cPb nq, d‡j G¸wji ‡fŠZ, ivmvqwbK I ˆRe a‡g©i cwieZ©b N‡U| GB cÖwµqv Pjvi mgq G †_‡K
wg‡_b, A¨v‡gvwbqv cÖf…wZ M¨vm Drcbœ nq| GB cÖwµqv †kl nevi ci hv Aewkó wn‡m‡e c‡o _v‡K †m¸wj w`‡q bxPz Rwg fivU Kiv nq|

wPÎ t eR©¨ Acmvi‡Y ¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z f‚wg fivUKiY

m¨vwbUvwi j¨vÛwdì e¨e¯’vi cÖwZôvq cÖavbZ †h mKj welq we‡ePbv Ki‡Z nq, Zv n‡jv t
i) j¨vÛwd‡ji ¯’vb wbe©vPb
ii) wdwjs c×wZ Ges cwiPvjbv
iii) j¨vÛwd‡ji wWRvBb
iv) j¨vÛwd‡ji M¨vm wbtmiY I ÿiY
v) j¨vÛwdj cwiPvjbv
vi) cwi‡ekMZ welqmg~n

AvaywbK j¨vÛwd‡j cÖ_gZ GKwU wbivc` RvqMv wbe©vPb Kiv nq, †hUv mvaviYZ kni †_‡K `~‡i nq| Zvici mwVK wWRvB‡bi eo MZ© K‡i
Kv`vgvwUi AveiY †`Iqv nq, Zvi Dci cøvw÷K wjwbqvi wewQ‡q †`Iqv nq, hv‡Z K‡i gvwU Ges f‚Mf©¯’ cvwb eR©¨ †_‡K cy‡ivcywi Avjv`v
Ges wbivc` _v‡K| eR©¨¸wj GLv‡b G‡m †cŠQvi ci evQvBKiY K‡i AcPbkxj eR©¨ †hgb cøvw÷K, KvP BZ¨vw` Avjv`v K‡i ev` †`Iqv
nq| msMÖnxZ eR©¨¸wj wba©vwiZ RvqMvq K‡qKwU †m‡ji g‡a¨ av‡c av‡c †i‡L fvix hš¿cvwZi mvnv‡h¨ Pvcv w`‡q mvwR‡q ivLv nq| fivU n‡q
†M‡j Dc‡i XvKbv w`‡q fv‡jvfv‡e †X‡K ‡`Iqv nq hv‡Z e„wói cvwb Ges evZvm wfZ‡i cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z bv cv‡i|
6| wk‡í e¨eüZ wewfbœ ivmvqwbK welv³Zvi †kÖwYwefvM Ki|
DËi t GKwU c`v‡_©i welv³Zv nj ÿwZKviK cÖfve m„wó Kivi ÿgZv| GB cÖfve¸wj GKwU GKK †Kvl, †Kv‡li GKwU MÖæc GKwU A½
ev mgMÖ kixi‡K AvNvZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| †`‡k w`b w`b wkívqb e„w× cvIqvq cÖwZwbqZ wewfbœ ivmvqwb‡Ki e¨envi evo‡Q| GKwU †dwmwjwUi
Drcv`b cÖwµqv‡Z Ges cwiPvjbvi †ÿ‡Î ivmvqwb‡Ki e¨envi cwi‡ek Ges Rb ¯^v‡¯’i †ÿ‡Î P‚ovšÍ welv³ Ges wec¾bK n‡Z cv‡i hw`
c×wZMZfv‡e Ges h_vh_fv‡e Zvi e¨e¯’vcbv bv Kiv nq| wk‡í eûj e¨eüZ ivmvqwbK welv³Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i wewfbœ †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv
nq| h_v-
1) ivmvqwbK MVb Abymv‡i ÿwZKviK ivmvqwbK c`v_©‡K 3 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq, h_v-
i) ‰Re †hŠM t nvB‡Wªv‡Rb I Kve©b Øviv MwVZ nvB‡WªvKve©b Ges nvB‡WªvKve©b †_‡K D™¢zZ †hŠMmg~n‡K ˆRe †hŠM e‡j| †hgb t
A¨vj‡Kvnj, †K‡Uvbm, A¨vjwWnvBW, G÷vi BZ¨vw`| welv³Zvi aib t `vn¨, we‡õviY|
ii) ‡gŠwjK ˆRe †hŠM t UjyBb- ¯œvqyZ‡š¿i Dci cÖfve, digvjwWnvBW- k¦vm-cÖkv¦ ‡mi mgm¨v, K¨vÝv‡ii SuzwK, wg_vbj- Pg©, AÜZ¡
BZ¨vw`|
iii) A‰Re †hŠM t A‰Re †hŠM nj mvaviYZ GKwU ivmvqwbK †hŠM †hwU‡Z Kve©b-nvB‡Wªv‡Rb e܇bi Afve _v‡K|
†hgb t cvi`, mxmv, 𝐶𝑂2 BZ¨vw`| welv³Zvi aib t ms‡e`bkxj, †Uiv‡Uv‡Rb BZ¨vw`|

2) gvby‡li kix‡ii Dci Kg© Abymv‡i ÿwZKviK ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i †kÖYx wefvM wb¤œiƒc t
1. welv³ (Toxic) t c`v_©¸‡jv‡K 4 wU mve-‡kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq| h_v-
i) weiw³Ki (Irritants) t †h ivmvqwbK c`v_©¸wj Z¡K, †PvL, k¦vmhš¿ ev cPbZ‡š¿i ms¯ú‡k© G‡j R¡vjv, cÖ`vn ev A¯^w¯’
m„wó K‡i| †hgb t A¨v‡gvwbqv, †K¬vwib, weøP, digvjwWnvBW BZ¨vw`|
ii) k¦vmiæ×KviK t ‡h ivmvqwbK c`v_©¸wj k¦vmKó m„wó Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb t dm‡Rb, mvjdvi WvBA·vBW, Kve©b g‡bv·vBW
BZ¨vw`|
iii) gv`K`ªe¨ t gv`K`ªe¨ n‡jv Ggb GKwU `ªe¨, hv e¨envi Ki‡j kvixwiK I gvbwmK D‡ËRbv ˆZix nq| †hgb- wb‡KvwUb,
giwdb, †n‡ivBb, LSD BZ¨vw`|
iv) ‡mvgvwUK t kixi ev Gi ¯^Zš¿ wm‡÷‡gi e¨vNvZ NUvq| †hgb- mxmv, †ebwRb BZ¨vw`|
2. ms‡e`bkxj t wbD‡iv G‡Ûvµwnb wWRAW©vi m„wó K‡i, mv‡_ UvK cov Z¡‡Ki ÿq|
3. Kviwm‡bvwR‡bv‡RwbK t K¨vÝvi †Kvl e„w× NUvq|
4. ‡Rbv‡iwUf t †hgb- †Mvbv‡WvUªwcK, wgDUv‡RwbK|
5. A¨vjv‡Rb t wewfbœ GjvwR© cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i|

3) gvbe‡`‡n wec‡`i gvÎv Abymv‡i ÿwZKviK c`v_©‡K 4 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v-
1g †kÖwY t AZ¨šÍ wec¾bK|
2q †kÖwY t wec¾bK|
3q †kÖwY t gvSvwi wec¾bK|
4_© †kÖwY t Kg wec¾bK|

4) ivmvqwbK c`v_© Zv‡`i e¨envwiK e¨env‡ii Dci wbf©i K‡i 5 fv‡M fvM Kiv nq| h_v-
i) wkí wel t wel nj †Kv‡bv ivmvqwbK c`v_© hv RxweZ cÖvYxi Rb¨ ÿwZKi ev cÖvYNvZx|
†hgb t R¡vjvwb (‡cÖv‡cb), iÄK (A¨vwjwgb) BZ¨vw`|
ii) KxUbvkK t KxUbvkK GK ai‡bi welv³ c`v_© hv KxUcZ½‡K †g‡i †di‡Z mnvqZv K‡i|
iii) cwiev‡ii ivmvqwbK t GwU cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq Lv`¨ ms‡hvR‡b| †hgb t m¨vwb‡Ukb, wf‡bMvi, Zuy‡Z BZ¨vw`|
iv) ‰RweK Dw™¢` I cÖvYxi wel t †hgb t QÎvK|
v) welv³ c`v_© t †hgb t dmwRb, mvwib BZ¨vw`|

5) ÿwZKviK c`v_© GKRb e¨w³i Dci cÖfv‡ei cÖK…wZ Abymv‡i wb‡¤œv³ †kÖYx‡Z fvM Kiv nq-
i. mvaviY welv³ t †hgb t nvB‡WªvKve©b, A¨vj‡Kvnj, nvB‡Wªv‡Rb mvjdvBW, †K¬vwibhy³ nvB‡WªvKve©b, cvi`, jeY|
ii. weiw³Ki t †hgb t bvB‡Uªv‡Rb is, WvB wg_vBj A¨vwg‡bv‡ewRb, †K¬vwib, weøP BZ¨vw`|
iii. ms‡e`bkxj t Z¡‡Ki ÿq, digvwjbwWnvBW BZ¨vw`|
iv. wgDUv‡RwbK t †hgb †ewÄb, digvjwWnvBW|
v. KviwmwR‡bv‡RwbK t †µvwgqvg, wb‡Kj, A¨vgvBbm, A¨v‡iv‡gwUK BZ¨vw`|
vi. cÖRbb t †evwiK A¨vwmW, cvi`, mxmv BZ¨vw`|
7| ivmvqwbK c`v_© c„_KxKiY I msiÿ‡Yi bxwZmg~n eY©bv Ki|
DËi t wb‡¤œ ivmvqwbK c`v_© c„_KxKi‡Y I msiÿ‡Yi bxwZmg~n eY©bv Kiv n‡jv t
▪ wbi‡cÿKiY cÖwZwµqv Gov‡Z Avjv`vfv‡e msiÿY Kiv hv Zvc Ges M¨vm ˆZwi Ki‡Z cv‡i|
▪ ‡Rvov‡jv Aw·‡Rb n«vm cÖwZwµqv cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z Avjv`v ivLyb|
▪ Av¸‡bi SzuwK Kgv‡Z Aw·WvBRvi †_‡K `vn¨ c`v_© Avjv`v Kiv|
▪ wnsmvZ¡K cÖwZwµqv cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cvwbi Drm †_‡K `~‡i msiÿY Kiv|
▪ wec`¾bK †auvqv Drcv`‡bi SzuwK Kgv‡Z GKmv‡_ msiÿY Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vKv|
▪ wKQz ivmvqwbK w¯’wZkxj _vKvi Rb¨ wbqwš¿Z Av`ª©Zv cÖ‡qvRb| GB Pvwn`vi Dci wfwË K‡i Avjv`v Kiv|
▪ we‡kl K‡i wec¾bK ivmvqwbK †hgb we‡õviK ev AZ¨šÍ welv³ c`v_© myiwÿZ GjvKvq msiÿY Kiv|
▪ ivmvqwbK bvg, NbZ¡, wec`, wPý Ges cÖvwß, †Lvjvi ZvwiLmn mg¯Í cv‡Î ¯úófv‡e †j‡ej †`b|
▪ ‡avqv Drcv`bKvix ivmvqwbK¸wj k¦vm cÖkv¦ ‡mi SuywK †iva Ki‡Z fvj evqyPjvPj GjvKvq msiÿY Kiv|
▪ mKj ivmvqwbK c`v‡_© †µZv ev mieivnKZ…K wbwl× †Kv‡bv ivmvqwbK Dcv`vb †bB, Zv M¨v‡ev›U mvwU©wd‡KUm Gi gva¨‡g wbwðZ
Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ ‡h †Kv‡bv ivmvqwbK c`v_© msiÿ‡Y mKj cÖKvi wbivcËv †PK wj÷ wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ ivmvqwbK e¨env‡i mswkøó mKj‡K e¨w³MZ wbivcËv mvgMÖx cÖ`vb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi e¨enviwewai Dci cÖwkÿb w`‡Z n‡e|
▪ mKj ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i †m‡KÛvwi K‡›Ub‡g›U wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ ‡h mg¯Í ivmvqwbK c`v_© Av‡jv‡Z ms‡e`bkxj †m¸‡jvi †ÿ‡Î ev`vwg Kv‡Pi †evZj ev A¯^”Q cvÎ e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e|
▪ mKj ivmvqwbK c`v‡_©i Rb¨ Bgvi‡R©wÝ w¯ú‡jR KxU gRyZ Ki‡Z n‡e| 12:41 PM