Cairo University MTHG102 - Fall 2024

Faculty of Engineering Linear Algebra

Assignment 3
“Dependence” of a set of Vectors,
“Basis” and “Dimension” of a Space or subspace
“Rank” of a Matrix
“Consistency” of a System of Equations …

(1) Show that

1 0  3 
 
S  2 ,4 , 0   is a linearly independent set in R3.
1 1   1 
      
Note : If any set S of 3 vectors in R3 are independent , so they can span R3 , i.e. they can be considered
as basis for R3 , any other vector in R3 can be written as a linear combination of the vectors of S in a
unique way.
If they are put as columns in a 3x3 matrix , its rank will be 3 (i.e. it will be of full rank = it will be
non-singular = its determinant will be non-zero) .

(2) Determine whether

  1   4  2  3  
        
 2 3 0 5 
S    ,  ,  ,    is a linearly independent set in R . If not, write anyone of them in
4

 1  1 1  1  
 1 0 3  4 
terms of the others. (i.e. write a linear combination that relates them.)

(3) Determine whether

S= {(3, 1, 2), (3, 8,-5), (-3, 6, -9)} is a linearly independent set in R3.

(4) Let p1 (t) = 1+ 2t + t2, p2 (t) = t – t3, p3 (t) = 2 + t2, and p4 (t) = 4 – 5t + t2 + t3.
i) Check for linear independence of S = { p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 } as a subset of V= P3.
In case of dependency, write one of its elements as a linear combination of the others.
ii) Does S = { p1 , p2 , p3 , p4 } span P3 ? Why?
iii) Find two different subsets of S that are bases for W = Span(S).

1 0 −1 2 7 −6 0 −3 1 1
(5) Let A1 =( ), A2 =( ), A3 =( ), A4 =( ), and A5 =( ).
0 2 2 0 −6 8 3 0 2 1
Let S = {A1, A2, A3, A4}.
i) Does A5 belong to Span ({A1, A2, A3})? Clarify.
ii) What is dim( Span(S)?
iii) Can you find a subset of S that is a basis for the subspace of M2x2 of skew-symmetric
matrices? Clarify!

1
(6) Which of the given vectors in R3 are linearly dependent?
For those which are, express one vector as a linear combination of the rest.
(a) [2, -1, 0], [0, 3, 2], [2, 4, 3], [3, 6, 6]
(b) [1, 1, 0], [3, 4, 2]
(c) [1, 1, 0], [0, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3], [0, 0, 0]

2
(7) Determine which of the given subsets forms a basis for R3. Find the coordinates of v = 1 
 
 3 
relative to each subset that is a basis.
 1  1 1   3 4 0  3 2 3 6 1 0 3
        
(a)  1, 2, 1  , (b)  2 , 1, 0  , (c) {(2) , (1) , (4) , (7) }, (d){( 2 ) , (2) , (1)}.
 1  3 0    5   2  0   1 0 1 1 −1 0 5
             
Another formulations of this same problem is : If possible , express v as a linear combination of the
vectors in each subset that is a basis.) or : If possible, solve the system Ax=v where A is the matrix
having the given set of vectors as columns , and v = [ 2 1 3]T .

(8) Find a basis for the subspace W of R3 spanned by

  1   2   3  6  
        
 2, 1,  4,  7  What is the dimension of W?
  1  0   1   4  
        

(9) Find a basis for the subspace W of R4 spanned by the set of vectors:
{[1, 1, 0, -1], [0, 1, 2, 1], [1, 0, 1, -1], [1, 1, -6, -3], [-1, 5, 1, 0]}
What is the dimension of W?

(10) Find all values of a for which {(a2, 0, 1),(0, a, 2),(1, 0, 1)} is a basis for R3 ?

(11) Find the dimension and a basis for each of the following subspaces of R4:
(a) W1 :The set of all vectors of the form (a, b, c, d), where b=c.
(b) W2 :The set of all vectors of the form (a - c, a + b, b - c, -a + b).

(12) Find a basis for the subspace W of R3 spanned by

  1   4  2    5  
 
S   2 , 0,  4,  6  
 3 2  8   13 
        
and write each of the following vectors in terms of the basic vectors, if possible:
2 - 2  4
(a)  4  (b)  8  (c) - 8
   
- 6 16  16

2
(13) Find bases for the column space, the row space, and the null space of A :
1  2 7 0   1 0 1 
  1 2 2 1 0 
1  1 4 0   2 2 0   
(a) A    (b) A =   (c) A =  0 1 3 2 1 
 3 2  3 5 5 3 2  1 1  7 7  3
     
 
 2 1  1 3  0 1 1 

(14) Compute the rank and nullity of each given matrix:

 1 - 1 2 3 1 2 0 3 

(a)  2 6 - 8 1  (b) 1 - 2 - 1 - 6
- 1 - 7 10 2 3 2 - 1 - 6

(15) Determine which of the given linear systems are consistent by comparing the
ranks of the coefficient and augmented matrices:
 x1  1 1 1  x1  6
1  2  3 4    1 
  x2    (b) 1 - 1 1  x 2   2
(a) 4  1  5 6    2
x3    5 1 5  x 3  5
2 3 1  2   2
x 4 
Also, determine the column space , the row space and the null space of these matrices. Write the
general solution of these systems if they are consistent.

(16) Solve using the concept of rank:

  2  1  0  
 
(a) Is S  2, 0, 1  a linearly independent set of vectors in R 3 ?
  3   2   3 
      
  3  0   1  
 
(b) Does the set S  1, - 1,  2   span R 3 ?
0  1  - 1 
      

3
 1 0 1 1 5 2
(17) Let A= (
2 2 4 0 ), b = (4), and c = ( 2 ).
0 −1 −1 1 3 −1
1 1 2 0 2 −1
i) Find rank(A) and rank(A| b) . Does b belong to the column space of A? Why?
ii) Write one of the columns of A as a linear combination of the others, if possible.
iii) Does c belong to the null space of A? Why?
iv) Is the system Ax = v solvable for any given v in R4 ? Why?

(18) Let A be a nonzero 4 x 5 matrix.

(a) Give all possible values for the rank of A.
(b) If the rank of A is 3,what is the dimension of its column space?
(c) If the rank of A is 4,what is the dimension of the solution space of the
homogeneous system Ax = 0?